考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)校考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱幼兒師范高等專科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhatcouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dilemma

B.paradox

C.junction

D.premise

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。dilemma“困境；進(jìn)退兩難”；paradox“悖論”；junction“連接”；premise“前提，假定”。根據(jù)betweendoingwhattheyfelt…andwhatcouldstand…可知家長(zhǎng)是在這兩種做法為難，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Onceuponatimetherelivedabeautifulyoungwomanandahandsomeyoungman.Theywereverypoor,butastheyweredeeplyinlove,theywantedtogetmarried.Theyoungpeople'sparentsshooktheirheads.”Youcan'tgetmarriedyet,”theysaid.“Waittillyougetagoodjobwithgoodprospects."Sotheyoungpeoplewaiteduntiltheyfoundgoodjobswithgoodprospectsandtheywereabletogetmarried.Theywerestillpoor,ofcourse.Theydidn'thaveahousetoliveinoranyfurniture,butthatdidn'tmatter.Theyoungmanhadagoodjobwithgoodprospects,solargeorganizationslenthimthemoneyheneededtobuyahouse,somefurniture,ailthelatestelectricalappliancesandacar.Thecouplelivedhappilyeverafterpayingoffdebtsfortherestoftheirlives.Andsoendsanothermodemromanticfable.

Weliveinamaterialisticsocietyandaretrainedformourearliestyearstobeacquisitive.Ourpossessions,"mine"and"yours"areclearlylabeledfromearlychildhood.Whenwegrowoldenoughtoearnaliving,itdoesnotsurpriseustodiscoverthatsuccessismeasuredintermsofmoneyyouearn.WespendthewholeofourliveskeepingupwiththeJoneses.Ifwebuyanewtelevisionset,aJonesisboundtobuyabiggerandbetterone.Ifwebuyanewcar,wecanbesurethatJoneswillgetonebetterandgettwonewcars:oneforhiswifeandoneforhimself.ThemostamusingthingaboutthisgameisthattheJonesesandalltheneighborswhoarestrugglingfranticallytokeepupwiththemarespendingborrowedmoneykindlyprovided,ataSuitablerateofinterest,ofcourse,byfriendlybanks,insurancecompanies,etc.

Itisnotonlyinaffluentsocietiesthatpeopleareobsessedwiththeideaofmakingmoremoney.Consumergoodsaredesirableeverywhereandmodemindustrydeliberatelysets,outtocreatenewmarkets.Gonearethedayswhenindustrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.Thewheelofindustrymustbekeptturning.“Built-inobsolescence”providesthemeans:goodaremadetobediscarded.Carsgettinnierandtinnier.Younosooneracquirethisyear'smodelthanyouarethinkingaboutitsreplacement.

Thismaterialisticoutlookhasseriouslyinfluencededucation.Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.Everycourseofstudiesmustleadsomewhere:i.e.toabiggerwagepacket.Thedemandforskilledpersonnelfarexceedsthesupplyandbigcompaniescompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Temptingsalariesand"fringebenefits"areofferedtothem.Recruitingtacticsofthiskindhaveledtothe"braindrain",theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.Thewealthiernationsdeprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.WhileMammonisworshippedasneverbefore,therichgetricherandpoor,poorer.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat（）.

2.Theexpression“keepupwiththeJoneses”mightmean（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor（）.

4.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

5.Wecaninferthatmorepeoplepastacquiredknowledge（）.

6.“Braindrain”means（）.

7.Wecaninferthatbraindrain（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.goodjobwithgoodprospectscanhaveagoodmarriage

B.thosewhoarepoorcan'tmarried

C.poorinloveisbetterthanrichinlove

D.evenmarriageiscloselyrelatedwithmoney

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.maintainahighstandardofachievement

B.preventsomethingfrommoving

C.trytomaintainthesamesocialandmaterialstandardsasone'sneighbors

D.continuetobeincontactwithsomebody

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.moneyseemsextremelyimportanttoday

B.interestinearningmoneyisnotamodemphenomenon

C.moneyisonethere,loveisanother

D.lovewithoutmoneyisafieldwithoutwater

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.KeepUpwiththeJoneses

B.TheOnlyThingPeopleAreInterestedinTodayIsEarningMoreMoney

C.LoveMe,LoveMyDog

D.MoneyMaketheMareGo

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.eagerly

B.foritsownsake

C.forpracticalpurpose

D.passively

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.brainbecomesempty

B.brainhasproblems

C.aprocessinwhichthehighlyskilledpeoplechangetoworkfortheorganizationswhopaythemhigher

D.aprocessbywhichthecleverpeopleareofferedbetterjobs

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.attractsnoattentionfromallthecountries

B.bringsaboutbadeffectstopoorcountries

C.makesrichercountriespoorbecausetheyhavetopaymoretothem

D.isworshipped

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,本段講述的是兩個(gè)很窮的年輕人找到有前途的工作后再結(jié)婚,償清債務(wù)后,過(guò)上了幸福的生活。作者意在說(shuō)明即使是婚姻也與金錢(qián)密切相關(guān)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.根據(jù)下一句的舉例：如果我們買(mǎi)一臺(tái)新電視機(jī),瓊斯家的人一定會(huì)買(mǎi)一臺(tái)更大更好的。如果我們買(mǎi)一輛新車(chē),我們可以肯定瓊斯會(huì)得到一輛更好的。由此可以推斷“keepupwiththeJoneses”指的是互相攀比,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Mammonisworshippedasneverbefore...”可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的金錢(qián)對(duì)于人們來(lái)說(shuō)似乎極其重要,選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是物欲橫流的世界中人們以及社會(huì)的現(xiàn)狀,人們今天唯一感興趣的是賺更多的錢(qián),選項(xiàng)B最能概括全文,所以正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的二三句“Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.”現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越少的年輕人僅僅為了知識(shí)本身而學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí),更多是為了以后能拿高工資。由此可以推斷,過(guò)去人們學(xué)習(xí)是為了自己的利益,而不是為了賺錢(qián),所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.根據(jù)下文“theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.”高技能人才向出價(jià)最高者提供服務(wù)的過(guò)程。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

7.根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Thewealthiernationsdeprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.”“人才流失”使得較富裕的國(guó)家剝奪了較貧窮的鄰國(guó)最有能力的公民。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.單選題

Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutnapping.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.

11.Childrenunderfivehaveabundantenergypartlybecausethey（）.

12.Accordingtothespeaker,thesleeppatternofababyisdeterminedby（）.

13.Thetalksuggeststhat,ifyoufeelsleepythroughtheday,youshould（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sleepinthreedistinctparts

B.havemanyfiveminutenap

C.sleepinonelongblock

D.takeoneortwonapsdaily

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsgenes

B.itshabit

C.itsmentalstate

D.itsphysicalcondition

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.takesomerefreshment

B.gotobedearly

C.havealongrest

D.giveittosleep

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】第1題:

第2題:

第3題:

4.單選題

Any（

）futurereligionmusttakeseriouslytheimplicationsforreligionoftheremarkablediscoveriesofthemodernnaturalandhumansciences.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflexive

B.viable

C.familial

D.secular

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reflexive“反身的；反射性的”；B選項(xiàng)viable“可行的；能養(yǎng)活的”；C選項(xiàng)familial“家族的；家庭的；遺傳的”；D選項(xiàng)secular“世俗的；長(zhǎng)期的；不朽的”句意：任何……的未來(lái)的宗教都要重視現(xiàn)代自然和人文科學(xué)的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)它的影響。由句意可知句中應(yīng)表示“長(zhǎng)久存在的宗教”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Inrecentyearsmanycountriesoftheworldhavebeenfacedwiththeproblemofhowtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive.Someexpertsclaimtheansweristomakejobsmorevaried.Butdomorevariedjobsleadtogreaterproductivity?Thereisevidencetosuggestthatwhilevarietycertainlymakestheworkers’lifemoreenjoyable,itdoesnotactuallymakehimworkharder.Asfarasincreasingproductivityisconcerned,thevarietyisnotanimportantfactor.

Otherexpertsfeelthatgivingtheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownwayisimportantandthereisnodoubtthatthisistrue.Theproblemisthatthiskindoffreedomcannoteasilybegiveninthemodernfactorywithitscomplicatedmachinerywhichmustbeusedinafixedway.Thuswhilefreedomofchoicemaybeimportant,thereisusuallyverylittlethatcanbedonetocreateit.Anotherimportantconsiderationishowmucheachworkercontributestotheproductheismaking.Inmostfactoriestheworkerseesonlyonesmallpartoftheproduct.Somecarfactoriesarenowexperimentingwithhavingmanysmallproductionlinesratherthanlargeone,sothateachworkercontributesmoretotheproductionofthecarsonhisline.Itwouldseemthatnotonlyisthedegreeofworkers’contributionanimportantfactor,therefore,butitisalsoonewecandosomethingabout.

Towhatextentdoesmoremoneyleadtogreaterproductivity?Theworkersthemselvescertainlythinkthisisimportant.Butperhapstheywantmoremoneyonlybecausetheworktheydoissoboring.Moneyjustletsthemenjoytheirsparetimemore.Asimilarargumentmayexplaindemandsforshorterworkinghours.Perhapsifwesucceedinmakingtheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillneitherwantmoremoney,norwillshorterworkinghoursbesoimportanttothem.

1.Whichofthesepossiblefactorsleadingtogreaterproductivityisnottrue?

2.Whydoworkerswantmoremoney?

3.Thelastsentenceinthispassagemeansthatifwesucceedinmakingworkers’jobsmoreinteresting,（）.

4.Inthispassage,theauthortellsus（）.

5.Theauthorofthispassageisprobablybya（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tomakejobsmorevaried.

B.Demandsforlongerworkinghours.

C.Degreeofworkcontribution.

D.Togivetheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownway.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheirjobsaretooboring.

B.Inordertoenjoymoresparetime.

C.Tomaketheirjobsmoreinteresting.

D.Todemandshorterworkinghours.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theywillwantmoremoney

B.theywilldemandshorterworkinghours

C.moremoneyandshorterworkinghoursareimportantfactors

D.moremoneyandshorterworkinghourswillnotbesoimportanttothem

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.howtomaketheworkersmoreproductive

B.toacertainextentmoremoneyleadtogreaterproductivity

C.possiblefactorsleadingtogreaterefficiency

D.howtomakeworkers’jobsmoreinteresting

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.teacher

B.manager

C.worker

D.physicist

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段Inrecentyearsmanycountriesoftheworldhavebeenfacedwiththeproblemofhowtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive.Someexpertsclaimtheansweristomakejobsmorevaried（近年來(lái)，世界上許多國(guó)家都面臨著如何提高其工人生產(chǎn)力的問(wèn)題。一些專家稱，解決之道是讓工作多樣化）可知A選項(xiàng)“使工作更加多樣化”是有可能導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)力提高；根據(jù)原文第二段Anotherimportantconsiderationishowmucheachworkercontributestotheproductheismaking（另一個(gè)重要的考慮因素是每個(gè)工人為他所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品貢獻(xiàn)了多少）可知C選項(xiàng)“工作貢獻(xiàn)程度”有可能導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)力提高；根據(jù)原文第二段第一句Otherexpertsfeelthatgivingtheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownwayisimportantandthereisnodoubtthatthisistrue（其他專家認(rèn)為，給工人以他自己的方式做他的工作的自由是重要的，這是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的事實(shí)）可知D選項(xiàng)“給工人以他自己的方式做他的工作的自由”有可能導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)力提高；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)更長(zhǎng)工作時(shí)間的要求”在文章內(nèi)沒(méi)有提及，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段第三句Butperhapstheywantmoremoneyonlybecausetheworktheydoissoboring（但也許他們想要更多的錢(qián)只是因?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ魈珶o(wú)聊了）可知A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ魈珶o(wú)聊了”正確；根據(jù)第三段第四句Moneyjustletsthemenjoytheirsparetimemore.Asimilarargumentmayexplaindemandsforshorterworkinghours（金錢(qián)只是讓他們更享受他們的業(yè)余時(shí)間。類(lèi)似的論點(diǎn)可以解釋對(duì)更短工作時(shí)間的要求）可知，題目問(wèn)的是為什么工人想要更多的錢(qián)，這是因?yàn)楣ぷ魈珶o(wú)聊了，擁有更多的錢(qián)之后可以享受更多的業(yè)余時(shí)間，更多的業(yè)余時(shí)間并不是工人想要更多的錢(qián)的直接原因，B選項(xiàng)“為了享受更多的業(yè)余時(shí)間”邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤以及D選項(xiàng)“要求縮短工作時(shí)間”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段最后一句Perhapsifwesucceedinmakingtheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillneitherwantmoremoney,norwillshorterworkinghoursbesoimportanttothem（也許如果我們成功地使他們的工作更有趣，他們就不會(huì)想要更多的錢(qián)，縮短工作時(shí)間對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)也不會(huì)如此重要）可知C選項(xiàng)“讓他們的工作更有趣”錯(cuò)誤；因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段最后一句Perhapsifwesucceedinmakingtheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillneitherwantmoremoney,norwillshorterworkinghoursbesoimportanttothem（也許如果我們成功地使他們的工作更有趣，他們就不會(huì)想要更多的錢(qián)，縮短工作時(shí)間對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)也不會(huì)如此重要）可知D選項(xiàng)“更多的錢(qián)和更短的工作時(shí)間對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)不會(huì)那么重要”正確以及A選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)想要更多的錢(qián)”、B選項(xiàng)“他們將要求縮短工作時(shí)間”和C選項(xiàng)“更多的錢(qián)和更短的工作時(shí)間是重要的因素”錯(cuò)誤；因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:主旨大意題。文章圍繞可能導(dǎo)致更高工作效率的因素展開(kāi)，根據(jù)第一段Inrecentyearsmanycountriesoftheworldhavebeenfacedwiththeproblemofhowtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive（近年來(lái)，世界上許多國(guó)家都面臨著如何提高其工人生產(chǎn)力的問(wèn)題）可知C選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致更高效率的可能的因素”符合題意，A選項(xiàng)“如何使工人更有生產(chǎn)力”、B選項(xiàng)“在某種程度上，更多的錢(qián)導(dǎo)致更高的生產(chǎn)力”和D選項(xiàng)“如何使工人的工作更有趣”均只講了“導(dǎo)致更高工作效率的因素”的其中一面，因此不足以概括全文。

第5題:推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“教師；導(dǎo)師”；B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理；管理人員”；C選項(xiàng)“工人，勞動(dòng)者；職蟻”；D選項(xiàng)“物理學(xué)家；唯物論者”；本文的主旨圍繞著提高工人生產(chǎn)力的因素展開(kāi)，提高工人工作效率一般是管理層所需要考慮的；因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Idon’tmindabitifyoubringyourfriendsinforadrink,butitisrathertoomuchwhensixteenpeoplearrive（

）fordinner.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unusually

B.excessively

C.unexpectedly

D.consequently

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。unusually意為“非常，特別地”；excessively意為“過(guò)渡地”；unexpectedly意為“未料到地，意外地”；consequently意為“所以，因此”。

句意：我一點(diǎn)兒不介意你帶你的朋友來(lái)喝一杯，但意外地帶來(lái)十六個(gè)人來(lái)吃晚飯就有點(diǎn)太多了。

7.單選題

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown，andthepumpshadtobeoperated（）in-

steadofmechanically.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manually

B.artificially

C.automatically

D.synthetically

【答案】A

【解析】句意：船的發(fā)電機(jī)出了故障，所以得（）操作泵以代替機(jī)械操作。A選項(xiàng)manually手工地；B選項(xiàng)artificially人為地；C選項(xiàng)automatically自動(dòng)地；D選項(xiàng)synthetically綜合地，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Atfirst,thecompanyrefusedtopurchasetheequipment,butthisdecisionwas______revised.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsequently

B.successively

C.predominantly

D.preliminarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。subsequently“隨后”；successively“相繼地”；predominantly“主要地；顯著地”；preliminarily“初步地”。句意：起初，該公司拒絕購(gòu)買(mǎi)設(shè)備，但這一決定……被修改了。根據(jù)句意選用“后來(lái)”更合適，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Thedaywasbreakingandpeoplebegantogotoworksothemurdererwasunableto（）ofthebody.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispense

B.dispose

C.discard

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dispense“分配，分發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)discard“丟棄，拋棄”；D選項(xiàng)discharge“卸貨，放出”。句意：因?yàn)樘炝亮巳藗冮_(kāi)始去上班，所以兇手無(wú)法處理尸體。此外，dispose與of為固定搭配，意思是“處置，處理”。所以只有B選項(xiàng)符合。

10.單選題

Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite（

）tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overseas

B.abroad

C.foreign

D.offshore

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)overseas“海外的，國(guó)外的”；B選項(xiàng)abroad“在國(guó)外”；C選項(xiàng)foreign“外國(guó)的，陌生的”;D選項(xiàng)offshore“近海的’；句意是‘主語(yǔ)theideaofhealthinsurance醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)’這個(gè)概念在20世紀(jì)80年代之前對(duì)居民來(lái)說(shuō)是…，C選項(xiàng)符合句意，正確。

11.單選題

Certainanimalbehaviors,suchasmatingrituals,seemtobe_______，andtherefore____externalfactorssuchasclimatechanges,foodsupply,orthepresenceofotheranimalsofthesamespecies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.learned...immuneto

B.innate...unaffectedby

C.intricate...belongto

D.specific...confusedwith

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義和動(dòng)詞詞組解析。learned“有學(xué)問(wèn)的”；innate“與生俱來(lái)的”；intricate“復(fù)雜的，錯(cuò)綜的”；specific“明確的，詳細(xì)的”。immuneto“不受……影響的”；unaffectedby“不受影響的”；belongto“屬于”；confusedwith“對(duì)……困惑”。句意：一些動(dòng)物的行為，比如交配行為，似乎是與生俱來(lái)的，不受外來(lái)因素影響的，比如氣候變化，食物供給或者同一物種其他動(dòng)物的存在。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.翻譯題

Beingunhappyislikeaninfectiousdisease.Itcausespeopletoshrinkawayfromthesufferer.Hesoonfindshimselfalonemiserable.Thereis,however,acuresosimpleastoseem,atfirstglance,ridiculous:ifyoudon’tfeelhappy,pretendtobe!

Itworks.Beforelongyouwillfindthatinsteadofpushingpeopleaway,youattractthem.Youdiscoverhowdeeplyrewardingitistobethecenterofwiderandwidercirclesofgoodwill.

Thenthemake-believebecomesareality.Beinghappy,onceitisrealizedasadutyestablishedasahabit,opensdoorsintounimaginablegardensfilledwithgratefulfriends.

【答案】不開(kāi)心就像一種傳染病。它使人們對(duì)不快樂(lè)的人敬而遠(yuǎn)之。不快樂(lè)的人很快就會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)自己既孤獨(dú)又悲慘，充滿怨恨。但是，有一種乍一看似乎荒謬可笑，實(shí)際卻非常簡(jiǎn)單的治愈方法，那就是：如果你不快樂(lè)，那就假裝快樂(lè)吧!

這個(gè)辦法的確行之有效。不久你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，你不再排斥別人，而是開(kāi)始吸引他們。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)被越來(lái)越多善意的人們包圍的感覺(jué)是多么的值得！

于是，假裝的變成了真實(shí)的。一旦快樂(lè)被認(rèn)為是一種責(zé)任并成為一種習(xí)慣，它就會(huì)向我們敞開(kāi)一扇好友云集的通向奇妙花園的大門(mén)。

13.翻譯題

SectionA:EnglishtoChinese(20points)

TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

AllthesignsarethatBritainiscavinginonthethreeissuesinthefirstphaseoftheBrexit(BritishexitEU)talks.TheresaMaywastoldshehadtoyieldbynextweektopersuadetheEuropeanUnionsummitonDecember14th-15thtoagreethattherehadbeensufficientprogresstobegintalksontransitionandafuturetradeframework.TheprimeministerhasdulymadebigconcessionsontherightsofEUcitizensinBritainandontheexitbill,perhapsenoughtopassthetest.Thereevenseemstobesomemovementonthetrickiestissueofall,howtoavoidahardborderbetweenNorthernIrelandandtheRepublic,makingaDecemberdealmorelikely—butstillnotcertain.

(36)Yetbehindthegoodnewlurksapersistentanddangerousthreat.ThemorethatMrs.Mayyields,themoresomeBrexiteersarguethatBritainshouldleaveonMarch29th2019withoutanydealatall.Evenifshewinsagreementtomovetophasetwoofthetalks,thelureofnodealwillnotdisappear.Brexiteershatetheconcessionsthatarebeingmadeinphaseone,especiallyovermoney.Andtradebuffsareunitedinpredictingthatthephasetwocouldproveevenmorepainful,withtheEUstickingtoarigidlineontradeterms.

(37)Evenso,mostpeopleseeBrexitwithnodealasadisastertobeavoidedatalmostanycost.Yettheideakeepsreturning,intwoguises.Thefirstistactical.Inanynegotiation,itissaid,onemustbewillingtowalkawaytogetagooddeal.ManyBrexiteersfaultDavidCameron,Mrs.May’spredecessor,formakingclearinhisrenegotiationofBritain’sEUmembershipbeforethereferendumthathewouldcampaigntostaynomatterwhatMrs.Maystillsaysnodealisbetterthanabaddeal.Brexiteerswerecock-a-hoopwhenthechancellor,PhillipHammond,setaside￡3bn($3.6bn)forBrexitpreparations,includingfornodeal,inhisNovemberbudget.

(38)Thesecondguiseistheassertionthatnodealwouldnotreallybesobad.InsteadofpursuingthechimeraofagenerousfreetradedealwithacurmudgeonlyEU,BritaincouldreverttotradingonWorldTradeOrganizationterms(nevermindthatthiswouldnotbesimple).DavidDavis,theBrexitsecretary,saysnodealactuallymeansa“bare-bones”deal.Onthisbasis,thereisnoseriousriskthataircraftstopflyingornuclearmaterialsarenolongerimported.Rationalpeopleonbothsidescanseehowdamagingthiswouldbetoall,sotheywillpreventit.

Yetthisideaofa“soft”nodealisnotpersuasive.Ano-dealBrexitwoulddamageotherEUcountries,buthitBritainharder.(39)Anditdefiespoliticallogictothinkthatadecisiontowalkoutwithnodealcanbeharmonious.Itwouldmeannotpayingtheexitbill.ItwouldjeopardizethepositionofEUcitizensinBritain.AnditwoulddashhopesofthedeepnewpartnershipthatMrs.Maysaysshewants.Amidtherecriminationsandbadblood,theEUwouldsurelylooktoitsowninterestsfirst.

BrexiteersoftenforgetthattheEUisalegalasmuchasapoliticalconstruct.IfBritainleftwithnodealandnotransition,itwouldfalloutofallEUorganizations,fromEuratomtotheEuropeanMedicinesAgency(EMA).TheEuropeanCourtofJustice(ECJ)wouldlosejurisdiction.EvenifallsideswantedBritaintostayinsuchbodies,itmightnotbelegallypossible.

(40)OxfordEconomicshasmodelledtheeffectsofBrexitwithnodealandsaysthatitwouldlopacumulative2%offBritain’sGDPbytheendof2020,equivalenttosome￡40bn.ThatisfarbiggerthantheimpactonotherEUcountries.Beforethereferendum,theTreasuryforecastevenbiggerlossesofoutput.Suchnumbersareespeciallydauntingwhenannualgrowthforecastsforthenextfewyearshavejustbeentrimmedtoaslittleas1.3%.

【答案】36.然而，在這良好新局勢(shì)的背后隱藏著持久而危險(xiǎn)的威脅。特蕾莎?梅越是屈服，一些英國(guó)脫歐支持者就越爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō)英國(guó)應(yīng)該在2019年3月29日無(wú)協(xié)議脫歐。即使她贏得準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入第二階段談判的協(xié)議，但無(wú)協(xié)議的誘惑也不會(huì)消失。英國(guó)脫歐支持者討厭在第一階段做出的讓步，尤其是在金錢(qián)方面。貿(mào)易愛(ài)好者一致預(yù)測(cè)，由于歐盟在貿(mào)易條件上堅(jiān)持的強(qiáng)硬態(tài)度，第二階段可能會(huì)更加艱難。

37.即便如此，大部分人認(rèn)為英國(guó)無(wú)協(xié)議脫歐是一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難，應(yīng)該幾乎不惜一切代價(jià)避免。然而，這種看法一直受到兩種形式的反擊。首先是戰(zhàn)術(shù)上的。通常來(lái)說(shuō)，在任何談判中，一方必須愿意離開(kāi)以達(dá)成良好交易。許多英國(guó)脫歐支持者指責(zé)戴維?卡梅倫（特蕾莎?梅的前任），因?yàn)樵诠肚熬陀?guó)的歐盟成員國(guó)資格重新談判時(shí)，他明確表示無(wú)論梅說(shuō)什么，無(wú)協(xié)議總比糟糕的協(xié)議好，他都會(huì)努力爭(zhēng)取留在歐盟。

38.第二種是斷定無(wú)協(xié)議不會(huì)真的那么糟糕。英國(guó)可以回歸到按照世貿(mào)組織的條款進(jìn)行交易（盡管這不簡(jiǎn)單），而不是爭(zhēng)取和一個(gè)吝嗇的歐盟達(dá)成慷慨的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議。英國(guó)“脫歐”事務(wù)大臣大衛(wèi)戴維斯表示，無(wú)協(xié)議實(shí)際上意味著“降到最低限度的”協(xié)議。基于此，不存在飛機(jī)停飛或不再進(jìn)口核材料的嚴(yán)重風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

39.如果英國(guó)可以沒(méi)有爭(zhēng)端地?zé)o協(xié)議退出歐盟，這就有違政治邏輯。這意味著不賠償就退出，會(huì)降低歐盟公民在英國(guó)的地位，也會(huì)破壞特蕾莎?梅所希望的和新伙伴的親密關(guān)系。在相互指責(zé)和嫌隙中，歐盟肯定會(huì)首先考慮自己的利益。

40.牛津經(jīng)濟(jì)研究院模擬了英國(guó)無(wú)協(xié)議脫歐的影響，稱到2020年底，英國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值將累計(jì)減少2%，相當(dāng)于約400億英鎊。這比對(duì)其他歐盟國(guó)家的影響要大得多。在公投前，財(cái)政部預(yù)測(cè)產(chǎn)量損失甚至更大。未來(lái)幾年的年度增長(zhǎng)預(yù)測(cè)下調(diào)至1.3%，這令人尤為畏懼。

14.單選題

Althoughheisveryrich,hisundutifulchildrenarethe______ofhislife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.torch

B.torment

C.topic

D.topper

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)torch“火把、火炬”；B項(xiàng)torment“折磨、痛苦”；C項(xiàng)topic“主題”；D項(xiàng)topper“第一流人物、大禮帽”；句意：雖然他很有錢(qián)，但他那些不孝順的孩子是他生活中的折磨。因此該題B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Nowresearchersaredirectingmoreattentiontothesocialandculturalimpetusthatpropelleduniversitygraduatesintocareersinmanagement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.implication

B.propaganda

C.impulse

D.benefit

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如今研究人員正將更多的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向推動(dòng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生進(jìn)入管理行業(yè)的社會(huì)和文化……。implication“含義，暗示”；propaganda“宣傳”；impulse“推動(dòng)力，刺激”；benefit“好處，利益”。根據(jù)“propel”（推進(jìn)；推動(dòng)）可推測(cè)劃線單詞的意思是“推動(dòng)力”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Assoonasshearrivedhomefromthestore,shefoundshe______anurgentlyneededarticleontheshoppinglist.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.leftoff

B.leftout

C.letout

D.madeup

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)leftoff“停止，中斷”，B項(xiàng)leftout“忽視，不考慮”，C項(xiàng)letout“放出，泄露”，D項(xiàng)makeup“編造，化妝”。根據(jù)句子意思“她從商店一到家，就發(fā)現(xiàn)購(gòu)物單上有一件急需的物品……”可推斷，空格處應(yīng)該表示“忘記買(mǎi)”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)能表達(dá)出句子的意思。句意：她從商店一到家，就發(fā)現(xiàn)購(gòu)物單上漏掉了一件急需的東西。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Afuturedoctorshouldhaveagenuinedesiretohelppeople.Heorshemustdevelopgoodstudyhabitstocompletetheyearsofarduousschoolingahead.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.strict

B.unusual

C.enduring

D.laborious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。arduous表示“努力的，費(fèi)力的，險(xiǎn)峻的”；A項(xiàng)strict“嚴(yán)格的，絕對(duì)的，精確的”，B項(xiàng)unusual“不尋常的，與眾不同的”，C項(xiàng)enduring“持久的，能忍受的”，D項(xiàng)laborious“艱苦的，費(fèi)勁的，勤勞的”。句意：一個(gè)未來(lái)的醫(yī)生應(yīng)該有幫助別人的真誠(chéng)愿望；他或她必須養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，以完成今后幾年的艱苦學(xué)習(xí)。因此，根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Theworld（

）credittoPrinceHenry,knownasHenrytheNavigator,forthedevelopmentofcraftthatmadeoceanicexplorationpossible.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.owes

B.pays

C.admits

D.gains

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。owecreditto表示“感激，歸功于”。句意為：世界應(yīng)感謝被稱為“航海家亨利”的亨利王子，原因是他發(fā)展了海船技術(shù)，使遠(yuǎn)洋航行成為可能。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

19.單選題

Envyhasbecomeadrivewheelofourmodernworld.Itisthepassionthatgovernsoureconomiclife.Moderncapitalismreliesonitsabilitytocreateandincreasescarcityanditthereforedependslargelyontheomnipresenceofenvy.Inaffluentsocietiestheavailabilityofmaterialgoodsincreasesthedemandforpositionalgoodsbasedonsocialscarcity.Mostoftenitis“envy，emulation,orpride”creatingthiskindofscarcity,inwhichsatisfactionisderivedfromrelativepositionalone,beinginfront,orfrombeingbehind.”Aslongaspeopledesirewhatothersdesirescarcitywillbethenever-endingconditionofourlivesthatkeepsoureconomyrunning.Throughenvynearlyanyobjectcanturnintoadesirablecommoditypromisingunendinghappiness.

Modernadvertisingisthebestexampletoillustratetheimportanceofenvytokeepoureconomygoing.Advertisingusesenvytomakecommoditiesdesirable.Posters,announcementsandTV-spotsshowusenviablepeoplewhohavethosethingsandgoodswelackbutnonethelessneedtogainhappiness.Advertisementsellsproductswiththehelpofenviouscontagion.Mostofthetimeenvyitselfremainshiddenandisnotdirectlymentionedincommercials.Buteventhismaynolongerbetrue.Envyseemstoloseitstraditionalbadreputation.Moreandmorecommercialsdirectlyrefertoenvytomaketheircommoditiesmoredesirable.Themostwell-knownexampleofanopenreferencetoenvyisaperfumeproducedbytheItaliancompanyGucciwiththebrandname“Envy”promisingthatyouwillnotonlybeenviedforsomeexternalobjectthatbelongstoyoubutforyourveryself-embodiedinaseductivefragrance.

Thoseofyoufamiliarwithtraditionaldefinitionsofenvyandemulationmay,however,questionmythesisthatourmoderneconomyisdrivenbyenvy.Isitreallyenvythatgovernsoureconomyorwouldnotemulationbeamoreappropriateandlessmoralizingterm?Thereisaneasyanswertothisquestion.Inparallelwiththeemergenceofourmodernworldandtheriseofcapitalismthetraditionaldistinctionbetweenbadenvyandgoodemulationhasslowlylostitsmeaning.WhereImmanuelKant,forinstance,referstothepassionsnatureusestoturnasheepish,idleandinactiveArcadiaintoaprosperousculturehereferstoan“enviouslycompetitivevanity”thatnolongerallowsaneatdistinctionbetweenenvyandemulationbutmentionsaformofhumandesirecomprisingboththesetraditionallydistinguishedemotions.

1.Envyisthedrivingforceofmoderneconomicdevelopmentbecause（）.

2.Whatistheessenceofenvythatkeepseconomygoing?

3.Whatistheillusionadvertisementbringstoitsconsumers?

4.TaketheItalianperfume“Envy”foranexample,theword“envy”（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisbadenvy?

6.AccordingtoKant,thecommonnessbetweenenvyandemulationis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itgivesrisetomodernconsumerism

B.iturgespeopletopossessmoreandbettergoods

C.itistheprerequisiteofhighproductivity

D.thepassionofithelpsproducemoregoods

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thepursuitofvanity.

B.Thewishoftheprosperityofproducts.

C.Thecreativityofadvertisements.

D.Thefulfillmentofambition.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Onlythoseadvertisedgoodsaretrustworthy.

B.Togetwhathasbeenadvertisedistogainhappiness.

C.Tohaveafeelingthatonehasbecomethebestintheworld.

D.Themoreonepossesses,thehigherpositionhewillhave.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.meansmorepositivelynow

B.hastotallydifferentmeaningnow

C.hasbeenfullytakenadvantageof

D.canembodyabetterself

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thefeelingthatforcesustopreventotherspossessingthegoods.

B.Thefeelingthatmakesustrytoobtainthegoodsoftheother.

C.Astrongdesireforwhatotherspossess.

D.Anyoftheabove-mentionedfeelings.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.moralization

B.competitiveness

C.vanity

D.passion

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到現(xiàn)在資本主義依賴于它創(chuàng)造和增加稀缺的能力，在很大程度上依賴于無(wú)處不在的嫉妒（Moderncapitalismreliesonitsabilitytocreateandincreasescarcityanditthereforedependslargelyontheomnipresenceofenvy），通過(guò)嫉妒幾乎所有的商品都可能轉(zhuǎn)化成令人向往的商品（Throughenvynearlyanyobjectcanturnintoadesirablecommoditypromisingunendinghappiness），由此可知嫉妒能夠促使人們?nèi)碛懈喔玫纳唐?，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到只要人們渴望別人渴望的東西，我們生活中稀缺的商品就不會(huì)有止境，這樣我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)就能得以運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)（Aslongaspeopledesirewhatothersdesirescarcitywillbethenever-endingconditionofourlivesthatkeepsoureconomyrunning），因此選項(xiàng)A”追求虛榮”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。文章第二段第三句話提到海報(bào)、公告和電視廣告像我們展示了令人嫉妒的人擁有我們沒(méi)有的但需要有的東西，通過(guò)擁有這些東西可以獲得幸福（Posters,announcementsandTV-spotsshowusenviablepeoplewhohavethosethingsandgoodswelackbutnonethelessneedtogainhappiness），因此選項(xiàng)B”得到廣告中的東西就能得到幸?！本褪菑V告給消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)的幻覺(jué)。

4.判斷推理題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到嫉妒似乎失去了它傳統(tǒng)的壞名聲，越來(lái)越多的廣告直接提到嫉妒，使他們的商品更受歡迎，其中一個(gè)著名的例子就是意大利Gucci公司生產(chǎn)的一款名為”Envy”的香水。由此可知越來(lái)越多的廣告直接將這個(gè)詞當(dāng)成了賣(mài)點(diǎn)，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章中廣告利用的嫉妒心與傳統(tǒng)意義上的壞的嫉妒是不一樣的，廣告利用的嫉妒心是指你受人嫉妒的不僅是你所擁有的東西，還有這個(gè)東西所代表的自我（youwillnotonlybeenviedforsomeexternalobjectthatbelongstoyoubutforyourveryself-embodiedinaseductivefragrance），因此除此之外的嫉妒都可算作badenvy。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段提到激情（嫉妒）把一個(gè)怯弱的、無(wú)所事事的世外桃源變成了一種繁榮的文化，他稱其為”嫉妒的、攀比的虛榮”，使得嫉妒與模仿之間沒(méi)有明確的界限（WhereImmanuelKant,forinstance,referstothepassionsnatureusestoturnasheepish,idleandinactiveArcadiaintoaprosperousculturehereferstoan“enviouslycompetitivevanity”thatnolongerallowsaneatdistinctionbetweenenvyandemulation），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.單選題

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