考研考博-英語-南昌航空大學科技學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南昌航空大學科技學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thesegoodsare（）forexport,thoughafewofthemmaybesoldonthehomemarket.

問題1選項

A.essentially

B.completely

C.necessarily

D.remarkably

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項essentially“基本地”；B選項completely“完全地”；C選項necessarily“必要地”；D選項remarkably“顯著地”。句意：這些貨物主要用于出口，但也有一些可能在國內市場銷售。本句表示貨物基本上用于出口，部分在國內銷售。因此A選項正確。

2.翻譯題

無比強大的科技很快就將完全改變我們的生活。這可能會產生危險的后果，尤其是因為我們可能不懂背后的基礎科學。我們的科技能力和對科學的基本理解之間的差距愈發(fā)加大。我們借助于未來科技可以從事非常巧妙的事情，而不必理解基本的科學，這是很危險的。

未來的一百年中特別危險的技術是納米技術、人工智能和生物技術。它們帶來的好處不容置疑，但它們潛在的危險很大。在人工智能領域，到2010年比人腦聰明500億倍的東西原型設計已經出現。電影《終結者》（Terminator）中唯一不可能實現的事是人類獲勝。假如你在和比自己聰明得多的技術對抗，你可能不會取勝。我們都聽說過灰色粘質（greygoo）問題，能自我復制的納米技術裝置不停地復制，直到世界淪為黏糊糊的質體（stickygoo）。無疑在生物技術方面，我們真的有個大問題，因為它在與納米技術合流。一旦把納米技術和有機體相結合，就有了納米技術制造的細菌，我們能夠比《星際迷航》中的博格飛船（theBorginStarTrek）旅行得更遠，但那些超人生物體可能對我們并不太友好。

我們所處的世界科學與商業(yè)日益結盟。在全球自由貿易體制的環(huán)境中，技術正在發(fā)展，這種體制認為技術的傳播與商業(yè)結合實質上是件好事。我們應該做好準備，迎接圍繞新興技術而展開的前所未有的爭論。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Verysoon,unimaginablypowerfultechnologieswillremakeourlives.Thiscouldhavedangerousconsequences,especiallybecausewemaynotevenunderstandthebasicscienceunderlyingthem.There’sagrowinggapbetweenourtechnologicalcapabilityandourunderlyingscientificunderstanding.Wecandoverycleverthingswiththetechnologyofthefuturewithoutnecessarilyunderstandingsomeofbasicscience,andthatisverydangerous.

Thetechnologiesthatareparticularlydangerousoverthenexthundredyearsarenanotechnology,artificialintelligenceandbiotechnology.Thebenefitstheywillbringarebeyonddoubtbuttheyarepotentiallyverydangerous.Inthefieldofartificialintelligencethereareprototypedesignsforsomethingthatmightbe50000milliontimessmarterthanthehumanbrainbytheyear2010.TheonlythingnotfeasibleinthefilmTerminatoristhatthepeoplewin.Ifyou’refightingagainsttechnologythatismuchsmarterthanyou,youprobablywillnotwin.We’veallheardoftheissueaboutgreygoothatself-replicatingnanotechdevicesmightkeeponreplicatinguntiltheworldhasbeenreducedtostickygoo.Certainlyinbiotechnology,we’vereallygotabigproblembecauseit’sconvergingwithnanotechnology.Onceyoustartmixingnanotechwithorganismsandyoustartfeedingnanotech-enabledbacteria,wecangomuchfurtherthantheBorginStarTrek,andthosesuperhumanorganismsmightnotlikeusverymuch.

Weareinaworldnowwherescienceandcommerceareincreasinglybedfellows.Thedevelopmentoftechnologyishappeninginthecontextofglobalfreetraderegimeswhichseetechnologicaldiffusionembeddedwithcommerceasintrinsicallyagood.Weshouldpreparefornewandunfamiliarformsofargumentaroundemergingtechnologies.

3.翻譯題

大學之所以有理由存在，是因為它使老少兩代人在富于想象力的學習中，保持了知識與生活熱情之間的聯系。大學提供信息，但它是富于想象地提供信息。至少，這是它應該為社會發(fā)揮的作用。一所大學如果做不到這一點，就沒有理由存在。富于想象的思維可以營造出一種令人興奮的氛圍，而這種氛圍又可以轉化知識。事實不再只是純粹的事實，它被賦予了種種可能性。它不再是記憶的負擔，而是充滿活力，猶如能描繪我們夢境的詩人，能實現我們意圖的建筑師。

【答案】Thejustificationforauniversityisthatitpreservestheconnectionbetweenknowledgeandthezestoflife,byunitingtheyoungandtheoldintheimaginativeconsiderationoflearning.Theuniversityimpartsinformation,butitimpartsitimaginatively.Atleast,thisisthefunctionwhichitshouldperformforsociety.Auniversitywhichfailsinthisrespecthasnoreasonforexistence.Thisatmosphereofexcitement,arisingfromimaginativeconsideration,transformsknowledge.Afactisnolongerabarefact:itisinvestedwithallitspossibilities.Itisnolongeraburdenonthememory:itisenergizingasthepoetofourdreams,andasthearchitectofourpurposes.

4.單選題

Bythetimethetourends,thefootballteam（）twentymatchesinfourcountries.

問題1選項

A.willplay

B.willbeplaying

C.willhaveplayed

D.willhavebeenplaying

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法時態(tài)。根據前一句Bythetimethetourends“到巡回賽結束時”，表示巡回賽還在進行，By接的是將來的時間，那么主句也需要用將來完成時。將來完成時的構成willhavedone。句意：到巡回賽結束時，足球隊將在4個國家踢20次比賽。因此C選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Youhavenothingto（）byrefusingtolistentoouradvice.

問題1選項

A.gain

B.win

C.reach

D.profit

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項gain“獲得；增加”；B選項win“贏”；C選項reach“達到；延伸”；D選項profit“獲利；有益”。句意：你不聽我們的建議對你……。由固定搭配Youhavenothingtogain（你沒有好處）結合此處語境，A選項正確。

6.單選題

ItisunderstoodthatthefilmingofLegendsisalmostcompleteandthefilmisnot（）tobedelayed.

問題1選項

A.easy

B.available

C.possible

D.likely

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。根據句意：據了解，《傳奇》的拍攝工作已經基本完成，不可能會推遲。benotlikelyto是固定用法，意為“不可能”，所以選項D正確。

7.單選題

EventhepresidentisnotreallytheCEO.Nooneis.Powerinacorporationisconcentratedandverticallystructured.PowerinWashingtonis（

）andhorizontallyspreadout.

問題1選項

A.prudent

B.reversible

C.diffuse

D.mandatory

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項prudent“謹慎的；精明的；節(jié)儉的”；B選項reversible“可逆的；可撤銷的；可反轉的”；C選項diffuse“彌漫的，散開的”；D選項mandatory“強制的；托管的”。句意：甚至總統(tǒng)也不是真正的CEO。沒有人是。公司的權力集中在垂直結構上。華盛頓的權力是……并且橫向分散的。由前后句意對比可知，此處應表示華盛頓權力的結構是分散的，水平的。因此C選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Childhoodmemoirsoftengaintheirpoignancythroughasenseofdisplacement:eachlessonisaccompaniedbyalossof（）.

問題1選項

A.perspective

B.innocence

C.permission

D.veracity

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：童年記憶經常由于取代感而更加哀傷，每一次教訓都伴隨著

的丟失。

perspective洞察力，看法；innocence純潔，純真；permission允許，許可；veracity誠實，真實。故選B。

9.單選題

Shouldeitherofthesesituationsoccur,wrongcontrolactionsmightbetakenandapotentialaccidentsequenceinitiated.

問題1選項

A.imported

B.installed

C.started

D.interviewed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果發(fā)生這兩種情況之一，可能會采取錯誤的控制措施，并且潛在的事故序列會被……。import“輸入，引進”；install“安裝，設置”；start“啟動，開始”；interview“采訪，接見；面試”。根據“apotentialaccidentsequence”可推測劃線單詞的意思是“啟動，開始”，因此選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

A“scientific”viewoflanguagewasdominantamongphilosophersandlinguistswhoaffectedtodevelopascientificanalysisofhumanthoughtandbehaviorintheearlypartofthiscentury.Undertheforceofthisview,itwasperhapsinevitablethattheartofrhetoricshouldpassfromthestatusofbeingregardedasofquestionableworth(becausealthoughitmightbebothasourceofpleasureandameanstourgepeopletorightaction,itmightalsobeameanstodistorttruthandasourceofmisguidedaction)tothestatusofbeingwhollycondemned.Ifpeopleareregardedonlyasmachinesguidedbylogic,astheywerebythese“scientific”thinkers,rhetoricislikelytobeheldinlowregard;forthemostobvioustruthaboutrhetoricisthatitspeakstothewholeperson.Itpresentsitsargumentsfirsttothepersonasarationalbeing,becausepersuasivediscourse,ifhonestlyconceived,alwayshasabasisinreasoning.Logicalargumentistheplot,asitwere,ofanyspeechoressaythatisrespectfullyintendedtopersuadepeople.Yetitisacharacterizingfeatureofrhetoricthatitgoesbeyondthisandappealstothepartsofournaturethatareinvolvedinfeeling,desiring,acting,andsuffering.Itrecallsrelevantinstancesoftheemotionalreactionsofpeopletocircumstances—realorfictional—thataresimilartoourowncircumstances.Suchisthepurposeofbothhistoricalaccountsandfablesinpersuasivediscourse:theyindicateliterallyorsymbolicallyhowpeoplemayreactemotionally,withhopeorfear,toparticularcircumstances.Aspeechattemptingtopersuadepeoplecanachievelittleunlessittakesintoaccounttheaspectoftheirbeingrelatedtosuchhopesandfears.

Rhetoric,then,isaddressedtohumanbeingslivingatparticulartimesandinparticularplaces.Fromthepointofviewofrhetoric,wearenotmerelylogicalthinkingmachines,creaturesabstractedfromtimeandspace.Thestudyofrhetoricshouldthereforebeconsideredthemosthumanisticofthehumanities,sincerhetoricisnotdirectedonlytoourrationalselves.Ittakesintoaccountwhatthe“scientific”viewleavesout.Ifitisaweaknesstoharborfeelings,thenrhetoricmaybethoughtofasdealinginweakness.Butthosewhorejecttheideaofrhetoricbecausetheybelieveitdealsinliesandwhoatthesametimehopetomovepeopletoaction,musteitherbeliarsthemselvesorbeverynaive;purelogichasneverbeenamotivatingforceunlessithasbeensubordinatedtohumanpurposes,feelings,anddesires,andtherebyceasedtobepurelogic.

1.Accordingtothepassage,torejectrhetoricandstillhopetopersuadepeopleis（）

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthelatenineteenthcenturyrhetoricwasregardedas（）

3.ThepassagesuggeststhataspeechthatattemptstopersuadepeopletoactislikelytofailifitdoesNOT（）

4.WhichofthefollowingpersuasivedevicesisNOTusedinthepassage？

5.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'smainpointaboutlogicalargument？

問題1選項

A.anaimofmostspeakersandwriters

B.anindicationeitherofdishonestyorofcredulity

C.awayofdisplayingdistrustoftheaudience‘smotives

D.acharacteristicofmosthumanisticdiscourse

問題2選項

A.theonlynecessaryelementofpersuasivediscourse

B.adubiousartinatleasttwoways

C.anoutmodedandtediousamplificationoflogic

D.anopenoffensetotherationalmind

問題3選項

A.distortthetruthalittletomakeitmoreacceptabletotheaudience

B.appealtotheself-interestaswellasthehumanitarianismoftheaudience

C.addresslisteners'emotionsaswellastheirintellects

D.concedethelogicofotherpointsofview

問題4選項

A.Asampleofanactualspeechdeliveredbyanorator.

B.Thecontrastofdifferentpointsofview.

C.Therepetitionofkeyideasandexpressions.

D.Ananalogythatseekstoexplainlogicalargument.

問題5選項

A.Itisasterile,abstractdiscipline,oflittleuseinreallife.

B.Itisanessentialelementofpersuasivediscourse,butonlyonesuchelement.

C.Itisanimportantmeansofpersuadingpeopletoactagainsttheirdesires.

D.Itisthelowestorderofdiscoursebecauseitistheleastimaginative.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:根據最后一段的最后一句“Butthosewho...verynaive;”但那些認為修辭是在說謊而拒絕使用修辭的人，同時又希望說服別人采取行動的人，要么是騙子，要么就是天真的人。選項B中的不誠實和易上當受騙的人與之相對應，所以正確。

第2題:根據第一段的第二句“Undertheforce...whollycondemned.”在這種觀點的影響下，修辭藝術可能不可避免地要從被認為具有可疑價值的地位過渡到被完全譴責的地位。所以，選項B符合原文。

第3題:根據第一段的最后一句，一篇試圖說服人們的演講，如果不考慮到他們與這些希望和恐懼有關的方面，是不會有什么結果的。選項C正確。

第4題:試題分析：結合全文內容可知，文中并沒有提到演說者演說的實際例子，所以本題選A。

第5題:根據第一段“Logicalargumentistheplot,asitwere,ofanyspeechoressaythatisrespectfullyintendedtopersuadepeople.Yetitisacharacterizingfeatureofrhetoricthatitgoesbeyondthis...”邏輯論證就像任何演講或文章的情節(jié)一樣，都是有禮貌地試圖說服人們的。然而，它只是修辭的一個特點，并且超越了這一點。選項B符合原文。

11.單選題

Nick’snewnovelprovesheisn’tjustaflashinthe（）.

問題1選項

A.sky

B.pan

C.house

D.dark

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。aflashinthepan“曇花一現，轉瞬即逝，多用來形容某事持續(xù)時間短”。句意：尼克的新小說證明他并不是曇花一現。因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

Mybosshasalwaysattendedtothe___ofimportantbusinesshimself.

問題1選項

A.transaction

B.stimulation

C.transition

D.solution

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項transaction“交易；事務；辦理；會報，學報”；B選項stimulation“刺激；激勵，鼓舞”；C選項transition“過渡；轉變；[分子生物]轉換；變調”；D選項solution“解決方案；溶液；溶解；解答”。句意：我的老板總是親自處理重要事務。A選項正確。

13.單選題

Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththis（

）ideaaboutthetrip.

問題1選項

A.weary

B.twilight

C.unanimous

D.weird

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:沒有人知道他是怎么想出這么一個旅行點子。

weary:疲倦的，使人厭煩的。twilight:虛幻的，暮年的。unanimous:意見一致的。weird:怪異的，不可思議的。故D項符合句意。

14.單選題

Theresearchrequiresmoremoneythan（

）.

問題1選項

A.havebeenputin

B.hasbeenputin

C.beingputin

D.tobeputin

【答案】B

【解析】句意:該研究需要的經費比己經投入的經費要多。

語法題。考查現在完成時態(tài)。由句中關鍵詞“requires”為一般現在時態(tài)知“錢的被投入屬于己經發(fā)生的動作”，再由“money錢”表示單數知B項“hasbeenputin（這里has前面省略了關系代詞that）”正確。

15.單選題

I’msorryI’mlate—Ihadamental（

）andforgetthatwewouldhaveameetingtoday.

問題1選項

A.aberration

B.perversion

C.imbalance

D.sanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。aberration“神經迷亂；離開正路；越軌”；perversion“反常，顛倒，曲解”；imbalance“不平衡，不安定”；sanity“明智，頭腦清楚”。句意：很抱歉我遲到了。我有點精神恍惚忘記了今天還有個會議。選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

Don'tbehardonLilly.Sheis（

）andshemaystarttocry.

問題1選項

A.sophisticated

B.sympathetic

C.sensitive

D.sensible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sophisticated意為“老練的，見過世面的”；sympathetic意為“同情的，有同情心的”；sensitive意為“敏感的，易受影響的”；sensible意為“理智的，明智的”。

句意：別對莉莉太苛刻。她很敏感，她可能會哭了。

17.單選題

Theseveranceofchurchandstateisabasicprincipleofthatgovernment.

問題1選項

A.coalition

B.separation

C.succession

D.interchangeability

【答案】B

【解析】severance意為分離，隔離。coalition聯合，合并；separation分離，間隔；succession連續(xù)，繼位；interchangeability可交換性。選項B與之意思相近。

18.單選題

Mr.Coleman,presidentoftheCollegeBoard,announcednewprogramstohelplow-incomestudents,whowillnowbegiven（）allowingthemtoapplytofourcollegesatnocharge.

問題1選項

A.scholarships

B.tuitionfee

C.loans

D.feewaivers

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。scholarship“獎學金，學問”；tuitionfee“學費”；loan“貸款”；feewaiver“免除費用”。句意：這些學生將被給予免除費用的待遇，將允許他們允許免費申請四所大學。選項D符合題意。

19.單選題

Wemusteffectivelypromotethe______ofhungerbecauseeverydayinAfricaandinmanyareasinAsiachildrenaredyingofhunger.

問題1選項

A.awareness

B.pressure

C.consciousness

D.relief

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。awareness“意識”，指人對某事物的認識；pressure“壓力”；consciousness“意識”，指人的清醒程度；relief“減輕，救濟”。句意：我們必須要提高對饑餓的認識，因為在非洲和亞洲許多地區(qū)每天都有孩子死于饑餓。選項A符合題意。

20.填空題

AfterI（1）theuniversityentranceexam,Iwasextremelyupset,becauseIwasalmostsureIhad（2）thetest.Tomy（3）,it（

4）outthatIhadgottenthehighestscoreintheprovince!

句意:大學入學考試考完，我感到非常沮喪，因為我?guī)缀醮_信自己考試沒有通過。然而令我感到意外的是自己最后的實際成績是省里的最高分。

【答案】1.finished

2.failed

3.surprise

4.tumed

【解析】1.語義題。句意為高考結束，動詞finish合適，根據時態(tài)為過去式，故用finished。

2.固定搭配。failtheexam考試失敗。這里用過去完成時。

3.固定搭配。toone’ssurprise令某人驚訝的是。

4.固定搭配。Itturnsoutthat結果是…。

21.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

問題1選項

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你的建議對他非常有價值，因為他現在不知道該先做什么。

考查副詞辨析。exceedingly極其，非常，特別；excessively過分地，極度；extensively廣―闊地，廣大地：exclusively唯一地，獨占地。后面從句說到:因為他現在不知道該先做什么，因此前面應該在說“你的建議對他非常有價值”。

22.單選題

Asfewhouseholdappliancesarenowperfect,thisminordefectisnegligible.

問題1選項

A.detectable

B.trifling

C.inexcusable

D.magnificent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項detectable“可檢測的；可發(fā)覺的”；B選項trifling“微不足道的；輕浮的”；C選項inexcusable“不可原諒的；沒法辯解的；不可寬恕的”；D選項magnificent“高尚的；壯麗的；華麗的；宏偉的”。句意：由于現在很少有家用電器是完美的，這個小小的缺陷是可以忽略不計的。結合此處關鍵詞minor（微小的），得知B選項正確。

23.問答題

Theanswerliessomewhereintherealmofideology,inEuropeanattitudesnotjusttowarddefensespendingbuttowardpoweritself.ImportantasthepowergaphasbeeninshapingtherespectivestrategicculturesoftheUnitedStatesandEurope,ifthedisparityofmilitarycapabilitiesweretheonlyproblem,thesolutionwouldbefairlystraightforward.Withahighlyeducatedandproductivepopulationofalmost400millionpeopleanda$9trillioneconomy,EuropetodayhasthewealthandtechnologicalcapabilitytomakeitselfmoreofaworldpowerinmilitarytermsifEuropeanswantedtobecomethatkindofworldpower.Theycouldeasilyspendtwiceasmuchastheyarecurrentlyspendingondefenseiftheybelieveditnecessarytodoso.AndclosingthepowergapbetweentheUnitedStatesandEuropewouldprobablygosomewaytowardclosingthegapinstrategicperceptions.

ThereisacynicalviewcurrentinAmericanstrategiccirclesthattheEuropeanssimplyenjoythe"freeride"theyhavegottenundertheAmericansecurityumbrellaoverthepastsixdecades.GivenAmerica'swillingnesstospendsomuchmoneyprotectingthem,Europeanswouldratherspendtheirownmoneyonsocialwelfareprograms,longvacations,andshorterworkweeks.Butthereismoretothetransatlanticgulfthanagapinmilitarycapabilities,andwhileEuropemaybeenjoyingafreerideintermsofglobalsecurity,thereismoretoEurope'sunwillingnesstobuildupitsmilitarypowerthancomfortwiththepresentAmericanguarantee.Afterall,theUnitedStatesinthe19IhcenturywasthebeneficiaryoftheBritishnavy'sdominanceoftheAtlanticandtheCaribbean.ButthatdidnotstoptheUnitedStatesfromengaginginitsownpeacetimenavalbuildupinthe1880sand1890s,abuildupthatequippedittolaunchandwintheSpanish-Americanwar,acquirethePhilippines,andbecomeaworldpower.Late-nineteenth-centuryAmericansdidnottakecomfortfromtheirsecurity;theywereambitiousformorepower.

Europeanstodayarenotambitiousforpower,andcertainlynotformilitarypower.Europeansoverthepasthalfcenturyhavedevelopedagenuinelydifferentperspectiveontheroleofpowerininternationalrelations,aperspectivethatspringsdirectlyfromtheiruniquehistoricalexperiencesincetheendofWorldWarII.Theyhaverejectedthepowerpoliticsthatbroughtthemsuchmiseryoverthepastcenturyandmore.ThisisaperspectiveonpowerthatAmericansdonotandcannotshare,inasmuchastheformativehistoricalexperiencesontheirsideoftheAtlantichavenotbeenthesame.ConsideragainthequalitiesthatmakeuptheEuropeanstrategicculture:theemphasisonnegotiation,diplomacy,andcommercialties,oninternationallawovertheuseofforce,onseductionovercoercion,onmultilateralismoverunilateralism.ItistruethatthesearenottraditionallyEuropeanapproachestointernationalrelationswhenviewedfromalonghistoricalperspective.ButtheyareaproductofmorerecentEuropeanhistory.ThemodernEuropeanstrategicculturerepresentsaconsciousrejectionoftheEuropeanpast,arejectionoftheevilsofEuropeanMahtlpolilik.

1.Whatmightbethequestionraisedpriortothefirstparagraphofthepassage?

2.WhathavemadeitdifficulttoredressthemilitaryimbalancesbetweentheUnitedStatesandEurope?

3.Whatdoesthephrase“freeride”implyhere?

4.Whatdoesthephrase“thetransatlanticgulf”referto?

5.WhydoAmericansandEuropeansthinkaboutpowersodifferently?

【答案】1.Europemaybeenjoyingafreerideintermsofglobalsecurity,thereismoretoEurope'sunwillingnesstobuildupitsmilitarypowerthancomfortwiththepresentAmericanguarantee.

2.EuropeanshavegottenundertheAmericansecurityumbrella.

3.EuropeansenjoythestatementofbeingsecuredbytheUnitedStated.

4.ItrefersthatAmericawasambitiousformorepower.

5.Becauseoftheirdifferenthistoricalexperiences.

24.單選題

Weallknowthatitisveryhardto（

）himtogivehisplanup.

問題1選項

A.endeavor

B.reduce

C.assert

D.induce

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:我們都知道很難讓他放棄他的計劃。

endeavor努力；盡力。reduce減少；降低；使處于；把...分解；歸納為。assert維護，堅持；斷言；主張；聲稱。induce誘導；引起；引誘；感應。

25.單選題

InthefaceofanuncooperativeCongress,theChiefExecutivemayfindhimself（

）toaccomplishthepoliticalprogramtowhichheiscommitted.

問題1選項

A.neutral

B.impotent

C.impudent

D.pious

【答案】B

【解析】neutral中立的；impotent無力的，無效的；impudent魯莽的，無禮的；pious虔誠的，盡責的。句意：面對不合作的國會，行政長官可能會發(fā)現自己無力完成他所承諾的政治計劃。選項B符合句意。

26.單選題

6.

問題1選項

A.2.6

B.3.5

C.3.9

D.136

【答案】D

【解析】W:Hello,Eric,whatcanIdoforyou?

M:Iwaswonderingifyouhadtheresults.

W:Oh,yes,theresults.We’vegotthem.

M:Great.

W:Herewego.Urea(尿素)2.6,Sodium(鈉)136,andPotassium(鉀)3.9.

M:3.5.

W:No,that’s3.9

Q:Whatistheman’ssodiumlevel?

【解析】細節(jié)題。女士說：Sodium（鈉）136，故選D。

27.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingTEXTintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

在一般人的觀念中，中國傳統(tǒng)文化和現代生活似乎是兩個截然不同而且相互對立的實體。前者是中國幾千年積累下來的舊文化傳統(tǒng)，后者則是近百余年才出現的一套新的生活方式，而且源于西方。所以這兩者的沖突實質上也被理解為西方現代文化對中國傳統(tǒng)文化的沖擊與挑戰(zhàn)。

在這個一般的理解之下產生種種不同的觀點與態(tài)度，但大體上可以分為兩個方向，一方面是擁抱西方文化，認為中國傳統(tǒng)文化是現代生活的阻礙，另一方面則極力維護傳統(tǒng)，視西方的現代生活破壞了傳統(tǒng)的道德秩序。在這兩種極端的態(tài)度之間當然還存在著不同程度及模式各異的調和論。實際上，中國傳統(tǒng)文化與現代生活并不是兩個不相干也不是相互排斥對立的實體?！艾F代生活”即是中國傳統(tǒng)文化在現代的具體轉變。中國傳統(tǒng)文化的現代轉變使其已經脫離了舊的軌道，并且不可否認地受到了西方文化的重大影響。但現代文化并不等同于西方文化，我們所接納的科技以及制度層面上的西方文化并不會觸及中國傳統(tǒng)文化的價值系統(tǒng)的核心部分。

【答案】Undersuchageneralcomprehension,variousviewsandattitudeshavearisen.Buttheycanroughlybedividedintotwodifferentdirections:oneistoembracewesternculture,regardingtraditionalChinesecultureasahindrancetomodernlife;theotherstrivestomaintaintradition,believingthatthewesternmodernlifehasbrokenthetraditionalmoralorder.Betweenthesetwoextremesofattitude,ofcourse,thereareavarietyofopinionsindifferentdegreesandpatterns.Infact,Chinesetraditionalcultureandmodernlifeareneithermutuallyexclusivenoropposingentities.“Modernlife”istheconcretetransformationofChinesetraditionalcultureinmoderntimes.ThemoderntransformationofChinesetraditionalculturehasalreadydeviateditselfawayfromtheoldtrackandundeniablysufferedthesubstantialinfluencesfromwesternculture.

28.單選題

Plato’sRepublichasbeenthesourceofgreatconsternation,especiallyinliterarycircles,foritsattackonthepoets.Socratesinfactassertsthattheyshouldhavenoplaceintheidealstate.EricHavelocksuggeststhatthereareseveralmisunderstandingsinthisregard,andinhisPrefacetoPlatoheidentifiestheissues,andexplainsthehistoricalcontext.

HavelockopenshisdiscussionbysuggestingthattheverytitleoftheRepublicisthesourceofmuchconfusion.Thebookiscommonlyunderstoodtobeatreatiseontheidealpoliticalentity,butevenacasualanalysiswillshowthatonlyone-thirdofthetextisconcernedwithstatecraft.Theothertwo-thirdscoveravarietyofsubjects,butthethrustofPlato’sargumentamountstoanattackonthetraditionalGreekapproachtoeducation.

Theeducationalmethodsstillinuseinthe4thcenturyBChadtheiroriginsinwhathasbeencalledtheGreekDarkAgebeginningaround1200BCwhentheMycenaeaneracollapsed.Verylittleisknownaboutthewhysandwhereforesofthiscollapse,butitwasn’tuntilaround700BCthatthePhoenicianalphabetbegantobeadoptedandusedintheGreek-speakingworld.Duringtheinterveningcenturies,allknowledgeconcerningGreekhistory,culture,moresandlawswereorallytransmitteddownthroughthegenerations.Themosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformationwasrhyme.TheepicformweseeinHomer’sIliadgrewoutoftheneedtopreservetheGreekculturalmemory.HavelocktakesthereaderthroughBook1ofTheIliadanddissectsitin

detailtoshowhowthiscultural,historicalandethicalheritagewasconveyed.TheIliadtakesonnewandsignificantmeaningtothereaderofthisminuteexamination.

TheIliadandpresumablyotherpoeticvehiclesweretaughttochildrenfromanearlyage.ThewholeoftheGreek-speakingworldwasimmersedintheprojectofmemorizing,andoutofthemassesarosethoseindividualswithsuperiormemoriesandtheatricalskillswhobecamethenextgenerationofminstrelsandteachers.Educationwasthuscomprisedofmemorizationandrotelearning,andthepeopleenjoyedconstantremindersthroughpublicreadingsandfestivals.

Plato’sfocusintheRepublicandelsewhereisonHomerandHesiodandtosomeextentthedramatistswhichatthetimewerethecenterpiecesoftheeducationalregime.Theirworkspresentedgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.TheoverallresultisthattheGreekadolescentiscontinuallyconditionedtoanattitudewhichatbottomiscynical.Itismoreimportanttokeepupappearancesthantopracticethereality.Decorumanddecentbehaviorarenotobviouslyviolated,buttheinnerprincipleofmoralityis.OncetheRepublicisviewedasacritiqueoftheeducationalregime,Havelocksaysthatthelogicofitstotalorganizationbecomesclear.

WhatPlatowasrailingagainstwasan“oralstateofmind”whichseemstohavepersistedeventhoughthealphabetandwrittendocumentationhadbeeninuseforthreecenturies.IlliteracywasthusstillawidespreadprobleminPlato’stime,andthepoeticstateofmindwasthemainobstacletoscientificrationalismandanalysis.ThisiswhyPlatoregardedthepoeticororalstateofmindasthearch-enemy.Inhisteachingshedidtheopposite.Heaskedhisstudentsto“thinkaboutwhattheyweresayinginsteadofjustsayingit.’’Theepichadbecome,inPlato’sview,not“anactofcreationbutanactofreminderandrecall”andcontributedtowhatHavelockterms“theHomericstateofmind.”ItwasSocrates’project(andbyextensionPlato’s)toreformGreekeducationtoencouragethinkingandanalysis.Thusalltherantingandrailingaboutthe“poets”inPlato’sRepublicwaslimitedbasicallytoHomerandHesiodbecauseofwhatheviewedasawhollyinadequateapproachtoeducationofwhichtheseparticularpoetswereanintegralpart.

Unfortunately,WesternculturehasmisconstruedwhatPlatoandSocratesmeantby“thepoets”.Andbecauseweviewpoetryasahighlycreativeandelevatedformofexpression,ourcriticshavefailedtorecognizethatPlato’sdiatribehadaveryspecificandlimitedtargetwhichhadnothingtodowithhigh-mindedcreativity,ofwhichthereisplenty,bytheway,intheproscribedpoets.Itwasn’treallythepoetswhoweretheproblem;itwastheuseofthemthatwasdeemedunacceptable.

Post-Havelock，wecannowreadtheRepublicwiththescalesliftedfromoureyesandseeitforwhatitreallywas:anindictmentofanantiquatededucationalregimewhichhadnoplaceinademocraticsociety.

1.ThemistakenunderstandingofPlato’sRepublicconsistsinthewidespreadbeliefthatitconsistsof（

）.

2.AccordingtoHavelock,Plato’sangerwiththepoetsarosefrom:

I:Theirrepresentationofgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.

II:Theirtransmissionofculture,moresandlaws.

3.Priortothe4thcenturyBC,recitationwasconsideredthebesteducationalmethodbecause

（

）.

4.InPlato’sdiatribethepoeticororalstateofmindisthearch-enemyof

（

）.

5.Acommoncritiqueofthepresent-dayChineseeducationalsystemresemblestheeducationalsystemthatPlatofulminatedagainstinthatitoften（

）.

問題1選項

A.literarycriticism

B.atreatiseontheidealpolity

C.acritiqueofrationalism

D.anindictmentofanobsoletepedagogy

問題2選項

A.I.

B.II.

C.BothIandII.

D.NeitherInorII.

問題3選項

A.poetrywasseenasahighlycreativeandelevatedformofexpression

B.rhymewasthemosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformation

C.therewasnowritingsystem

D.thepeopleenjoyedconstantremindersthroughpublicreadingsandfestivals

問題4選項

A.democraticsociety

B.theMycenaeanRepublic

C.thePhoenicians

D.literacy

問題5選項

A.asksstudentstothinkaboutwhattheyweresayinginsteadofjustsayingit

B.comprisesofmemorizationandrotelearning

C.hasaveryspecificandlimitedtarget

D.encouragesthinkingandanalysis

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.事實細節(jié)題。文章第二段第二句說到“Thebookiscommonlyunderstoodtobeatreatiseontheidealpoliticalentity,butevenacasualanaly