考研考博-英語(yǔ)-商丘工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-商丘工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Bysigningtheleasewemadea（

）topayarentof$200aweek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conception

B.commission

C.commitment

D.confinement

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)conception“概念，設(shè)想”；B選項(xiàng)commission“委員會(huì)；傭金”；C選項(xiàng)commitment“承諾，保證”；D選項(xiàng)confinement“限制，監(jiān)禁”。句意：通過(guò)簽訂租約，我們承諾每周支付200美元的租金。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.填空題

Shesenthima（wool）（）sweaterashisbirthdaygift.

【答案】woolen

【解析】放在名詞前，應(yīng)該用形容詞。?

3.單選題

Whenwedrovealong,wesawheavywispsofsmokefromfactorychimneys（）upintotheair.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascending

B.fluctuating

C.spiraling

D.charging

【答案】A

【解析】ascendupinto...為固定搭配，表示“上升，升向”。這里指煙囪里的煙升向天空，選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.單選題

Theproperty-richbutcredit-starvedhomeownersareeasytargetsforsecond-mortgagecompanies,whosesalespeopleusephonedirectoriesor（）door-to-doorintargetedzipcodes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fickle

B.canvass

C.boon

D.deride

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞和動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fickle“浮躁的，易變的”；B選項(xiàng)canvass“游說(shuō)，推銷”；C選項(xiàng)boon“愉快的，慷慨的”；D選項(xiàng)deride“嘲笑，嘲弄”。句意：那些擁有大量房產(chǎn)但缺乏信貸的房主很容易成為次級(jí)抵押貸款公司的目標(biāo)，這些公司的銷售人員利用電話號(hào)碼簿或在目標(biāo)郵政編碼地區(qū)挨家挨戶進(jìn)行推銷。本句表示向目標(biāo)房主進(jìn)行推銷。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

______isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.What

B.As

C.It

D.That

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)取決于生產(chǎn)的順利發(fā)展。as引出非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，代替整個(gè)主句，對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，通常均由逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。B選項(xiàng)As符合題意，其余選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Mostcharismatic（有魅力的）leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes（趣聞?shì)W事）.Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.

Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.

Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.

Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped（狹窄的）spacethatyouknowwell.”

Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.

Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.

1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefemaleemployeeinthesecondexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?

2.ThelifeofWillieB.usedtobe（

）.

3.ThestoryofWillieB.showsthat

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.WecansafelyconcludefromthepassagethattheFordseniorexecutive（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseshealwaysreceivesthecompanychairmanwarmly.

B.Becauseshedefied,lower-rankingemployees.

C.Becauseshewasaresponsibleemployee.

D.Becausesheneverforgetstowearasecuritybadge.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.interesting

B.morecomfortable

C.closetonature

D.isolated

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ittakestimeandcouragetofaceandadapttoanewenvironment

B.animalsarequitereluctanttochangetheirhabitats

C.WillieB.likestotestgrasswithonetoe

D.peoplearealwaysreadytomeetthedifficultiesresultingfromchanges

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Manyacharismaticleadertendstomakethemostofanecdotesandstories.

B.Itisalwaysagoodideatocollectanecdotesthatarewidelyused.

C.Personalmagnetismisbuiltupbyreadingbooks,magazinesandnewsletters.

D.Tobecomeaneffectivestory-telleronehasonlytocreateausefulanecdotefile.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasaneffectiveleaderwhoalwaystoldstoriestohisemployees

B.wasapersonwhooftencitedwidely-usedanecdotestoinfluenceothers

C.wasabletohelpmeetingparticipantsunderstandthecomingchangesbetter

D.alwaysusedanecdotestohelpemployeesunderstandcompanypolicies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段第二句指出:...alower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities(一個(gè)低職位員工違抗高級(jí)別領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，是為了履行其工作職貴),由此可知答案選C“因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)有責(zé)任心的員工”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:...agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo(在亞特蘭大一個(gè)被隔離且沉悶的動(dòng)物園內(nèi)生活27年的大猩猩),可知D項(xiàng)“隔離的”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第四段:nomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace(無(wú)論新環(huán)境多么有吸引力，都得花時(shí)間，且需要勇氣離開(kāi)舒適安全的地方)。由此可知選A項(xiàng)“面對(duì)與適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是花時(shí)間且需要勇氣的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Mostcharismaticleadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(大部分有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都懂得充分利用軼事)推斷A項(xiàng)“許多有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會(huì)充分利用各類奇聞?shì)W事與故事”正確。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences(盡量排除那些被廣泛引用的軼事，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)讓聽(tīng)眾感到乏味)推斷B“收集被廣泛運(yùn)用的軼事是一個(gè)很不錯(cuò)的主意”與原文不符。根據(jù)文章最后一段的theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability(這項(xiàng)技能是非常值得學(xué)習(xí)的，因?yàn)樗軒椭蛟靷€(gè)人魅力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能)推斷C項(xiàng)“通過(guò)閱讀書籍、雜志和時(shí)事新聞，可以打造個(gè)人魅力”與原文不符。文章并沒(méi)有說(shuō)要想成為一個(gè)高效的講故事者，只需制作一個(gè)有用的奇聞?shì)W事記錄冊(cè)。故D項(xiàng)沒(méi)有根據(jù)。因此選A。

5.判斷推理題。第二段指出:manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecomingchangesweregoingtobeforemployees(在離會(huì)時(shí)很多人可能都了解了接下來(lái)的改變對(duì)員工來(lái)說(shuō)意味著多大的困難),因此C項(xiàng)“能夠幫助與會(huì)人員更好理解即將到來(lái)的變化”正確。而A項(xiàng)“是個(gè)高效率的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，且習(xí)慣于向員工講故事”和B項(xiàng)“是個(gè)經(jīng)常喜歡引經(jīng)據(jù)典影響他人的人”在原文中并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)。D項(xiàng)“習(xí)慣于引經(jīng)據(jù)典幫助員工理解公司政策的人”,文章中也找不到根據(jù)。

7.單選題

Whenitworks,itcanbefantastic,butcanveryeasily（）intoanightmareofthemostseriousproportions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.backwash

B.backdate

C.backlash

D.backfire

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)backwash“回流、反響”，B項(xiàng)backdate“回溯”，C項(xiàng)backlash“強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)”，D項(xiàng)backfire“產(chǎn)生出乎意料及事與愿違的結(jié)果”；句意：當(dāng)它發(fā)揮作用時(shí)，可能是非常奇妙的，但也很容易事與愿違，變成最嚴(yán)重的噩夢(mèng)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thebuildingcollapsedbecauseitsfoundationwasnotstrongenoughto（）theweightofthebuilding.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subside

B.idealize

C.initiate

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Subside平息，減退；idealize使理想化；initiate開(kāi)始，發(fā)起；sustain支撐，支持。句意:根據(jù)句中collapsed判定空格應(yīng)填入與strong同向的詞。選項(xiàng)中，sustain支撐，支持。句意：建筑物倒塌因?yàn)榈鼗粔蚶喂?，無(wú)法（）它的重量。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

EstherwantedtogotoPhiladelphiabyherself,butherparentswouldnotgivetheir（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contest

B.consent

C.convenience

D.control

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)contest“比賽，爭(zhēng)論”；B選項(xiàng)consent“同意，準(zhǔn)許”；C選項(xiàng)convenience“便利”；D選項(xiàng)control“控制，管理”。根據(jù)句意“Esther想自己去費(fèi)城，但她的父母不同意”。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

10.單選題

Doyouthinkthisjacketandtrouserswill______asuit?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.passoff

B.passover

C.passup

D.passfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。passoff“停止”；passover“忽略”；passup“升起，拒絕”；passfor“被認(rèn)為，當(dāng)作”。句意：你認(rèn)為這件夾克和褲子可以看作是一套嗎？選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

TheBenefitsofNewUrbanism

(1)Newurbanismisthemostimportantplanningmovementinthiscentury,andisaboutcreatingabetterfutureforusall.Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.Newurbanismistherevivalofourlostartofplace-making,andisessentiallyare-orderingofthebuiltenvironmentintotheformofcompletecities,towns,villages,andneighborhoods—thewaycommunitieshavebeenbuiltforcenturiesaroundtheworld.Newurbanisminvolvesfixingandinfillingcities,aswellasthecreationofcompactnewtownsandvillages.Thebenefitsofnewurbanismareasfollows:

BenefitstoResidents

(2)Higherqualityoflife;betterplacesinwhichtolive,work,andplay;morestablepropertyvalues;lesstrafficcongestionandlessdriving;healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress;closeproximitytomainstreetretailandservices;closeproximitytobiketrail,parks,andnature;pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown,resultinginmeaningfulrelationshipswithmorepeople,andfriendliertown;morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem;greatsavingstoresidentsandschoolboardsinreducedbusingcostsfromchildrenbeingabletowalkorbicycletoneighborhoodschools;morediversityandsmaller,uniqueshopsandserviceswithlocalownerswhoareinvolvedincommunity;bigsavingsbydrivingless,andowninglesscars;lessugly,congestedsprawltodealwithdaily;bettersenseofplaceandcommunityidentitywithmoreuniquearchitecture;moreopenspacetoenjoythatwillremainopenspace;moreefficientuseoftaxmoneywithlessspentonutilitiesandroadsusedforthesprawl.

BenefitstoBusinesses

(3)Increasedsalesduetomorefoottrafficandpeoplespendinglessoncarsandgas;moreprofitsduetospendinglessonadvertisingandlargesigns;betterlifestylebylivingnearworkunitssavesthestressfulandcostlycommute;economiesofscaleinmarketingduetocloseproximityandcooperationwithotherlocalbusinessincubation;lowerrentsduetosmallerspacesandsmallerparkinglots;healthierlifestyleduetomorewalkingandbeingnearhealthierrestaurants;morecommunityinvolvementfrombeingpartofcommunityandknowingresidents.

(4)BenefitstoDevelopers.Moreincomepotentialfromhigherdensitymixed-useprojectsduetomoreleasablesquarefootage,moresalespersquarefoot,andhigherpropertyvaluesandsellingprices;fasterapprovalsincommunitiesthathaveadoptedsmartgrowthprinciplesresultingincost/timesayings:costsavingsinparkingfacilitiesinmixed-usepropertiesduetosharingofspacesthroughoutthedayandnight,resultinginlessduplicationinprovidingparking;lessneedforparkingfacilitiesduetomixofresidencesandcommercialuseswithinwalkingdistanceofeachother;lessimpactonroads/traffic,whichcanresultinlowerimpactfees;lowercostofutilitiesduetocompactnatureofnewurbanistdesign;fasterselloutduetogreateracceptancebyconsumersfromawiderproductrangeresultinginwidermarketshare.

BenefitstoMunicipalities

(5)Stable,appreciatingtaxbase;lessspentpercapitaoninfrastructureandutilitiesthantypicalsuburbandevelopmentduetocompacthigh-densitynatureofprojects;increasedtaxbaseduetomorebuildingspackedintoatighterarea;lesstrafficcongestionduetowalkabilityofdesign;lesscrimeandlessmoneyspentonpoliceduetothepresenceofmorepeopledayandnight;betteroverallcommunityimageandsenseofplace;lessincentivetosprawlwhenurbancoreareaisdesirable;easytoinstalltransitwhereit’snot,andimproveitwhereitis;greatercivicinvolvementofpopulationleadingtobettergovernance.

(6)Themosteffectivewaytoimplementnewurbanismittoplanforit,andwriteitintozoninganddevelopmentcodes.Thisdirectsallfuturedevelopmentintothisform.

(7)Increasingly,regionalplanningtechniquesarebeingusedtocontrolandshapegrowthintocompact,high-density,mixed-useneighborhoods,villages,towns,andcities.Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD).Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.

(8)Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.Italsopreventscongestionproblemsandtheenvironmentaldegradationnormallyassociatedwithgrowth.

(9)Therearesomeobstaclesinimplementationofnewurbanism.Themostimportantobstacletoovercomeistherestrictiveandincorrectzoningcodescurrentlyinforceinmostmunicipalities.Currentcodesdonotallownewurbanismtobebuilt,butdoallowsprawl.

(10)AnequallyimportantobstacleisthecontinuousroadbuildingandexpansiontakingplaceineverycommunityacrossAmerica.Thisencouragesmoredrivingandmoresprawlwhichhasadominoeffectonincreasingtrafficcongestionacrosstheregion.Haltingroadprojectsandbuildingnewtrainsystemcanhelpreversethisproblematictrend.

1.Apedestrianstreetisastreet（）.

2.Accordingtothepassagenewurbanismemphasizes（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanBESTsummarizethebenefitsofnewurbanismtoresidents?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Topreservetheenvironment,newurbanismlaysstresson（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suitableforbicycling

B.suitableforwalking

C.designedforpedals

D.designedforscooters

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theexpansionofurbanareas

B.theartisticdecorationofnewly-builtbuildings

C.theimprovementofthebuiltenvironment

D.theenvironmentalpreservation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Compactnessincivicstructure,conveniencesandeconomiesinlife.

B.Betterrelationshipswithmorepeopleandafriendliertown.

C.Easyshoppingandmoreservicesthatreducebusingcosts.

D.Walkability,healthierlifestyleandmorefreedom.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Newurbanismlikestodesignmoreroadsinordertofacilitatethetraffic.

B.Newurbanismfavorsthetransportationwithnewrailwaysystems.

C.Newurbanistplannersopposetopedestrianfriendlydesign.

D.Newurbanistplannersdonotsupporttheinfilldevelopment.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thereductionoffactories

B.thesprawlofthecity

C.thelesseningoftrafficjams

D.thecompactgrowthoftheurbanarea

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)去認(rèn)識(shí)鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人），說(shuō)明pedestrianstreet是對(duì)行人友好的社區(qū)。因此B選項(xiàng)“適合行走”正確。A選項(xiàng)“適合騎自行車”，C選項(xiàng)“為腳踏車設(shè)計(jì)”和D選項(xiàng)“為小型摩托車設(shè)計(jì)”都不是指步行，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.（它是一場(chǎng)改革建筑環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)的國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)，是通過(guò)創(chuàng)造更好的居住場(chǎng)所來(lái)提高我們的生活質(zhì)量和生活水平。），說(shuō)明新城市主義強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)居住環(huán)境的改善。因此C選項(xiàng)“改善建筑環(huán)境”正確。A選項(xiàng)“城市地區(qū)的擴(kuò)張”，B選項(xiàng)“新建筑的藝術(shù)裝飾”和D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境保護(hù)”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“residents”可以定位到文章第二段，healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress（更健康的生活方式，更多的步行和更少的壓力）說(shuō)明新城市主義對(duì)居民健康生活方式的好處；pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)去認(rèn)識(shí)鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人）說(shuō)明了新城市主義注重人的步行友好性；morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem（讓孩子、老人和窮人有更多的自由和獨(dú)立，他們有能力去工作、娛樂(lè)和服務(wù)，而不需要搭乘汽車或別人給他們開(kāi)車）說(shuō)明了新城市主義為居民帶來(lái)了更多的自由。因此D選項(xiàng)“適合步行，更健康的生活方式和更多的自由?！弊钅芨爬ㄐ鲁鞘兄髁x為居民帶來(lái)的好處。A選項(xiàng)“城市結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊，生活的便利和經(jīng)濟(jì)”中城市結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊是對(duì)城市的好處，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“更好的人際關(guān)系和更友好的城市”，C選項(xiàng)“方便的購(gòu)物和更多的服務(wù)，減少巴士費(fèi)用”都只是對(duì)居民帶來(lái)好處的一部分，不能完整概括新城市主義為居民帶來(lái)的好處，所以B，C錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“railwaysystems”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment.（規(guī)劃新的鐵路系統(tǒng)——而不是更多的道路——如果設(shè)計(jì)與區(qū)域土地規(guī)劃相協(xié)調(diào)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生最好的效果。），說(shuō)明新城市主義注重于新的鐵路系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃。因此B選項(xiàng)“新城市主義用新的鐵路系統(tǒng)促進(jìn)交通?！闭_。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“moreroads”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresults（規(guī)劃新的鐵路系統(tǒng)——而不是修建更多的公路能帶來(lái)最好的結(jié)果），說(shuō)明新城市主義不主張修建更多的公路。因此A選項(xiàng)“新城市主義喜歡設(shè)計(jì)更多的道路，以方便交通?！辈环显?。由C選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)去認(rèn)識(shí)鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人），說(shuō)明新城市主義者注重行人友好性。因此C選項(xiàng)“新城市主義規(guī)劃師反對(duì)行人友好的設(shè)計(jì)?！辈环显?。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“infilldevelopment”可以定位到第七段最后一句Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.（與此同時(shí)，城市地區(qū)的振興引導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)對(duì)城市中心的填充式開(kāi)發(fā)。），說(shuō)明新城市主義者是支持“infilldevelopment”的。因此D選項(xiàng)“新城市主義規(guī)劃師不支持填充開(kāi)發(fā)?！辈环显摹?/p>

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“environment”可以定位到第八段第一句Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.（緊湊發(fā)展的規(guī)劃，而不是讓它向外擴(kuò)張，有可能極大地提高環(huán)境質(zhì)量。），說(shuō)明為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，新城市主義強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緊湊發(fā)展的規(guī)劃。因此D選項(xiàng)“城市區(qū)域的緊湊發(fā)展”正確。A選項(xiàng)“工廠的減少”，B選項(xiàng)“城市的擴(kuò)張”和C選項(xiàng)“交通堵塞的減輕”都和保護(hù)環(huán)境無(wú)關(guān)，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

12.單選題

______Ihavealreadymentioned,cardiosurgeryisoneoftheamazingnewsurgicaltechniquesthathavebeendevelopedinrecentyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Which

B.What

C.As

D.This

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：正如我已經(jīng)提到的，心臟外科手術(shù)是近年來(lái)發(fā)展起來(lái)的令人驚奇的外科新技術(shù)之一。根據(jù)題干中兩個(gè)完整的句子用逗號(hào)連接，以及選項(xiàng)中的引導(dǎo)詞，可知考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可放在句首，修飾后面的主句或主句的一部分，意思為“正如，像”，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)放在所修飾部分或主句后面，不放在句首；B選項(xiàng)what不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；D選項(xiàng)this為指示代詞，不引導(dǎo)從句。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thechild’sparentswere______intoacceptingthedemandofthekidnappers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleaded

B.intoxicated

C.intimidated

D.besieged

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)plead“借口，為……辯護(hù)，托稱”，B項(xiàng)intoxicate“（酒或毒品）（使）麻醉，（使）中毒”，C項(xiàng)intimidate“恐嚇，威脅，脅迫”，D項(xiàng)besiege“圍困，包圍，煩擾”。由kidnappers“綁匪”可知，空格處填入“恐嚇”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：孩子的父母受到恐嚇而接受了綁架者的要求。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thehelicopter（

）alightplaneandbothpilotswerekilled.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.coincidedwith

B.stumbledon

C.tumbledto

D.collidedwith

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。coincidewith意為“與……一致”；stumbleon意為“無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”；tumbleto意為“跌到”；collidewith意為“與……相撞”。句意：直升機(jī)與一架輕型飛機(jī)相撞，兩名飛行員都遇難了。

15.單選題

TheFordFoundationisoneoftheworld'swealthiestphilanthropicorganizations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.profligate

B.governmental

C.humanitarian

D.multinational

【答案】C

【解析】福特基金會(huì)是世界上最富有的慈善組織之一。philanthropic意為“博愛(ài)的，仁慈的”。profligate放蕩的；governmental政府的，政治的；humanitarian人道主義的，博愛(ài)的；multinational多國(guó)的。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

16.單選題

Haveyouafunny（）orunusualexperiencethatyouwouldliketoshare?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amusement

B.incident

C.accident

D.section

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你有想分享的有趣事情或不同尋常的經(jīng)歷嗎？

考查名詞辨析。amusement娛樂(lè)，快樂(lè)；incident事件；accident意外事故；section部分，地區(qū)。因此B符合句意。

17.單選題

TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKornFerry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom,hashadanimpactontheboardroom—albeitatanaverageimplementationcostthatKornFerryestimatesat$5.lmperfirm.

Twoyearsago,only41%ofAmericanfirmssaidtheyregularlyheldmeetingsofdirectorswithouttheirchiefexecutivepresent’thisyearthefigurewas93%.Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.

Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.AnothersurveyofAmericanboardspublishedthisweek,byA.T.Kearney,afirmofconsultants,foundthatin200214%oftheboardsofS&P500firmshadseparatedtheroles,andafurther16%saidtheyplannedtodoso.Butby2004only23%overallhadtakentheplunge.AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.

Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing‘‘staggered’’boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforreelectioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.Inventedasadefenseagainsttakeover,suchboards,accordingtoanewHarvardLawSchoolstudybyLucianBebchukandAlmaCohen,areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.

Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly—from63%in2001to60%in2003,accordingtotheInvestorResponsibilityResearchCentre.Andmanyofthosefirmsthathavebeenforcedbyshareholderstoabolishthesystemaredoingsoonlyslowly.Merck,apharmaceuticalcompanyintroubleoverthepossibleside-effectsofitsarthritisdrugVioxx,isallowingitsdirectorstoruntheirfulltermbeforeintroducingasysteminwhichtheyareallreelected(orotherwise)annually.Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.

56.TheSarbanes-Oxleyactismostprobablyabout____.

57.Theword“backlash”mostprobablymeans____.

58.Accordingtothetext,separatingtherolesbetweenchairmanandchiefexecutiveis____.

59.Welearnfromthetextthata“staggered”board____.

60.TowardtheboardpracticeofAmericancompanies,thewriter’sattitudecanbesaidtobe____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.corporatecost

B.corporatescandal

C.corporategovernance

D.corporatemanagement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aviolentforce

B.astrongimpetus

C.afirmmeasure

D.astrongnegativereaction

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whatmanyEuropeancompaniesdo

B.notapopularideaamongAmericanentrepreneurs

C.acommonpracticeinAmericancompanies

D.amusttokeepthehealthofacompany

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canbevotedownbyshareholders

B.givesitsboardmemberstoomuchpower

C.hasbeenabolishedbymostAmericancompanies

D.isadversetotheincrementoffirmvalue

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.pessimistic

C.biased

D.critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】56.判斷推理題。題干“Sarbanes-Oxley法案最有可能是關(guān)于____的”，可定位到第1段第2句Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom,hashadanimpactontheboardroom…（今年11月12日公布的審查結(jié)果顯示，Sarbanes-Oxley法案對(duì)董事會(huì)產(chǎn)生了影響。Sarbanes-Oxley法案于2002年通過(guò)，旨在防止像Enron和WorldCom這樣的公司倒閉事件重演。）由此可知，審查發(fā)現(xiàn)，該法案防止公司倒閉的措施對(duì)董事會(huì)產(chǎn)生了影響。根據(jù)此句前一句TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKornFerry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.（獵頭公司KornFerry對(duì)美國(guó)公司董事會(huì)做法的年度評(píng)估，是衡量公司治理健康與否的有用指標(biāo)。）由此可知，該審查是衡量corporategovernance（企業(yè)管治）的，由此推斷，該法案是關(guān)于corporategovernance（企業(yè)管治）的，C選項(xiàng)“corporategovernance（企業(yè)管治）”與原文表述一致。干擾選項(xiàng)D“corporatemanagement（企業(yè)管理經(jīng)營(yíng)）”，與原文表述有出入，由于原文使用的是corporategovernance，所以，C選項(xiàng)比D選項(xiàng)更合適；A選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)成本”、B選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)丑聞”不符合語(yǔ)境，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

57.詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第2段第2句Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.（但令人驚訝的是，一些事情沒(méi)有受到對(duì)企業(yè)丑聞的____的影響。）后文有針對(duì)該觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行舉例。Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.（例如，盡管越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為前首席執(zhí)行官不應(yīng)該進(jìn)入他們公司的董事會(huì)，但他們進(jìn)入董事會(huì)的美國(guó)公司的比例實(shí)際上已經(jīng)從2003年的23%上升到2004年的25%。）由案例可知，前首席執(zhí)行官進(jìn)入董事會(huì)的比例并沒(méi)有受到越來(lái)越多人反對(duì)的影響。由此推斷“越來(lái)越多人持反對(duì)觀點(diǎn)”是一種backlash，所以backlash的意思應(yīng)該是負(fù)面的。另外，根據(jù)單詞backlash中的back推斷，該詞的詞義是“反—，往回—”，綜合而言，D選項(xiàng)“一種強(qiáng)烈的負(fù)面反應(yīng)”更符合語(yǔ)境。A選項(xiàng)“一種強(qiáng)烈的力量”、B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)力”的情感基調(diào)不對(duì)，排除；C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)強(qiáng)力的措施”，沒(méi)有依據(jù)說(shuō)明是“措施”，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

58.判斷推理題。題干“根據(jù)文章，拆分董事長(zhǎng)和首席執(zhí)行官的職位____”，可定位到第3段。A、B選項(xiàng)，可定位到第3段最后一句AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.（今年早些時(shí)候，麥肯錫咨詢公司（McKinsey）的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，70%的美國(guó)董事和投資者支持拆分職位的想法，這在歐洲是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法。）由此可知，拆分董事長(zhǎng)和首席執(zhí)行官的做法在歐洲是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法，所以A選項(xiàng)“許多歐洲公司這樣做”表述符合原文。另外，70%的美國(guó)董事和投資者支持拆分職位的想法，說(shuō)明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)還是比較受美國(guó)董事和投資者歡迎的，B選項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)企業(yè)家中并不受歡迎”表述不符合原文，排除；C選項(xiàng)“是美國(guó)公司的慣例”，可定位到第3段第1句Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.（同樣令人失望的是，很少有公司將董事長(zhǎng)和首席執(zhí)行官的職位分開(kāi)。）由此可知，雖然不少美國(guó)的董事和投資者支持拆分職位，但是很少有公司真正這么做，選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符，排除；D選項(xiàng)“公司的健康發(fā)展是必不可少的”，原文并未提及，排除；因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

59.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“我們從課文中得知，一個(gè)‘交錯(cuò)’董事會(huì)____”，可定位到第4、5段。A選項(xiàng)“可以被股東投票否決”，可定位到第5段倒數(shù)第2句Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.（其他公司的分級(jí)董事會(huì)制度在公司章程中根深蒂固，股東投票無(wú)法修改公司章程。）由此可知，“交錯(cuò)”董事會(huì)無(wú)法被股東投票否決，選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符，排除；B選項(xiàng)“給予董事會(huì)成員過(guò)多的權(quán)力”，可定位到第4段第1句…‘staggered’’boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforreelectioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.（……“交錯(cuò)”董事會(huì)——每年只有三分之一的董事改選，任期為三年。）由此可知，按照“交錯(cuò)”董事會(huì)的規(guī)定，每年三分之一的董事需要改選，其實(shí)是限制了董事會(huì)成員的權(quán)力的，選項(xiàng)表述不符合原文，排除；C選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)被大多數(shù)美國(guó)公司廢除了”，可定位到第5段第1句Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly—from63%in2001to60%in2003（盡管如此，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)的公司實(shí)行分級(jí)董事會(huì)的比例僅略有下降——從2001年的63%下降到2003年的60%）由此可知，到2003年還有60%（大多數(shù)）的公司實(shí)行“交錯(cuò)”董事會(huì)，選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符，排除；D選項(xiàng)“不利于企業(yè)價(jià)值的增長(zhǎng)”，可定位到第4段最后一句…suchboards…areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.（這樣的董事會(huì)無(wú)疑“與公司價(jià)值在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的顯著下降有關(guān)”。）由此可知，“交錯(cuò)”董事會(huì)使公司經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值下降，選項(xiàng)表述符合原文。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

60.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干“對(duì)于美國(guó)公司的董事會(huì)實(shí)踐，作者的態(tài)度可以說(shuō)是____?！北绢}詢問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)于美國(guó)公司董事會(huì)實(shí)踐的態(tài)度，可以從文中表達(dá)情感的詞推斷，第3段Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.（同樣令人失望的是，很少有公司將董事長(zhǎng)和首席執(zhí)行官的職位分開(kāi)。）由此定位到前一段，找到前一個(gè)令人失望的點(diǎn)，Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.（但令人驚訝的是，一些事情沒(méi)有受到對(duì)企業(yè)丑聞的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)的影響。）第4段Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing‘‘staggered’’boards…（另一個(gè)令人失望的是，在廢除“交錯(cuò)”董事會(huì)方面進(jìn)展緩慢……）由此可知，作者對(duì)美國(guó)公司董事會(huì)的實(shí)踐非常失望；最后一段最后一句Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.（如果有人認(rèn)為2001年的丑聞會(huì)迅速改變經(jīng)理和老板之間的權(quán)力平衡，往好了說(shuō)，那也只是一種天真的想法。）由此可知，作者認(rèn)為美國(guó)董事會(huì)改革比較難，綜合而言，B選項(xiàng)“悲觀的”最符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“客觀的”（一般要從正反兩方闡述觀點(diǎn)）、C選項(xiàng)“帶有偏見(jiàn)的”沒(méi)有依據(jù)，排除；干擾選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)“批判的,不贊成的”，作者并沒(méi)有不贊成美國(guó)董事會(huì)的改革實(shí)踐，只是覺(jué)得它進(jìn)行比較難，比較慢；另外critical也可指有判斷力的，公正的，充分考慮優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，而文章中只是表達(dá)作者的失望，從這一層意思來(lái)看，D選項(xiàng)也不合適。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

18.單選題

Theyoungapplicantisundergreat___atthethoughtofup-comingjobinterview.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comprehension

B.apprehension

C.miscomprehension

D.concern

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)comprehension“理解（理解某事的能力）；包含”；B選項(xiàng)apprehensio