考研考博-英語-吉林體育學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林體育學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws”.Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclauseremainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers'immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallpersonsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt'srulinginDredScottVSanfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.TheactwasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswithauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectionthefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson'sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment'sexistence,theSupremeCourt'sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicaccommodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.AftertheSecondWorldWar,ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedintheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BroadofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.

1.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyindicatesthesequenceoftheeventslistedbelow?

I.CivilRightsActof1866II.DredScottV.Sanford

III.FourteenthAmendmentIV.VetobyPresidentJohnson

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoriginalproponentsoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthattheFourteenthAmendmentmightnothavebeenenactedif（）.

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto（）.

問題1選項

A.Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforabroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.

B.InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthavenotreachedconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.

C.NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerprettheFourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatitexpresses.

D.TheframersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereawarethatthephrase“equalprotectionofthelaws”hadbroadimplications.

問題2選項

A.I-II-IV-III

B.I-IV-III-II

C.III-II-I-IV

D.II-I-IV-III

問題3選項

A.detailingtherightsaffordedbytheprincipleofequalcitizenship

B.providingsupportintheConstitutionforequalprotectionforallcitizensoftheUnitedStates.

C.overturningtheCivilRightsActof1866

D.assertingthatthecivilrightsprotectedbytheConstitutionincludednonracialdiscriminationaswellasracialdiscrimination.

問題4選項

A.Congress'authoritywithregardtolegislatingcivilrightshadnotbeenchallenged.

B.theframershadanticipatedtheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.theframershadbelievedthatitwouldbeusedindecidingcasesofdiscriminationinvolvingnon-racialgroups.

D.Moststategovernmentshadbeenwillingtoprotectcitizens'civilrights.

問題5選項

A.allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment.

B.influencetheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions.

D.prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“...writeintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrights...”可知選項A錯誤；根據(jù)第一段第二句“allinterpretersagreethat...theCivilRightsActof1866”可知,選項B也錯誤；根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知選項C正確；選項D在文中沒有提及。

2.根據(jù)原文可知,《民權(quán)法案》是1866年出臺的,《第十四條修正案》是1868年批準(zhǔn)的,所以首先排除選項C；根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,《民權(quán)法案》中的宣言其主要目的是為了反對最高法院在DredScott起訴Sanford案中做出的黑人可以被剝奪公民權(quán)的裁決。由此可知,訴訟發(fā)生在《民權(quán)法案》之前,所以選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句,AndrewJohnson總統(tǒng)否決了《民權(quán)法案》,他認為廢除奴隸制的第十三修正案沒有賦予國會權(quán)力將公民權(quán)和平等保護擴展到被解放的奴隸。盡管國會很快推翻了Johnson的否決,但該法案的支持者試圖通過《第十四條修正案》確保其憲法基礎(chǔ)。由此可知,《第十四條修正案》的支持者最關(guān)心的是憲法是否為所有美國公民的平等保護提供了支持,選項B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,如果國會在立法公民權(quán)利方面的權(quán)威沒有受到挑戰(zhàn),《第十四條修正案》也許不會頒布。選項A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段“...,whichassertsthat“private”decisions...theFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.”該限制規(guī)定,公共設(shè)施和其他商業(yè)企業(yè)業(yè)主所做出的對其設(shè)施實行種族隔離的“私人”決定不受《第十四條修正案》保證的法律平等保護的影響。選項A符合原文。

2.單選題

Thearchitectmustrespondtotheculturalconcernsofsociety______andpayattentiontothefunctionalandaestheticaspectofthebuildings.

問題1選項

A.atlarge

B.atheart

C.atmost

D.atbest

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項atlarge“詳盡的，未被捕的，整體的，普遍的”，B項atheart“本質(zhì)上，內(nèi)心里”，C項atmost“至多”，D項atbest“最多”。根據(jù)Thearchitectmustrespondtotheculturalconcernsofsociety______“建筑師必須回應(yīng)社會……關(guān)注的文化問題”可知，“普遍的”符合語境。句意：建筑師必須回應(yīng)社會普遍關(guān)注的文化問題，并關(guān)注建筑的功能和美學(xué)方面。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.單選題

Animalscanbecomeunusually______whentheyareupsetbyasuddenenvironmentalchange.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.predominant

C.aggressive

D.irritable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項vigorous“有力的，精力充沛的”，B項predominant“主要的，卓越的”，C項aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的”，D項irritable“急躁的，易怒的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞animal“動物”和空格后面部分句子意思“當(dāng)它們被突然的環(huán)境變化所困擾時”可知，C選項最符合語境。句意：當(dāng)環(huán)境突然發(fā)生變化時，動物會變得異常好斗。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

4.單選題

Theadvancementofscienceandtechnologyhasdemonstratedthatafactappearingtocontradicttocertaintheorymayactuallybe（）amoreadvancedformulationofthattheory.

問題1選項

A.consistentwith

B.eliminatedby

C.inoppositionto

D.incompatiblewith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beconsistentwith與…一致，符合；inoppositionto與…相反；beincompatiblewith與…不相容的；句意：先進的科學(xué)技術(shù)證明了如果一個看似與某一理論相悖的事實，實際可能與一個更先進的理論形式相符。由actually可知前后有相反的意味，故此空意思應(yīng)與contradict意義相反，故A項正確。

5.單選題

Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow（）,particularlyinWesternEurope.

問題1選項

A.obscure

B.obsolete

C.optional

D.overlapping

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的”；B選項obsolete“淘汰的，廢棄的，過時的”；C選項optional“可選擇的”；D選項overlapping“重疊的”。根據(jù)句意可知，火藥的引入應(yīng)該是使弓箭逐漸被淘汰，所以選項B符合句意。

6.單選題

ThepopulationofSeattleisaconglomerateofpeoplefromdifferentethnicandculturalbackgrounds.

問題1選項

A.acompany

B.afluctuation

C.anassortment

D.amatching

【答案】C

【解析】句意：西雅圖的人口是由來自不同種族和文化背景的人組成的群體。conglomerate意為聚結(jié)，凝聚成團。acompany一家公司；afluctuation起伏，波動；anassortment分類，混合物；amatching匹配，一致。選項C與之意思最為相近。

7.單選題

ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound____inthewoodsoffthehighway.

問題1選項

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.vanished突然消失；絕跡B.scattered分散

C.abandoned丟棄D.rejected拒絕

【答案】C

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格前后語義為“Lee一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)____在高速公路旁的樹林里?！备鶕?jù)前后語義可知，丟失的汽車被別人遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里，C選項abandoned“丟棄”符合前后語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】Lee一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里。

8.單選題

（）youpromiseyouwillworkhard,（）supportyoutocollege.

問題1選項

A.Ifonly...willI

B.Only...Iwill

C.Onlyif...willI

D.Onlyif...Iwill、

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識。觀察第一空的選項，ifonly“只要；但愿”后面一般用虛擬語氣；onlyif“只有”后用倒裝。再綜合題干可判定此題使用倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)。因此C選項符合題意。

9.單選題

ButneitherarepeoplewhobelieveintheUPOnarrativesirrational,much（

）crazy,astheyaresometimesdepicted.

問題1選項

A.more

B.less

C.as

D.like

【答案】B

【解析】考查語義。前面部分說到“兩者都并非非理性的”，相應(yīng)的空格這部分的修飾詞也應(yīng)選擇否定意義。四個選項中只有B選項less符合要求，muchlesscrazy“更不用說瘋狂的”。

10.單選題

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

問題1選項

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。句意：據(jù)說這篇報道所依據(jù)的消息來源可靠。根據(jù)謂語動詞was確定事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生，根據(jù)bebasedon確定保留be動詞，確定用被動語態(tài)。結(jié)合besaidto加完語態(tài)被動式表示動作已發(fā)生并且是被動語態(tài)，所以B選項havebeenbased正確。

11.單選題

Hewas_______inthestreetsoftheMexicancapitalbymorethanamillionpeople,mostofthemsincerelyinspired.

問題1選項

A.acclaimed

B.attested

C.ratified

D.considered

【答案】A

【解析】acclaim歡呼,喝彩,稱贊;attest證明;ratify批準(zhǔn),認可;consider考慮。句意：他在墨西哥首都的大街上受到一百多萬人的歡迎,其中大多數(shù)人都受到了真誠的鼓舞。選項A符合句意。

12.翻譯題

當(dāng)今世界正處在大發(fā)展大變革大調(diào)整時期。世界多極化和經(jīng)濟全球化深入發(fā)展，國際金融危機影響繼續(xù)顯現(xiàn)，氣候變化、能源資源、公共衛(wèi)生安全等全球性問題突出，國際和地區(qū)熱點問題此起彼伏。繼續(xù)推進人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)，需要世界各國人民加強合作、同舟共濟。

中國改革開放和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得新的顯著成就，人民生活繼續(xù)改善，社會保持和諧穩(wěn)定。中國積極參加應(yīng)對國際金融危機、氣候變化等問題的國際合作，擴大同世界各國交流合作，為世界和平與發(fā)展做出了新的貢獻。

【答案】【參考譯文】Today’sworldisundergoingaperiodofbigdevelopments,greatchangesandextensiveadjustments.Theworldmulti-polarizationandeconomicglobalizationisdevelopingfurtherandtheinfluencesproducedbyinternationalfinancialcrisisarecontinuingtoappear.Globalissuessuchasclimatechange,energy,resourcesandpublicsanitarysecurityareprominent;andinternationalandregionalhotspotsarepoppingup.Peopleallovertheworldarerequiredtostrengthencooperationandhelpeachotherforthesakeofcontinuingtoadvancetheloftycauseofhumanpeaceanddevelopment.

China’sreformandopeningupandsocialistmodernconstructionhaveachievednewremarkableachievements.People’sstandardoflivingcontinuestoimproveandoursocietyremainsharmoniousandstable.Throughtakinganactivepartininternationalcooperationfortacklingissuessuchastheinternationalfinancialcrisis,climatechange,etc.andexpandingexchangesandcooperationwithallothercountriesaroundtheworld,Chinahasmadenewcontributionstoworldpeaceanddevelopment.

13.單選題

TheAfricanstudents______snowbeforetheycometoShijiazhuang.

問題1選項

A.haveneverbeforeseen

B.couldn’tbeforesee

C.wouldneverbeforesee

D.havenotbeforeseen

【答案】A

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：非洲學(xué)生來石家莊之前從未見過雪。根據(jù)謂語動詞see的動作發(fā)生在以前、并且對現(xiàn)在有影響確定用現(xiàn)在完成時，A選項haveneverbeforeseen符合題意。其余選項時態(tài)錯誤。因此A選項正確。

14.單選題

TheJatakanacultureencompassesevery（）oflifefrombeliefs,superstitions,andpracticestoart,educationandtourism.

問題1選項

A.respect

B.inspect

C.aspect

D.suspect

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知這里指Jatakana文化覆蓋了生活的方方面面，選項C符合句意。

15.單選題

Itisimpossibletoreverseknowledge,butitissociety’sprerogativetostatewhichpiecesofknowledgeshouldremainunused.“Cando”neverimplies“mustdo”.ItisrightlyillegaltocloneahumanbeingintheUK,butitwouldnotbebeyondhumanperversityforsomeonetotrytodoitelsewhereintheworld.OneUKdoctor,whohaspubliclycondemnedtheveryideas,claimstohavehadpeopleofferingthemselvesforcloningoraskingtohaveitdonetolovedones.Itwouldappearthatsomeareattractedbytheidea,butmaybetheyhavenotfullyunderstoodtheimplications.Evensupposingsomeonewouldbestupidenoughtotry,therearemanyseriousobstaclestobeovercome.Thereisfirstlytheriskofimprisonment.Ascientistwouldtaketheriskofostracismfromadisapprovingmedicalandscientificestablishment,andknowthatajournalwouldpossiblyrefusetopublishanypaperonthesubject.Then,heorshewouldhavetopersuadeorinducedozensofpeopletotakepartinprolongedillegalexperiments.Itwouldneeddonors,eggcellrecipientsandsurrogatemothersinfairlylargenumbers,totakepartinexperiments.Abnormallylargeprogenyhaveresultedinanimalcloningdonetodate,whichsuggeststhatthereareseriousriskstothehealthofthemotherandpotentialembryo.

Inordertopreventthegeniefromcomingoutofthebottle,thereshouldbeimmediatemovestosetup,ifpossible,aninternationalbindingtreatytobanexperimentsregardinghumancloningworldwide.

1.Thisshortarticleismainlyabout（

）.

2.Whydoesputting“cloneman''topracticefacesomanyobstacles?

3.Inordertopreventthegeniefromcomingoutofthebottle,weshoulddoallthefollowingexceptthat

（

）.

4.Allthefollowingaretheobstaclesthatadoctorcanmeetwhentryingtocloneahumanbeingexcept

（

）.

問題1選項

A.thefactthatitisillegaltoclonehumanbeings

B.whatyoushoulddowithaGenieoutofabottleandwhyyoudoso

C.howascientistcoulddothiskindofexperimentssuccessfullythoughitisillegal

D.theproblemsthat“cloninghumans”couldbring

問題2選項

A.Everybodyopposesit.

B.Thetechniqueisnotmature.

C.Itisagainstthehumans’ethic

D.BothBandC

問題3選項

A.weshouldreallyknowtheimplicationscarriedbytheideaofcloningahumanbeing

B.weshouldn’tletourbodiesbeusedfortheillegalexperimentsdonebysomeambitiousscientists.

C.weshoulddoourbesttoappealtostoppingallthe“clone”experimentswhetherit’sonhumansoronotherspecies

D.weshouldmakeourbesteffortstoputaworldwidebanontheexperimentsonhumans

問題4選項

A.seriousriskstothehealthofthesurrogatemother

B.theriskofimprisonment

C.theriskofbeingexecuted

D.theriskofresistancefrommedicalestablishments

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段指出:在英國，克隆人被公正地規(guī)定為非法,但仍有很多科學(xué)家們愿冒著風(fēng)險去嘗試。如果真的開始克隆人的實驗，那么實驗人員也會面臨很多的阻礙，帶來很多嚴(yán)重的危害。而最后一段又強調(diào):為了阻止這一違法的罪惡行為出現(xiàn)，必須立即采取相關(guān)的限制措施。因此此文章主要是關(guān)于“克隆人是一種違法行為的事實”。

2.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:ItisrightlyillegaltocloneahumanbeingintheUK,butitwouldnotbebeyondhumanperversityforsomeonetotrytodoitelsewhereintheworld(在英國，克隆人被公正地規(guī)定為非法。但不能排除在世界某個地方有某個違背常情的人試圖那樣做)。故選C“違背人類道德”。

3.判斷推理題。題干問的是哪一個不是阻止魔鬼逃出玻璃瓶（即違法行為出現(xiàn)）的方法。A:我們應(yīng)該充分認識到克隆人的想法意味著什么,第一段指出:Itwouldappearthatsomeareattractedbytheidea,butmaybetheyhavenotfullyunderstoodtheimplications(這一觀點對部分人似乎很有吸引力，這也許是因為他們沒有充分認識到克隆人意味著什么),由此可知A符合原文;B:我們不能讓自己的身體被那些野心勃勃的科學(xué)家用來做實驗,根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Itwouldneeddonors,eggcellrecipientsandsurrogatemothersinfairlylargenumbers,totakepartinExperiments(這將需要有大量的捐贈者、卵細胞接受者和代孕媽媽參與到實驗中)”可以推斷B也是可以阻止魔鬼逃出玻璃瓶（即違法行為出現(xiàn)）的方法;C:我們應(yīng)該盡一切努力呼吁停止一切克隆實驗，無論是克隆人類還是克隆動物,文章中并未提及對動物的克隆實驗進行限制。D:我們應(yīng)該盡一切努力在全世界范圍內(nèi)限制克隆人的實驗,根據(jù)最后一段“Inordertopreventthegeniefromcomingoutofthebottle,thereshouldbeimmediatemovestosetup,ifpossible,aninternationalbindingtreatytobanexperimentsregardinghumancloningworldwide(為了阻止魔鬼，逃出玻璃瓶（即違法行為出現(xiàn)），必須立即采取相關(guān)的措施，如果可以的話，制定在世界范圍內(nèi)與克隆人類相關(guān)的具有國際約束力的條約)”可知D也是方法之一。故選C。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題干問的是以下哪個選項不屬于克隆人的實驗面臨的阻礙。A:對代孕媽媽的健康存在巨大威脅,根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Abnormallylargeprogenyhaveresultedinanimalcloningdonetodate,whichsuggeststhatthereareseriousriskstothehealthofthemotherandpotentialembryo(迄今為止，很多克隆得來的動物們都顯得不正常，這意味著克隆對于代孕媽媽和潛在的胚胎都存在這巨大的健康威脅)”可知A屬于面臨的阻礙;B:監(jiān)禁的風(fēng)險,根據(jù)第一段中的“Thereisfirstlytheriskofimprisonment(首先是面臨監(jiān)禁的風(fēng)險)”可知B也屬于面臨的阻礙。C:面臨被處決的風(fēng)險,文章并未提及。D:被醫(yī)療機構(gòu)排斥的風(fēng)險,根據(jù)第一段中的“Ascientistwouldtaketheriskofostracismfromadisapprovingmedicalandscientificestablishment(科學(xué)家可能會面臨被醫(yī)療和科研機構(gòu)排斥的風(fēng)險)”可知D也屬于面臨的阻礙。因此本題選C。

16.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality;photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart:lateinthetwentiethcenturyanambivalentrelationexistsbecauseofthemodernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentrationonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPopduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalmodernistpaintingthatisabstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,CandinskyandMatissepresupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart,photography,likePoppainting,andreassuresviewersthatartisnothard:photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographisadistinctiveandexaltedactivityinshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinthesecondparagraph？(Thesentenceinitalics.)

3.TheauthorintroducesAbstractExpressionistpainters(inthethirdparagraph)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thenineteenth——centurydefendersofphotographymentionedinthepassagestressedthatphotographywas（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

6.Accordingtothepassage,certainseriouscontemporaryphotographersexpresslymakewhichofthefollowingclaimsabouttheirphotographs?

7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）

問題1選項

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury

C.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問題2選項

A.paradoxical

B.mechanical

C.superficial

D.dramatic

問題3選項

A.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart

B.callattentiontoartistswhoseworksoftenbearaphysicalresemblancetotheworksofseriouscontemporaryphotographers

C.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters

D.provideacontrasttoPopartistsandotherswhocreatedworksthatexemplifytheModernistheritageinart

問題4選項

A.ameansofmakingpeoplefamiliarwithremotelocalesandunfamiliarthings

B.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity

C.adeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially

D.anartcomparabletopainting

問題5選項

A.Thephotographers’beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrendersoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision

B.Thephotographers’fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic

C.TheinfluenceofAbstractExpressionistpaintingandPopArtonthesubjectmatterofthemodemphotograph

D.Thephotographers’beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined

問題6選項

A.Theirphotographscouldbecreatedbyalmostanyonewhohadacameraandthetimetodevotetotheactivity.

B.Theirphotographsarenotexamplesofartbutareexamplesofthephotographers’impartialobservationoftheworld.

C.Theirphotographsareimportantbecauseoftheirsubjectsbutnotbecauseoftheresponsestheyevokeinviewers.

D.Theirphotographsexhibitthesameagelessprinciplesofformandshadingthathavebeenusedinpainting

問題7選項

A.contemporaryartthatisstrugglingtobeacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutnomeansanart

C.mechanicalcopyingofreality

D.modemartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingalmsofart

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

【解析】1.文章主旨題。A選項‘界定現(xiàn)代主義者對藝術(shù)的態(tài)度‘、B選項’解釋攝影是如何作為美術(shù)出現(xiàn)的‘和D選項’界定當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅攝影家對待他們藝術(shù)所具有的各種觀點，并評定每種觀點的價值‘這三項只是文內(nèi)提到的某些方面，不是主要的。C選項’說明當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家對攝影作為藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并把他們這些態(tài)度放在歷史的進程來觀察‘符合題意。

2.作者觀點題。根據(jù)文章第二段showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.顯示出他們對現(xiàn)代主義勝利強加給他們的藝術(shù)概念的想當(dāng)然程度:藝術(shù)越好，它對傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的顛覆性就越大。所以該題作者表達的觀點是矛盾的，A選項“矛盾的”符合題意。B“機械的”，C“膚淺的”和D“戲劇性的”與文章不符，排除。

3.語義理解題。作者列舉這樣藝術(shù)家的例子，他們像當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣拋棄了傳統(tǒng)的被接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目的。文章第三段第二句提到“例如,那些假設(shè)的攝影師,通過拍照,他們越來越遠離以繪畫藝術(shù)的自命不凡提醒我們的抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家想象他們擺脫古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫的知識緊縮濃度的身體行為繪畫?！彼訟選項‘提供一個藝術(shù)家的例子，他們像嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師一樣，否認傳統(tǒng)上接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目標(biāo)‘正確。B、C、D選項與題意不相符，排除。

4.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文中第一段最后一句‘Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.有人指責(zé)攝影是沒有靈魂的、機械地復(fù)制現(xiàn)實，攝影師們反駁說，攝影是一種特殊的觀看方式，是對普通視覺的反抗，和繪畫一樣有藝術(shù)價值?！_定D選項符合題意。

5.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段末尾提到‘Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.那些重要攝影師不再愿意辯論是否或不是藝術(shù)攝影,除了宣稱自己的工作不涉及藝術(shù),顯示在多大程度上他們只是理所當(dāng)然的概念藝術(shù)由現(xiàn)代主義的勝利:藝術(shù)、越好越顛覆傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)目標(biāo)?！_定D選項符合題意。

6.細節(jié)判斷題。文章第二段第二句提到“Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.嚴(yán)肅的攝影師們聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見證事件、探索自我——但絕不是在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品?！彼訠選項‘他們的照片不是藝術(shù)的例子，而是攝影師公正地觀察世界的例子?！罘稀，B，C項文章沒有提及。

7.作者觀點題。B選項“一項只講究細致而不講究藝術(shù)的工藝”和C選項“復(fù)制現(xiàn)實的機械”與作者觀點相悖，排除，D項描述是現(xiàn)代攝影的現(xiàn)狀，排除。所以A選項正確。

17.寫作題

Nowadays,advertisementscanbefoundeverywhereinabigcitysuchasShanghai.Theyshoutatusfromthetelevisionscreenandradioloudspeakers,wavetousfromeverypageofthenewspaper,signaltousfromtheroadsidebillboardsalldayandflashmessagestousincoloredlightsallnight.Whatdoyouthinkofthefloodofadvertisingmakeanycontributiontooursociety?

ForthispartyouaretowriteacompositiononthetopicIfThereWereNoAdvertisements.Youshouldillustrateyourviewpointsonadvertisementinnolessthan200words.

【答案】

18.單選題

Youprobablyknowthatit'sbetterforbothyouandtheenvironmentifyoubuyanorganictomatoinsteadofonethat7sbeendousedinpesticides,buttherearelotsofotherthingstoconsiderbeforeventuringdowntheaisleofyourlocalsupermarket(orfarmer'smarket).

Theexplosionin（1）produceandotherfoodsduringthelastfewyearshasbeenanextremely（2）developmentinthefoodindustry.However,（3）stillexistsaboutexactlywhattheorganic（4）means.

Doyouknowthedifferencebetweenacerealthat's“organic,100%organic”,and“madewithorganic（5）?TheUSDAhasclearlydefinedstandardsthat（6）whichofthoselabelscanlegallygoonyourraisinbran.Youcanlearnmoreaboutthem.

Organicfoodsaregreat,butthejuryisstillverymuchout（7）anothernewdevelopmentinthefoodworld:genetically（8）organisms(GMOs).Nooneknowsforcertaintheshortand（9）effectsoftheseproductsofgeneengineering,（10）there'sachancetheycouldleadtothe（11）creationof“superweeds”or（12）withnaturalplantstocks,formoreinformationonGMOs,werecommendvisiting.

（13）you’reshopping,don’tforgettoconsiderthecompaniesbehindthe（14）names.Onecerealcompanymightbeanenvironmentalchampion,（15）theothermanufacturesitscornflakesvia（16）environmentalpractices.Aneasywaytocomparetwocompaniesistouse（17）suchas.Theypresentboththegoodandbadsidesofeverycompanythey（18）,andtheygradehundredsofcompaniesonsocial,ethicalandenvironmentalissues.

Remember:（19）consciousshoppingisapowerfultoolforeffectingchange.Youcanmakeadifferenceeverytimeyoufillyour（20）cart.

問題1選項

A.green

B.organic

C.healthy

D.optional

問題2選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.active

D.passive

問題3選項

A.controversy

B.contribution

C.conversion

D.confusion

問題4選項

A.label

B.mark

C.word

D.food

問題5選項

A.components

B.genes

C.ingredients

D.compositions

問題6選項

A.determine

B.illustrate

C.recommend

D.demonstrate

問題7選項

A.in

B.to

C.for

D.on

問題8選項

A.moved

B.modified

C.modeled

D.motivated

問題9選項

A.long-run

B.long-term

C.long-day

D.long-distance

問題10選項

A.while

B.and

C.but

D.or

問題11選項

A.unconditional

B.unexceptional

C.unintentional

D.uncontroversial

問題12選項

A.interfere

B.intervene

C.interact

D.intrude

問題13選項

A.Anytime

B.Anytime

C.Sometime

D.Sometime

問題14選項

A.brand

B.code

C.product

D.family

問題15選項

A.when

B.while

C.as

D.because

問題16選項

A.constructive

B.destructive

C.instructive

D.obstructive

問題17選項

A.sights

B.add