考研考博-英語-北京警察學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京警察學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

ProfessorKumarBhatt,founderandheadofWarwickManufacturingGroup(WMC),andRob

MeakinapersonneldirectoratMarconi,havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate.TheNewKnowledgePartnershipwillincludeateamof40MarconimanagersinwhatProfessorBhattcallselectronicengineeringmanagementorE2.Awiderangeofengineeringandnon-engineeringcompanieshasexpressedinterestintheseexcitingprograms,professorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingthebusinessenvironmenttoahugeextent.Manychiefexecutivesdonotunderstandthepowerofthenewtechnologiesandinsomecases,areactuallyresistingchange.Hesaysthat“aslongasenoughindustryleadersrealizeitspotentialbenefits,e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.”

AlreadyBritainmakesmoreuseofcomputer-aideddesignandmanufacture(CAD/CAM)andmanagementinformationtechnologysystemthanotherEuropeancountries,andhasagovernmentthatactivelypromotese-business.But,observesProfessorBhatt,Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.“Thethingaboutelectronicengineeringmanagementisthatyoucankeepyourlegacysystems;youjustneedtolinkthosesystemswithaninformationengine.Atthetouchofabuttonitwillallowprojectmanagerstoseethestatusofaproject,identifyproblemspreciselyandmakevirtuallyimmediatedecisionsbasedoninformationthatwillbemuchmorecompletethaninthepast.”

TheE2programistheresultofanalliancebytheWarwickManufacturingGroupwithAmerica’sleadinge-commercestudycenter,CarnegieMellon.ThelatterwillberesponsiblefortrainingmanyoftheMarconimanagersinAmerica,wherethegrouphashalfitsbusiness.InBritain.ProfessorBhatthaslinkedupwithSunMicrosystems,OracleandParametricTechnology,tosetupamulti-millionpoundE2designandmanufacturingcenterattheuniversitywhichwillbeusedfortrainingandresearch.

ProfessorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingbusinesstosuchanextentthatWMGislikelytoberenamedWarwickElectronicManufacturingGroup.But,hewarns:“Themovetoglobalizebecauseofe-commerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.”

1.WhatisthepurposeofE2course?

2.WhydoesBhattsaythat"e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain"?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoyouknowaboute-businessinBritain?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Accordingtothatlastpassage,whatisBhatt’sattitudetowardse-commerce?

問題1選項

A.Teachelectronicengineeringmanagement.

B.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeacquaintedwithe-commerce.

C.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeengineersandmanagers.

D.Teachengineersandmanagersaboutdevelopingpartnership.

問題2選項

A.Becausemanybusinessleadershaveshowntheirinterestinthis.

B.Becauseitcanstrengthenthecompanies’competitiveness.

C.Becausemorepeoplewilllearne-commercestyle.

D.Becausenewinformationtechnologiescangreatlyimproveindustrialproductivity.

問題3選項

A.E-businesshaseliminatedmanycompetitiverivals.

B.E-businesshasdonemanybenefitstobigcompanies

C.ManycompanieshavejoinedintheE-businessprogram.

D.E-businesshasgreatpotentialandwillmakechangesinthecountry.

問題4選項

A.BritaincanbecompetitivetoUSintheareaofinformationtechnology.

B.Britainhasalreadytakentheadvantagesofrunningengineeringmanagement.

C.AswithmanyotherEuropeancountries,Britainhasmadeuseofcomputer-aidedsystems.

D.E-businesshasofferedopportunitiestoEuropeancountriestoeliminatethecompetitivenessgapwithalltherivals.

問題5選項

A.HethinksitasapreciseopportunityonlytoBritain.

B.Hethinksthatitisnotasagoodopportunityaspeoplethink.

C.HethinksitisnotonlygoodforBritainbutalsoapreciseopportunityforothercountries.

D.Hedoesnotconsideritagoodopportunityinthelongrun.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate（建立了合作伙伴關(guān)系，培訓(xùn)工程師和管理人員成為精英）可知D選項“教工程師和經(jīng)理如何發(fā)展伙伴關(guān)系”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.（電子商務(wù)將使英國的第二次生產(chǎn)力革命成為可能。這可能會使經(jīng)濟接近消除與主要競爭對手的巨大競爭力差距）可知B選項“因為它可以增強企業(yè)的競爭力”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.（英國從未將科技作為經(jīng)濟增長的動力）可知D選項“電子商務(wù)有著巨大的潛力，并將在這個國家發(fā)生變化”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.（在過去五年中，由于信息技術(shù)，美國制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率提高了30%。在英國，我們可以取得更多成就，成功的電子商務(wù)將對英國經(jīng)濟帶來數(shù)十億美元的收益）可知A選項“在信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，英國可以比美國更有競爭力”符合題意。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Themovetoglobalizebecauseofecommerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.（由于電子商務(wù)而走向全球化的步伐正在加快。盡管網(wǎng)絡(luò)允許英國工業(yè)超越歐洲同行，但它也為亞洲國家提供了超越西方的機會。這是第一次它不是西方世界的特權(quán)，因為這項技術(shù)是普遍的）可知C選項“他認為這不僅對英國有利，而且對其他國家來說也是一個確切的機會”正確。

2.單選題

Whenitcomes___hiswifewiththehousework,Johnnevergrumbles.

問題1選項

A.tohelp

B.andhelps

C.tohelping

D.tohavehelped

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。whenitcomestosth./doingsth.“當(dāng)提到；就……而論”。句意：當(dāng)談到幫助妻子做家務(wù)時，約翰從不抱怨。因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Afterlosingthecourtcasethecompanybecamesomethingofa_______jokeinthebusinessworld.

問題1選項

A.standing

B.steady

C.persisting

D.settled

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。standing“長期有效的，固定的”；steady“穩(wěn)定的”；persisting“堅持”；settled“固定的”。句意：自從輸?shù)袅斯偎局?，公司就成了業(yè)內(nèi)的笑話。選項A符合題意。standingjoke“常令人發(fā)笑的笑料”.

4.單選題

Hewasabeautifulhorsethatlookedasthoughhe______outofapaintingbyXuBeihong.

問題1選項

A.come

B.hascome

C.iscoming

D.hadcome

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：它是一匹很漂亮的馬，好像是從徐悲鴻的畫里出來的。asthough引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣與過去事實相反時，從句用過去完成時。主句Hewasabeautifulhorse是過去時，所以從句用過去完成時hadcome。因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

Inthefuturethelittleprivacywenowhavewillbegone.Somepeoplecallthislossofprivacy’’Orwellian"，harkingbackto1984.GeorgeOrwell’sclassicworkonprivacyandautonomy.Inthatbook,Orwellimaginedafutureinwhichatotalitarianstateusedspies,videosurveillance,andcontroloverthemediatomaintainitspower.Buttheageofmonolithicstatecontrolisover.Thefuturewe'rerushingtowardisn'toneinwhichoureverymoveiswatchedandrecordedbyanall-knowngovernment.Itisinsteadafutureofahundredelectronicmonitorswhoconstantlywatchandinterruptourdailylives,andwherethreatstoprivacyfindtheirrootsinthefreemarket,advancedtechnology,andtheunbridledexchangeofelectronicinformation.

Theproblemwiththeword"privacy"’isthatitfallsshortofconveyingthereallybigpicture.Privacyisn'tjustabouthidingthings.It’saboutself-possession,autonomy,andintegrity.Aswemoveintothecomputerizedworldofthe21century,privacywillbeoneofourmostimportantcivilrights.Butthisrightofprivacyisn'ttherightofpeopletoclosetheirdoorsandpulldowntheirwindowshades-perhapsbecausetheywanttoengageinsomesortofillicitorillegalactivity.It’stherightofpeopletocontrolwhichdetailsabouttheirlivesstayinsidetheirownhousesandwhichleaktotheoutside.

Today'swaronprivacyisintimatelyrelatedtotherecentdramaticadvancesintechnology.Manypeopletodaysaythatinordertoenjoythebenefitsofmodemsociety,wemustnecessarilyrelinquishsomedegreeofprivacy.Ifwewanttheconvenienceofpayingforamealbycreditcard,thenwemustaccepttheroutinecollectionofourpurchasesinalargedatabaseoverwhichwehavenocontrol.

Thistrade-offisbothunnecessaryandwrong.Itremindsmeofanothercrisisoursocietyfacedbackinthefiftiesandsixties-theenvironmentalcrisis.Then,advocatesofbigbusinesssaidthatpoisonedriversandlakeswerethenecessarycostsofeconomicdevelopment,jobs,andanimprovedstandardofliving.Poisonwasprogress:anybodywhoarguedotherwisesimplydidn’tunderstandthefacts.

Todayweknowbetter.Todayweknowthatsustainableeconomicdevelopmentdependsonpreservingtheenvironment.Similarly,inordertoreapthebenefitsoftechnology.Itismoreimportantthaneverforustousetechnologytoprotectpersonalfreedom.

1.Thepassageindicatesthatprivacyis（

）.

2.Inline18,theunderlined”degree”mostnearlymeans

（

）.

3.Lines18-20("Ifwecontrol”)primarilyserveto

（

）.

4.Thestatementsinlines24-25(’’poison"facts”)isintendedtorepresentthepointofviewof

（

）.

5.Thepassageconcludesbysuggestingthatiftechnologyistohaveapositiveeffectonpeople’slives,then

（

）.

6.Theauthorsupportstheideathatprivacycanbeprotected（

）.

問題1選項

A.lessvaluedbypeoplethanitoncewas

B.difficulttomaintaininthecontemporaryworld

C.necessaryforindividualfreedom

D.astumblingblocktoeconomicgrowth

問題2選項

A.stage

B.sequence

C.measure

D.standing

問題3選項

A.introduceanadditionalpoint

B.discourageacourseofaction

C.questionadecision

D.illustrateaprecedingstatement

問題4選項

A.bigbusiness

B.environment

C.theauthor

D.thepublic

問題5選項

A.individualrightsmustbeexpanded

B.protectivemeasuresmustbetaken

C.technologicaladvancesmustbesupported

D.furtherresearchmustbefound

問題6選項

A.atamodestcosttomostbusiness

B.withthehelpofnewtechnologies

C.withoutgivingupvaluedservices

D.throughappropriategovernmentinterventions

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

【解析】1.文章第一句提到在未來，我們現(xiàn)在擁有的隱私都會消失（Inthefuturethelittleprivacywenowhavewillbegone.），未來將會有100臺電子監(jiān)視器不斷監(jiān)視和干擾我們的日常生活，對隱私的威脅根源于自由市場、先進的科學(xué)技術(shù)和電子信息交流（Itisinsteadafutureofahundredelectronicmonitorswhoconstantlywatchandinterruptourdailylives,andwherethreatstoprivacyfindtheirrootsinthefreemarket,advancedtechnology,andtheunbridledexchangeofelectronicinformation）。選項B“隱私在當(dāng)代世界很難維持”符合題意。

2.題干中的單詞出現(xiàn)在文章第三段第二句話Manypeopletodaysaythatinordertoenjoythebenefitsofmodemsociety,wemustnecessarilyrelinquishsomedegreeofprivacy（今天很多人說，為了享受現(xiàn)代社會的好處，我們必須放棄一定……隱私），由some這個詞可以推測這里指的是“一定程度上的隱私”。選項C符合題意，表示“程度；測量”。

3.文章第三段最后一句話Ifwewanttheconvenienceofpayingforamealbycreditcard,thenwemustaccepttheroutinecollectionofourpurchasesinalargedatabaseoverwhichwehavenocontrol提到如果我們想要用信用卡支付餐費的方便，那么我們必須在一個我們無法控制的大型數(shù)據(jù)庫中接受日常的采購收集。這個具體的例子是為了說明前文提到的“為了享受一些權(quán)益，我們必須放棄一定程度上的隱私”（Manypeopletodaysaythatinordertoenjoythebenefitsofmodemsociety,wemustnecessarilyrelinquishsomedegreeofprivacy）。選項D符合題意。

4.文章倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句話提到大企業(yè)的擁護者認為有毒的河流和湖泊是經(jīng)濟增長必須的代價。毒藥就是進步：那些反對的人是不了解這個事實（Then,advocatesofbigbusinesssaidthatpoisonedriversandlakeswerethenecessarycostsofeconomicdevelopment,jobs,andanimprovedstandardofliving.Poisonwasprogress:anybodywhoarguedotherwisesimplydidn’tunderstandthefact）。所以可以知道關(guān)于“毒藥”這些觀點是一些大企業(yè)的觀點，選項A符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提到可持續(xù)的發(fā)展取決于保護環(huán)境。為了從技術(shù)那獲得好處，利用技術(shù)來保護個人自由比以往任何時候更重要，因此，選項C“先進的技術(shù)必須得到支持”符合題意。

6.文章中提到今天的隱私戰(zhàn)爭是由科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展引起的，也提到可以通過利用一些技術(shù)來保護隱私，選項B符合題意。

6.翻譯題

“失落之城”馬丘比丘坐落在秘魯熱帶山地森林，直到1911年才被美國探險家海勒姆·賓厄姆發(fā)現(xiàn)。馬丘比丘海拔2430米，為熱帶森林所包圍。它可能是印加帝國全盛時期最輝煌的城市建筑，那巨大的城墻和梯田好像是在連綿的懸崖絕壁上自然形成的一樣。古城矗立在安第斯山脈東邊的斜坡上，環(huán)繞著亞馬孫河上游的盆地。馬丘比丘廢墟是世界上最美最神秘的古代遺址之一。早在15世紀初期，印加人就在那里建起數(shù)百座石建筑，傳說和神話表明馬丘比丘曾是一個圣地。古城廢墟有宮殿、洗浴室、寺廟、貯藏室和大約150間房子，皆保存完好。這些建筑均用山頂?shù)幕疑◢弾r雕筑而成，是建筑學(xué)和美學(xué)的奇跡。

【答案】MachuPicchu,alostcitylocatedinPeru'stropicalmountainforests,wasn'tdiscoveredbyAmericanexplorerHiramBinghamuntil1911.Itstands2,430mabovesea-level,andsurroundedbytropicalforests.ItwasprobablythemostgloriousurbanbuildinginthezenithofIncaEmpire;itsgiantwallsandterracesseemlikebeencutnaturallyinthecontinuousrockcliffs.Theancientcity,ontheeasternslopesoftheAndes,surroundsthebasininupperAmazonRiver.

TheruinsofMachuPicchuareoneofthemostbeautifulandmysteriousancientsitesintheworld.WhiletheIncapeopleerectedhundredsofstonestructurestherefromtheearly1400's,legendsandmythsindicatethatMachuPicchuwasasacredplace.Theruinshavepalaces,baths,temples,storageroomsandsome150houses,allinaremarkablestateofpreservation.Thesestructures,carvedfromthegraygraniteofthemountaintop,arewondersofbotharchitecturalandaestheticgenius.

7.單選題

Thedoctortoldmethemedicinecan（）myheadachewithoutdoingmeanyharm.

問題1選項

A.heal

B.improve

C.cure

D..treat

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生告訴我這種藥可以治愈我的頭痛而不傷害我。選項A，C，D均表示治療。heal多指創(chuàng)傷，外傷愈合；cure多指病后恢復(fù)健康；treat多指對傷口或者病情進行診斷，強調(diào)過程。所以選項C符合語境。

8.單選題

"Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?"

"Idon'tknow.Butit'sabouttime______onsomething."

問題1選項

A.I'ddecide

B.Idecided

C.Idecide

D.I'mdeciding

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Itisabouttimethat是一個虛擬語氣句型，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，that從句的謂語用一般過去時。因此B選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Thepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussed,whenthecongressisin（）againnextspring.

問題1選項

A.assembly

B.session

C.conference

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項assembly“集會；集合”；B選項session“會議；（法庭的）開庭；（議會等的）開會”；C選項conference“會議；協(xié)商”；D選項conventional“符合習(xí)俗的；慣例的”。句意：污染問題，還有其他幾個問題，將于明年春季代表……再次召開時討論。根據(jù)前面的介詞in可知空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入一個名詞，做thecongress“代表大會”的表語。由此可排除D選項。conference為正式用詞，一般指大型會議，各國之間的協(xié)商、會談等。assembly多指一個通常有許多人參加、計劃好的，為某一特殊目的而召集的會議。session一般指議會等召開的正式會議，也可指法庭之休庭期，會議之會期。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞again“再一次”，說明現(xiàn)在的會議已經(jīng)結(jié)束，需要等到下一個會期再進行討論，insession“會議期”。因此B選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Itisperhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereamazinglyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomparativelyrecenttimes,itwaspossibleforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfwithalmosteverybranchofknowledge.Thus,amanofgeniuslikeLeonardodaVinciengagedinmanycareersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusywithhisnumerousinventionsthathebarelyfoundthetimetocompletehispaintings.HecameveryneartofulfillingtheRenaissanceidealofthe"universalman",themanwhowasproficientateverything.Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.

Knowledgehasbecomedividedandsub-dividedintocountless,narrowly-definedcompartments.Thespecialistisrespected;theversatileperson,farfrombeingadmired,ismoreoftenregardedwithsuspicion.Themodemworldisaworldofhighly-skilled"experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownparticularsubjectislittlemorethanamoron,isamodemphenomenon;asisthemanofletterswhoisbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeintechnology.Similarly,specializationhasindirectlyaffectedquiteordinarypeopleineverywalkoflife.Manyactivitieswhichwereoncepursuedfortheirownsakes,areoftengivenupindespair;theyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Whylearntoplaythepiano,whenyoucanlistentotheworld'sgreatestpianistsinyourowndrawing-room?

Littlebylittle,wearebecomingmoreandmoreisolatedfromeachother.Itisalmostimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlythesameworkasyouare.TheRoyalSocietyinBritainincludesamongitsmembersonlythemosteminentscientistsinthecountry.Yetitishighlydisturbingtofindthatevenhere,asoneofitsmembersputit,atalectureonly10%ofthememberscanunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!

1.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

2.Theword"moron"(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestpossibletitleforthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,inordertostandout,ascientistshould（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.menofremarkableachievementsinthepastwereaccidentallyversatile

B.nogreatmaninthepastwasqualifiedasuniversalexceptdaVinci

C.nowadaysversatilemenaregenerallyhighlyregarded

D.nowadaysitisnearlyimpossibleforamantobeversatile

問題2選項

A.afoolishman

B.ahard-workingman

C.anexpert

D.amiserableman

問題3選項

A.HowtoBecomeaVersatileMan.

B.VersatileMen.

C.HowtoBecomeanIntelligentMan.

D.IntelligentMen.

問題4選項

A.engageinasmanycareersaspossible

B.becomeamemberoftheRoyalSociety

C.confinehimselftoalimitedareaofstudy

D.beawareofthegreatprogressinscienceandtechnology

問題5選項

A.DaVinciwastoobusywithhismanyinventionstofinishhispaintings.

B.Inthemodemworldamancanbecomeversatilewithoutpayingtheprice.

C.Nowadaysamanoflettersscarcelyknowsaboutthechangesintechnology.

D.DuringtheRenaissancemuchemphasiswasplacedonbeinguniversal.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)推理題。第一段的最后一句為本文的主旨句“Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.”這句話的潛在意思就是說:現(xiàn)在多才多藝的人越來越少。選項D符合原文。

2.語義題。原文中的分號,以及as說明,前后是同類事物的比較。根據(jù)下文的whoisbarelyawareof可知，moron表示的是"什么都不知道的人",所以選項A正確。原文句意：有些科學(xué)家在他自己的研究領(lǐng)域之外和白癡一樣。

3.全文主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講多才多藝的人，作者只是提出自己的看法，并沒有說如何成為一個多才多藝的人，所以選項B正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“..."experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.”科學(xué)們不得不把大部分的生命投入到一個非常有限的研究領(lǐng)域，以便與他們的同行競爭。選項C符合原文。

5.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.”這里采用雙重否定強調(diào)這一目標的實現(xiàn)需要付出相當(dāng)大的代價。所以選項B與原文不符。

11.翻譯題

過去，人們并沒有充分認識到污染給環(huán)境造成的影響。只是把它看成一種會熏黑房屋，弄臟河流的令人討厭的東西。

【答案】

Inthepast,peoplewerenotfullyawareoftheimpactofpollutionontheenvironment.Weregarditasanobnoxiousthingwhichcanblackenhouseanddirtyriver.

12.單選題

Sheoftensayshergreatesthappiness（

）servingthehandicappedchildren.

問題1選項

A.consistsin

B.relieson

C.composesof

D.comprisesin

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。consistin“在于”；relyon“依賴”；composeof“由······構(gòu)成”；comprisein“包括在”。句意：她經(jīng)常說她最大的幸福在于為殘疾兒童服務(wù)。選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

TheyhaveleftNewYork（

）good;they’llnevergobackandlivethereagain.

問題1選項

A.by

B.at

C.for

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他們永遠離開了紐約，再也不回去住了。

固定搭配。Forgood永遠。

14.單選題

Trafficscienceisoneofthosedisciplinesthatseemspermanentlypoisedonthevergeofabreakthrough.Professionaljournalsregularlypublishpromisingresearch,andthepresstrumpetstheirimportance.However,itturnsoutthattrafficisadeceptivelycomplicatedproblem.Itcouldbesaidtoresemblemolecularphysics,infact,sinceit’sasystemofindividualpracticesinteractingincomplexways.Except,withtraffic,theparticleshavemindsoftheirown.

Therearetwokindsoftrafficflow.Inuncongested,stableflows,carscanmoveatornearthespeedlimit,andindividualsareabletomoveinandoutoflanesorenterthehighwaysmoothly.Then,there’swhattrafficexpertscallthe“unstableregime,”whatlaypeoplerefertoasstop-and-gotraffic.Whatscientistshavefiguredoutoverthepastdecadeorsoiswhenandwhytrafficshiftsbetweenthetwo.

“Weseeinourmodelsthattrafficbecomeunstablewhenthenumberofcars(passingaspecificspot)perlaneperhourreachesbetween2,000and2,500.Atthatnominalcapacitylevel,trafficisverylikelytobecomeunstable,”saysHaniMahmassani,atrafficscientistatNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.

Consideraclassiccase.Aslow-movingcarshiftsintotheleftlanetopassanevenslower-movingcar.Thecarimmediatelybehindthelane-changerhastodeceleratedramatically—notjusttothespeedofthecarinfrontofhim,butslowenoughtocreateasafedrivingdistancebetweenthem.Thenextcarbackhastoslowdownevenmore,againtogiveitselfacushion.Thisslowdownripplebackthroughthelaneandeventuallyspreadsintotheotherlanesasnearbydriversnoticetheseaofbrakelightsandreflexivelyslowdown.Trafficresearchersrefertothisasashockwave,anditcantravelbackformiles.

Unfortunately,whilewe’vegottenreallygoodatunderstandingwhytrafficjamshappen,ourtoolstopreventthemareprettylimited.

First,wedon’thatespendingtimeinourcarsasmuchaswepretendto.“Becausebuildingmoreroadsdoesn’timprovetrafficflow,”saysChrisBarrett,aVirginiaTechprofessorwhoconstructstrafficmodelingsystems.“Ifyoudecreasetheamountoftimeittakestotravelacertaindistancetowork,peoplejustmovefartherawayfromtheiroffices.Itchangesbehaviorinanegativeway.”

Moreover,peoplehavestronglyresistedthebestcongestion-fightingtoolthatcanbeimmediatelyimplemented.EverytrafficexpertIspokewithpointedouttherunawaysuccessofLondon’scongestionpricingsystem.Driverswhowanttoentertheheartofthecityduringbusytimeshavetopay10pounds-about$16.Thesystemhasmadeahugedifferenceinreducingcongestion,andthecityisusingtheextrarevenuetorenovatethesubwayandaddbuses.

26.InParagraph1“trafficisadeceptivelycomplicatedproblem”meansthat______.

27.Accordingtothepassage,whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetrafficscience?

28.Whichofthefollowingstatementabout“shockwave”isCORRECT?

29.Whichofthefollowingtrafficjampreventiontoolsisbotheffectiveandrealistic?

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.itisconceptuallycomplicated

B.itpretendstobecomplicated

C.itscomplicationisconfusing

D.itscomplicationisdoubtful

問題2選項

A.Theformationmechanismoftrafficcongestionstillpuzzlesthescientists.

B.Trafficsciencestudiestheinteractionsofintelligentparticles.

C.Scientistshavemadesignificantbreakthroughsintrafficscience.

D.Thereisnosuchaboundarycapacitybeyondwhichtrafficflowswillbecomeunstable.

問題3選項

A.Itaffectsthelaneusedforovertakingcarsonly.

B.Itismorelikelytoappearinastabletrafficflow.

C.Itwillcausethelane-changertoslowdown.

D.Itisarippleeffectinitiatedbyaslow-movingcar.

問題4選項

A.Buildingmoreroads.

B.CongestionpricingsysteminLondon.

C.Adoptingself-drivingtechnologyoncars.

D.CongestiontaxationinWashingtonD.C.

問題5選項

A.Trafficsciencestrugglestokeepcarsflowing.

B.Trafficscienceprovedunreliableintrafficcontrol.

C.Trafficscientistsconstructtrafficmodelingsystems.

D.Trafficexpertssupportcongestionpricingsystem.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】26.【選項釋義】

26.InParagraph1“trafficisadeceptivelycomplicatedproblem”meansthat______.26.在第一段中，“交通是一個具有欺騙性的復(fù)雜問題”指的是______。

A.itisconceptuallycomplicatedA.它在概念上是復(fù)雜的

B.itpretendstobecomplicatedB.它假裝很復(fù)雜

C.itscomplicationisconfusingC.它的復(fù)雜性是令人困惑的

D.itscomplicationisdoubtfulD.它的復(fù)雜性值得懷疑

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干的信息可以定位至第一段最后三句“然而，事實證明，交通是一個看似復(fù)雜的問題（adeceptivelycomplicatedproblem）。事實上，它可以說類似于分子物理學(xué)（resemblemolecularphysics），因為它是一個以復(fù)雜方式相互作用的個體實踐系統(tǒng)?！保@表明交通科學(xué)的含義比較復(fù)雜，且令人困惑，故C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項表述不全面，以偏概全；

B選項中的pretend并不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

D選項中doubt也沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。

27.【選項釋義】

27.Accordingtothepassage,whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetrafficscience?27.根據(jù)文章，可以從交通科學(xué)中得出什么結(jié)論？

A.Theformationmechanismoftrafficcongestionstillpuzzlesthescientists.A.交通擁堵的形成機制仍然困擾著科學(xué)家們。

B.Trafficsciencestudiestheinteractionsofintelligentparticles.B.交通科學(xué)研究智能粒子之間的相互作用。

C.Scientistshavemadesignificantbreakthroughsintrafficscience.C.科學(xué)家們在交通科學(xué)方面取得了重大突破。

D.Thereisnosuchaboundarycapacitybeyondwhichtrafficflowswillbecomeunstable.D.沒有這樣一個邊界容量，超過這個邊界交通流量就會變得不穩(wěn)定。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位第二段最后一句“科學(xué)家們在過去十年左右的時間里弄清楚的是，交通在兩者之間何時以及為什么會發(fā)生變化”，以及第三段造成交通不穩(wěn)定的邊界容量，綜合可推知，科學(xué)家們在交通科學(xué)方面取得了一定的進展，C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項定位第五段“……我們非常擅長理解交通堵塞發(fā)生的原因（understandingwhytrafficjamshappen）……”可知，科學(xué)家們知道造成交通堵塞的原因，所以A選項屬于反向干擾；

B選項沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D選項定位第三段“我們從我們的模型中看到，當(dāng)每小時每條車道通過特定地點的汽車數(shù)量達到2000至2500輛時，交通就會變得不穩(wěn)定。在這種名義容量水平下，交通很可能變得不穩(wěn)定。”，可知，該項為反向干擾。

28.【選項釋義】

28.Whichofthefollowingstatementabout“shockwave”isCORRECT?28.下列關(guān)于“沖擊波”的陳述哪一個是正確的？

A.Itaffectsthelaneusedforovertakingcarsonly.A.它只影響用于超車的車道。

B.Itismorelikelytoappearinastabletrafficflow.B.它更有可能出現(xiàn)在穩(wěn)定的交通流中。

C.Itwillcausethelane-changertoslowdown.C.這會使變更車道者減速。

D.Itisarippleeffectinitiatedbyaslow-movingcar.D.這是一輛緩慢行駛的汽車引發(fā)的連鎖反應(yīng)。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到第四段，該段陳述了一個經(jīng)典案例：一輛開得很慢的汽車駛?cè)胱筌嚨?，超過一輛開得更慢的汽車。緊跟在換車道人后面的那輛車必須大幅減速，不僅要減速到與前車的速度相同，還要減速到與前車保持安全的行駛距離。下一輛后退的車不得不進一步減速，再次給自己一個緩沖。當(dāng)附近的司機注意到前面有一大片剎車燈，并反射性地減速時，這種減速效應(yīng)會波及到車道，最終擴散到其他車道。交通研究人員將其稱為沖擊波（shockwave），它可以向后傳播數(shù)英里。那么從這個案例我們可以知道，shockwave指的就是最開始的一輛汽車在緩慢行駛時引發(fā)的一系列反應(yīng)，故D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項中的only不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

B選項沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C選項只是D選項中的一部分，屬于以偏概全。

29.【選項釋義】

29.Whichofthefollowingtrafficjampreventiontoolsisbotheffectiveandrealistic?29.以下哪一種交通堵塞預(yù)防工具既有效又現(xiàn)實？

A.Buildingmoreroads.A.建造更多的道路。

B.CongestionpricingsysteminLondon.B.倫敦交通擁堵收費系統(tǒng)。

C.Adoptingself-drivingtechnologyoncars.

C.在汽車上采用自動駕駛技術(shù)。

D.CongestiontaxationinWashingtonD.C.D.華盛頓特區(qū)的交通擁堵稅。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位最后一段第二句“倫敦的擁堵收費系統(tǒng)取得了巨大成功（therunawaysuccessofLondon’scongestionpricingsystem）”，以及最后一句“該系統(tǒng)在緩解擁堵方面發(fā)揮了巨大作用（hasmadeahugedifferenceinreducingcongestion），該市正利用額外收入翻新地鐵和增加公交車”，由此可知，倫敦的擁堵收費系統(tǒng)對于交通堵塞預(yù)防很有效，B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項定位倒數(shù)第二段第一句“因為修建更多的道路并不能改善交通流量（buildingmoreroadsdoesn’timprovetrafficflow）”，以及第二句“如果你減少通勤時間，人們就會搬到離辦公室更遠的地方”，可知，如果修建更多的道路，人們的通勤時間減少，那么人們會搬到離辦公室更遠的地方，從而交通堵塞問題還是存在，所以該項為反向干擾；

C、D選項并沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

30.【選項釋義】

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?30.這篇文章的主旨是什么？

A.Trafficsciencestrugglestokeepcarsflowing.A.交通科學(xué)努力使汽車保持流動。

B.Trafficscienceprovedunreliableintrafficcontrol.B.交通科學(xué)在交通控制中被證明是不可靠的。

C.Trafficscientistsconstructtrafficmodelingsystems.C.交通科學(xué)家構(gòu)建交通建模系統(tǒng)。

D.Trafficexper