考研考博-英語-四川工商職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川工商職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.Nowweprovideasmokefreeworkingenvironment.Why?

Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.

Still,abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems.Since25percentofouremployeessmoke,weareofferingthemon-the-jobsmoking-cessationclassesandcounseling.OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes,asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine.Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”Wearenot.Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees.Smokersarenotaprotectedclass.Nomatterwhattheirrace,color,religion,sexornationalorigin,theycannotsmokeatwork.

Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles.Weencourageouremployeestoquitsmokingaltogether,buttheycannotsmokeonthejob.Wesimplycannotaffordtheirhabit.Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth-carefinancing,wehaveanobligationtoprovethat,ifproperlyconceived,asmoke-freeworkingenvironmentisattainable.Thisisn’tacrusade.Thisisabusinessdecision.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Thepurposeofthisarticleis______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedbytheauthorasjustificationforregulatingtobaccosmokingonthejob?

問題1選項

A.Thesmokingemployees,onthewhole,feltuncomfortableaboutthecorporation’srulesthatpermittednosmokingintheworkplace.

B.Thebanoncigarettesmokingwasintroducedatthecompanygraduallyandconditionally.

C.Smokerswereconsideredaquerulousminorityatthemainofficeofthefirm.

D.Smokingwasbannedatthefirm’sheadquartersabruptlyandcompletely.

問題2選項

A.Cigaretteadvertisinggenerallymakesuseoftheappealofseductiveimages.

B.Cigaretteadvertisingtendstoremindpeopleoftherelationshipbetweensmokingandagoodlife.

C.Cigaretteadvertising,asarule,isdesignedtomisleadnonsmokers.

D.Mostcigaretteadvertisingistargetedatstrongandattractivemenandwomen.

問題3選項

A.tocriticizethehabitofcigarettesmokingasahealthhazard

B.toemphasizetheattainabilityofasmokefreeworkingenvironment

C.todefendthepracticeofcontrollingsmokingintheworkplace

D.topresentanargumentformakingsmokingasolelyjob-relatedissue

問題4選項

A.Theassumptionthatsmokers,duetotheirtime-consuminghabit,arenotasefficientatworkasnonsmokers.

B.Thenotionthattobaccosmokingseriouslycontaminatestheworkingenvironment.

C.Smoking-relatedhealthproblemsthatcauseprematuredeaths.

D.Thefactthatthenationaleconomyisweakenedbysmoking-relatedcosts.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪一項是正確的？”。文章第一段指出ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.（我負責的公司在上周深吸了一口新鮮空氣，然后就徹底戒掉了吸煙壞習慣。在家庭辦公室里工作，吸煙是完全禁止的。），根據(jù)wentcoldturkey（快速戒掉壞習慣）這個詞語，可以推斷出公司是突然禁止吸煙，故D項“公司總部突然全面禁止吸煙”正確，由此也可知B項“該公司逐步、有條件地實行了禁煙令”錯誤；根據(jù)第三段中的Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”（在我們的3000名家庭辦公室員工中，大多數(shù)人支持我們的新政策，吸煙者和不吸煙者都是一樣的，但有少數(shù)人抱怨說，我們?yōu)槭裁匆捌缫曃鼰熣摺?。）可知，關于公司的禁煙令，包括吸煙者和不吸煙者在內，大部分的員工是支持的，只有少數(shù)人有抱怨，這其中可能有吸煙者可能也有不吸煙者，因此A項“總的來說，吸煙的員工對公司規(guī)定不允許在工作場所吸煙感到不舒服”和C項“在公司的主要辦公室里，吸煙者被認為是少數(shù)愛發(fā)牢騷的人”錯誤。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列哪一項可以從文章中推斷出來？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.（任何每年殺死35萬美國人的事情都應該采取果斷的行動，所有強壯的牛仔和黃褐色頭發(fā)的迷人的女人都不能充分地鼓吹香煙廣告，來掩蓋這個國家七分之一的死亡與吸煙有關的事實。）可以推斷，香煙廣告通常都是以誘人的形象來展示，故A項“香煙廣告通常利用誘人形象的吸引力”正確；B項“香煙廣告傾向于提醒人們吸煙和美好生活之間的關系”從文中推斷不出來；C項“一般來說，香煙廣告是為了誤導不吸煙的人”也不正確，香煙廣告既可能誘導不吸煙者也可能誤導吸煙者；D項“大多數(shù)香煙廣告的目標是強壯和有吸引力的男人和女人”顛倒了文章意思。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的目的是什么？”。通讀全文可知，文章第一段通過公司突然禁煙的做法引出了無煙工作環(huán)境的觀點，第二段闡述了提供無煙工作環(huán)境的原因，即吸煙的一系列危害，接著第三段講到了公司為了實行禁令為員工做的一些努力和大多數(shù)員工對禁令的支持，然后最后一段總結，吸煙導致的增加的醫(yī)療費用、死亡和工作時間損失都會給經濟造成一定的損失，所以提供無煙工作環(huán)境是一個商業(yè)的決策；綜合全文我們可以推斷出，這篇文章的目的是給“提供無煙工作環(huán)境”這一策略做辯護，C項“為在工作場所控制吸煙的做法辯護”符合題意；A項“批判吸煙的習慣對健康有害”和B項“強調無煙工作環(huán)境的可獲得性”都是文章的部分內容，不足以概括全文；D項“提出一個關于讓吸煙成為僅僅是與工作相關的問題的論點”不符合文意。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“下列哪項不是作者用以作為管制工作期間吸煙的理由？”。由第二段最后兩句Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.（與此相關的成本也在侵蝕我們的經濟。最近的一份報告估計，吸煙者使用醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)的人數(shù)至少比不吸煙者多50%；他們每天要浪費30分鐘的時間摸索火柴和打火機，吸食誘人的毒藥。）以及最后一段中的倒數(shù)第二句Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.（根據(jù)一項國會研究，每年因吸煙而增加的醫(yī)療費用、過早死亡和工作時間損失給經濟造成的損失平均為650億美元）可知，A項“由于吸煙者耗時的習慣，所以在工作效率不如不吸煙者的假設”、C項“與吸煙有關的導致過早死亡的健康問題”和D項“與吸煙有關的成本削弱了國民經濟的事實”都是禁止工作期間吸煙的理由；只有B項“吸煙嚴重污染工作環(huán)境的觀點”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

2.單選題

Herparentswantedtochangehermindsotheytriedto______hertotheirwayofthinking.

問題1選項

A.convert

B.alter

C.transfer

D.convey

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項convert“(使)轉變，改變”，指改變形式、特性、信仰、觀點等；B選項alter“改變，更改”指部分更改，仍保留本質和總體結構；C選項transfer“(使)轉移，搬遷，(使)調動”；D選項convey“表達，傳遞(思想、感情等)”。根據(jù)指theirwayofthinking可知選A。句意：她的父母想改變她的想法，所以他們試圖讓她轉變到他們的思維方式。

3.單選題

問題1選項

A.Seriousofhighbloodpressure.

B.Medicationofhighbloodpressure.

C.Quantityofmedicationforhighbloodpressure.

D.Complaintaboutthemedicationforhighbloodpressure.

問題2選項

A.Toincreasedosage.

B.Tocutdosage.

C.Tochangeintoanothermedication.

D.Toaddanothermedication.

問題3選項

A.Taketwomedicationseveryday.

B.Toreducethedosage.

C.Toconsiderthemedicationsherecommended.

D.Tocheckthemedicationoutoninternet.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】第1題:在對話中反復出現(xiàn)了“medication”這個詞，且一開始這個男性就說到“bloodpressure”的問題，因此他們談論的就是“治療高血壓的藥物”。B選項正確。

第2題:對話中男性說到“AndIwanttoaddanotherdrugtorelieveyoursymptom”，說明是要再增加一種藥物，以緩解高血壓藥的副作用。D選項正確。

第3題:最后，這個女性說到“Whataboutthismedication?”以及說到自己朋友用過，且說效果好，自己也查過。說明她想要醫(yī)生考慮她推薦的藥物。C選項正確。

4.單選題

______hisknowledgeandacademicbackground,heisbasicallystupid.

問題1選項

A.Butfor

B.Accordingto

C.Forall

D.Thanksto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。butfor“要不是；如果沒有”；accordingto“根據(jù)，依據(jù)”；forall“盡管，雖然”；thanksto“由于，幸虧”。句意：盡管他知識淵博，也受過教育，但本質上是愚蠢的。選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.“Althoughweseebeesbuzzingaroundtirelesslyinspringandsummer,thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception,”hesaid.Peopleonlyreallyseebeeswhenthey’reoutflying,ortheylookatacolonyofbeesandseethousandsofthembuzzingaround.Theydon’tgettopickthemoutasindividuals.Theprofessor,whothismonthwonaGermanZoologicalSocietyawardforhisworkonbees,addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.

ThesuggestionthatbeeswerenotpullingtheirweightmetwithskepticismfromBritishbeekeepers.GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient,“Atanyparticularstageinitsenergybydoingnothing.Eachbeehasaunitoflifeenergyandthefasteritworks,thefasteritdies.Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.”

Theideaofthebusybeeisseveralthousandyearsold.OnecurrentauthorwhohasnothingbutadmirationforthebeeisPaulTheroux,thenovelistandpart-timebeekeeper.”Ihaveneverseenabeesleeping.Mybeesneverstopworking,”hesaid.Mr.TherouxaddedthatProf.Menzel’sresearchcouldhavebeenaffectedbyhisnationalorigins.“PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy,”hesaid.

Fewpeoplethinkthatthebusybeeideawillgoaway,despitetheeffortsofProf.Menzel.Itseemsabsurdtoapplytheword“l(fā)azy”toacolonyofcreaturescapableofproducingsomethingsoextraordinaryashoneycomb.Thetruthisthatbeesgiveusaninferioritycomplexthatisnotentirelyunjustified.Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.IBMrecentlyranaseriesofadsdrawingonthe“waggledance”ofbees,tellingbusinessmento“makeyourbusinesswaggle.”

1.Prof.RandolfMenzel’slatestresearch______.

2.Prof.RandolfMenzelwoulddisagreethat______.

3.AccordingtoGlynDavies,whatshouldwelearnfrombees?

4.ItcouldbeinferredfromParagraph3thattheGermans______.

5.TheIBMadsinthepassageareusedto______.

問題1選項

A.challengesourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

B.confirmsourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

C.challengesourperceptionofthenatureofbees

D.confirmsourperceptionofthenatureofbees

問題2選項

A.beesarehardworking

B.beesarequicklearners

C.beeshaveintelligence

D.beeshavegoodmemory

問題3選項

A.Howtoworkfaster.

B.Howtolivelonger.

C.Howtocooperatewitheachother.

D.Howtoimproveworkefficiency.

問題4選項

A.areeasilyaffectedbytheirnationalcharacters

B.areextremelybusyandhardworking

C.havemanythingsincommonwithbees

D.tendtolookdownuponlazypeople

問題5選項

A.showthepopularityoftheideaofbusybees

B.emphasizethenegativeimageofbusybees

C.initiatepublicdiscussionsonthebusybeeimage

D.questionthecomparisonofbusybeestohumans

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.（根據(jù)柏林自由大學蘭道夫?門澤爾教授的最新研究，蜜蜂廣為流傳的終極辛勤工作者形象是不準確的。），說明最新研究表明人們之前對蜜蜂的印象是不準確的。因此C選項“挑戰(zhàn)我們對蜜蜂本性的認識”正確。A選項“挑戰(zhàn)我們對蜜蜂之間關系的認識”，B選項“證實了我們對蜜蜂之間關系的認識”，本文討論的不是蜜蜂之間的關系，所以A,B錯誤。D選項“證實了我們對蜜蜂本性的認識”和原文表述的意思相反，所以D錯誤。

2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句beescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.（蜜蜂以高智商、記憶力和快速學習能力來彌補它們明顯的懶惰。），說明蘭道夫?門澤爾教授不同意蜜蜂很勤勞的觀點。因此A選項“蜜蜂是勤勞的”正確。B選項“蜜蜂的學習能力很強”，C選項“蜜蜂有高智商”，D選項“蜜蜂有良好的記憶力”都是教授認同的蜜蜂的優(yōu)勢，所以B,C,D錯誤。

3.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient…andperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.（英國養(yǎng)蜂人協(xié)會的主席格林?戴維斯說，蜜蜂不是懶惰而是有效率……也許人類應該向它們學習，而不是像無頭雞一樣跑來跑去。），說明格林?戴維斯認為人類應該向蜜蜂學習如何提高工作效率。因此D選項“如何提高工作的效率”正確。A選項“如何更快地工作”，B選項“如何活得更久”，C選項“如何相互合作”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy（也許與德國的工作效率相比，蜜蜂確實看起來很懶），說明德國人很忙碌，工作很勤奮，蜜蜂和其對比起來就顯得比較懶惰。因此B選項“非常忙碌和努力工作”正確。A選項“容易受到民族性格的影響”，原文說的是門澤爾教授的研究可能受到了民族性格的影響，而不是說德國人，所以A錯誤。C選項“與蜜蜂有許多共同之處”，D選項“傾向于看不起懶惰的人”在文中沒有提及，所以C,D錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段，作者指出，雖然有最新研究的結果，但蜜蜂忙碌勤奮的形象還是很難改變，最后用IBM的廣告舉例表明人們仍然很崇拜蜜蜂勤奮的特性。因此A選項“顯示了忙碌的蜜蜂這一觀念的流行”正確。B選項“強調了忙碌的蜜蜂的負面形象”，由原文可知，忙碌的蜜蜂不是一種負面形象，而是受人崇拜的正面形象，所以B錯誤。C選項“引發(fā)公眾對忙碌的蜜蜂形象的討論”，原文沒有描述其引發(fā)的討論，所以C錯誤。D選項“質疑忙碌的蜜蜂與人類的比較”，原文沒有質疑，所以D錯誤。

6.單選題

Ⅵ.(Jurisprudence)

Greenbergpronouncesmyuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”,andIamafraidIcanonlyreturnthecompliment,withonequalification:“theoryofadjudication”hasnostandardusageatall,sowritingasthoughthereisausualmeaningis,itself,“unusual”.Iwasquiteclear,asGreenberg’sdiscussionreveals,aboutwhatImeantbyit,andsotherealquestioniswhetheranyoneiscommittedtoaFoundationalistStoryaboutthetheoryofadjudication.Greenberg,however,makesthesurprisingclaimthatnooneissocommitted.RecognizingthatDworkinisonepossibletargetoftheRealistcritiqueasIreconstructit,Greenbergclaimsthat“theright-answerthesisisnotcentraltoDworkin’sproject.”Theright-answerthesis—theideathateverycasehasarightanswerasamatteroflaw—wouldbeanexampleofaFoundationalistStoryaboutadjudication,andsotheRealistcritiquewouldthenhaveapotent,livingtarget.WhenGreenbergclaimstheFoundationalistaspectofDworkin’stheoryisn’tcentralheisnotmakingaclaimabouttheamountofeffortDworkindevotestodefendingtheright-answerthesis,whichisobviouslysubstantial.Greenberg’srealclaimisthattheDworkinofLaw’sEmpireisnotnecessarilycommittedtotheright-answerthesis.IratheragreewithGreenbergthatDworkin“ismostconcernedtoestablish...thatlawdependsinaparticularwayonmorality”andthat“theright-answerthesis...isadownstreamconsequenceofhisoveralltheoryoflawinconjunctionwithhisviewaboutmorality”.Sofar,thisisjustacomplicatedadmissionthatDworkinacceptsaFoundationalistStoryaboutadjudication;thebestGreenbergcandoistoassert“thatmostofDworkin’sargumentscouldsucceedconsistentwiththefalsityoftheright-answerthesis.”GreenbergdoesnotshowthatthisisDworkin’sview,anditiscertainlynotDworkin’sviewinhisearlywork,sincethe“retroactivity”objectiontolegalpositivismturns,quiteclearly,onthetruthoftheright-answerthesis.GreenbergmaybecorrectthatonecouldhaveaviewaboutthenatureofmoralitydifferentthanDworkin’sandgiveuptheright-answerthesis:JohnMackiewouldbeacaseinpoint,thoughnottheoneGreenberghasinmind,andnotoneDworkinwouldbehappywith.ButnoneofthischangesthefactthattheactualRonaldDworkinholdsatheoryofadjudicationinvolvingtheFoundationalistStorybecauseheholdsaparticularviewaboutlawandmorality.

71.Greenbergpronouncestheuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”.Theauthorrebutthecomment____.

72.Theessenceoftheright-answerthesisisthat___.

73.Fromtheunderlinedsentence,onecanknowthat___.

74.Readingthewholeparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?

問題1選項

A.cynically

B.byfightingback

C.withdisagreement

D.withagreement

問題2選項

A.nooneiscommittedtoaFoundationalistStoryaboutthetheoryofadjudication

B.itisnotcentraltoDworkin’sproject

C.itisapotent,livingtargetoftheRealistcritique

D.everycasehasarightanswerasamatteroflaw

問題3選項

A.GreenburgdidnotthinkofJohnMackie

B.JohnMackiegaveuptheright-answerthesis

C.DworkinwasnothappywithJohnMackie

D.JohnMackiedecidedacase,whichreflectsGreenburg’stheory

問題4選項

A.Theauthorisbasicallyafoundationalistscholar.

B.TheauthorisarguingwithMr.Greenburg.

C.TheauthordoesnotagreewithDworkingtheory.

D.Greenburgmaybecorrectinoneaspect.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】71.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文開頭Greenbergpronouncesmyuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”,andIamafraidIcanonlyreturnthecompliment,withonequalification:“theoryofadjudication”hasnostandardusageatall,sowritingasthoughthereisausualmeaningis,itself,“unusual”.（格林伯格宣布我使用的短語“審判理論”是“不尋常的”，恐怕我只能用一個限定詞來回敬：“審判理論”根本沒有標準用法，因此，似乎有通常意義的寫作本身就是“不尋常的”）可知作者是通過提出自己的觀點來反駁格林伯格的觀點，選B選項“通過反擊”；A選項“冷笑”，C選項“與之有分歧”以及D選項“與之協(xié)議”都不符合原文。因此B選項正確。

72.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵字“theright-answer”定位到原文Theright-answerthesis—theideathateverycasehasarightanswerasamatteroflaw—wouldbeanexampleofaFoundationalistStoryaboutadjudication,andsotheRealistcritiquewouldthenhaveapotent,livingtarget.（正確答案命題——即每個案例在法律問題上都有正確答案的想法——將是一個關于裁決的基礎主義故事的例子，因此現(xiàn)實主義批判就有了一個有力的、活生生的目標）可知選D選項“作為一項法律問題，每個案例都有正確答案”，同時可知A選項“沒有人致力于一個關于裁決理論的基礎主義故事”，C選項“它是現(xiàn)實主義批判的一個有力的、活生生的目標”錯誤，并不是正確答案命題的本質；B選項“這不是德沃金項目的中心”也不能回答正確答案命題的本質這個問題，排除。因此D選項正確。

73.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子部分GreenbergmaybecorrectthatonecouldhaveaviewaboutthenatureofmoralitydifferentthanDworkin’sandgiveuptheright-answerthesis:JohnMackiewouldbeacaseinpoint,thoughnottheoneGreenberghasinmind,andnotoneDworkinwouldbehappywith.（格林伯格可能是正確的，人們可以有一個不同于德沃金的關于道德本質的觀點，并放棄正確答案的論點：約翰?麥凱將是一個恰當?shù)睦?，盡管不是格林伯格心目中的那個，也不是德沃金會滿意的）可以判斷出德沃金對約翰?麥凱不太滿意，選C選項“德沃金對約翰?麥基不滿意”；A選項“格林伯格沒有想到約翰?麥基”和原文相悖；B選項“約翰?麥基放棄了正確答案的論點”劃線句子未涉及，排除；D選項“約翰?麥基決定了一個案件，這反映了格林伯格的理論”和原文相悖。因此C選項符合題意。

74.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。閱讀原文可知作者只是在客觀的評價各個學者的觀點，而不是基礎主義方法論者，選A選項“作者基本上是一位基礎主義學者”；根據(jù)原文Greenbergpronouncesmyuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”,andIamafraidIcanonlyreturnthecompliment,withonequalification:“theoryofadjudication”hasnostandardusageatall,sowritingasthoughthereisausualmeaningis,itself,“unusual”.（格林伯格宣布我使用的短語“審判理論”是“不尋常的”，恐怕我只能用一個限定詞來回敬：“審判理論”根本沒有標準用法，因此，似乎有通常意義的寫作本身就是“不尋常的”）可知B選項“作者正在和格林伯格先生爭論”符合原文；由原文IratheragreewithGreenbergthatDworkin“ismostconcernedtoestablish...thatlawdependsinaparticularwayonmorality”andthat“theright-answerthesis...isadownstreamconsequenceofhisoveralltheoryoflawinconjunctionwithhisviewaboutmorality”.（我相當同意格林伯格的觀點，即德沃金“最關心的是確定……法律以一種特定的方式依賴于道德”，“正確答案理論……是他整體法律理論和他關于道德的觀點的下游結果”）可知C選項“作者不同意德沃金理論”，作者認為德沃金的理論是下游結果，以及D選項“在某一方面，格林伯格可能是正確的”符合原文。因此A選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Youcan'tbe（

）carefulinmakingthedecisionasitwassuchacriticalcase.

問題1選項

A.very

B.quite

C.too

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】can'tbetoo為固定搭配，意為“再……也不為過”。句意：這是一個如此重要的案件，你做決定時怎么謹慎也不過分。選項C符合句意。

8.單選題

Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternatingwithsome16-17hours’wakefulness.Broadlyspeaking,thesleephoursnormally（）withthehoursofdarkness.

問題1選項

A.conform

B.coincide

C.collide

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。conformwith符合，與...一致；coincidewith符合，與...一致（強調時間上的一致性）；collidewith沖突；complywith遵守。句意：人類正常的日?；顒又芷谑?-8小時的睡眠和16-17小時的清醒交替進行。廣義上說，睡眠時間通常與黑暗的時間相一致。選項B正確。

9.單選題

Ifwe（

）ourrelationswiththatcountry,we’llhavetofindanothersupplierofraw

materials.

問題1選項

A.diffuse

B.diminish

C.terminate

D.preclude

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。diffuse“擴散”；diminish“減少”；terminate“使終止，使結束”；preclude“排除，妨礙”。句意：如果我們結束與那個國家的關系，我們必須尋找其他原材料提供國。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Wemustlookbeyondandassumptionsandtrytodiscoverwhatismissing.

問題1選項

A.justifications

B.illusions

C.manifestations

D.specifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項justifications“理由，辯護”；B選項illusions“幻覺，錯覺”；C選項manifestations“顯示，證明”；D選項specifications“規(guī)格，說明書”。句意：“我們必須透過（）和假設，然后努力發(fā)覺什么東西不見了”。這里和關鍵詞assumptions對應的只有選項B。

11.單選題

Togiveyouageneralideaofourproducts,weenclosethecataloguesshowingvariousproductshandledbyuswithdetailed（

）andmeansofpacking.

問題1選項

A.specimens

B.inspections

C.paraphrases

D.specifications

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。specimens樣品，范例；inspections檢查，檢閱；paraphrases釋義；specification規(guī)格，參數(shù)。句意：為了讓您對我們的產品有個大概的了解，我們隨函給您附了產品目錄，它展示了多種我們所經營的產品，包括詳細的規(guī)格和包裝方法。D項最符合題意，答案D

12.單選題

（

）troublesometheproblemis,hefacesitwithpatience.

問題1選項

A.However

B.Nomatter

C.Despite

D.Although

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞的用法。However引導讓步狀語從句，與nomatterhow+形容詞這個結構表示一樣的意思，所以A選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Bothpartiespromisedto（

）thecontracttobesignedthefollowingday.

問題1選項

A.keepwith

B.tanglewith

C.adhereto

D.devoteto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。keepwith意為“陪伴”；tanglewith意為“與……吵架，與……爭論”；adhereto意為“遵循，依附，堅持”；devoteto意為“專用于做……，專心于做……”。

句意：雙方都承諾遵守次日將要簽署的合約。

14.單選題

Aftercenturiesofself-enforced（）,Chinahasgainedforherselfaplaceinworldaffairsthatbringsherintothecurrentofmodernhistory.

問題1選項

A.cooperation

B.monopoly

C.dictatorship

D.seclusion

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項cooperation“合作，協(xié)作”；B選項monopoly“壟斷”；C選項dictatorship“專政，專制”；D選項seclusion“隱居”。根據(jù)后文中國占據(jù)了一席之地，可推測，中國經過數(shù)百年的自我專制，到達今天的地位。句意：經過數(shù)百年的自我實施……后，中國已經在國際事務上占有一席之地，并進入了現(xiàn)代歷史的浪潮。因此C選項正確。

15.單選題

Becomingdisabledbyanaccidentisoneofthemostserious（

）thatalldriversface.

問題1選項

A.shortcomings

B.faults

C.mistakes

D.hazards

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。shortcoming意為“短處，缺點”；fault意為“缺點，缺陷”；mistake意為“錯誤，過失”；hazard意為“危險，危害，事故”。

句意：車禍致殘是所有司機面臨的最大威脅之一。

16.單選題

Inlastweek’sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.StewartCook,inwhichhesuggestedthatthebestwayofavoidingthedangerofa“scientifichierarchy”wouldbetoseetoitthateverymemberofthegeneralpublicwas,asfaraspossible,scientificallyeducated.Atthesametime,scientistsshouldbebroughtoutoftheirisolationandencouragedtotakeagreaterpartinpoliticsandadministration.

Asageneralstatement,Ithinkmostofuswouldagreewiththis,butInoticethat,asusual,Mr.Cookdoesnotdefinescience,andmerelyimpliesinpassingthatitmeanscertainexactscienceswhoseexperimentscanbemadeunderlaboratoryconditions.Thus,adulteducationtends“toneglectscientificstudiesinfavorofliterary,economicandsocialsubjects”,economicsandsociologynotbeingregardedasbranchesofscience,apparent.Thispointisofgreatimportance.Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother.

Scienceisgenerallytakenasmeaningeither（a）theexactsciences,suchaschemistry,physics,etc.,or（b）amethodofthoughtwhichobtainsverifiableresultsbyreasoninglogicallyfromobservedfact.

Ifyouaskanyscientist,orindeedalmostanyeducatedperson,“Whatisscience?”Youarelikelytogetananswerapproximatingto（b）.Ineverydaylife,however,bothinspeakingandinwriting,whenpeoplesay“science”theymean（a）.Sciencemeanssomethingthathappensinalaboratory:test-tubesbalances,Bunsenburners,microscopes.Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapspsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasamanofsciencenoonewouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher.Andthosewhotellusthattheyoungmustbescientificallyeducatedmean,almostinvariably,thattheyshouldbetaughtmoreaboutradioactivity,orthestars,orthephysiologyoftheirownbodies,ratherthanthattheyshouldbetaughttothinkmoreexactly.

Thisconfusionofmeaning,whichispartlydeliberate,hasinitagreatdanger,Impliedinthedemandformorescientificeducationistheclaimthatifonehasbeenscientificallytrainedonesapproachtoallsubjectswillbemoreintelligentthanifonehadhadnosuchtraining.Ascientistspoliticalopinions,itisassumed,hisopinionsonsociologicalquestions,onmorals,onphilosophyperhapsevenonthearts,willbemorevaluablethanthoseofalayman.Buta“scientist”,aswehavejustseen,meansinpracticeaspecialistinoneoftheexactsciences.Itfollowsthatachemistorphysicist,assuch,ispoliticallymoreintelligentthanapoetoralawyer.And,infact,therearealreadymillionsofpeoplewhodobelievethis.

Butisitreallytruethata“scientist”,inthisnarrowersense,isanylikelierthanotherpeopletoapproachnon-scientificproblemsinanobjectiveway?Thereisnotmuchreasonforthinkingso.Takeonesimpletest—theabilitytowithstandnationalism.Itisoftenlooselysaidthat“Scienceisinternational,”butinpracticethescientificworkersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthanarefeltbythewritersandtheartists.TheGermanscientificcommunity,asawhole,madenoresistancetoHitler.Therewereplentyofgiftedmentodothenecessaryresearchonsuchthingsassyntheticoil,jetplanes,rocketprojectilesandtheatomicbomb.

Ontheotherhand,whathappenedtoGermanliteraturewhentheNaziscametopower?Ibelieveexhaustivelistshavebeenpublished,butIimaginethatthenumberofGermanscientists—Jewapart—whovoluntarilyexiledthemselvesorwerepersecutedbytheregimewasmuchsmallerthanthenumberofwritersandjournalists.Moresinisterthanthis,anumberofGermanscientistsswallowedthemonstrosity（巨大而丑陋的東西）of“racialscience”.

Butdoesthismeanthatthegeneralpublicshouldnotbemorescientificallyeducated?Onthecontrary.Allitmeansisthatscientificeducationforthemasseswilldolittlegood,andprobablyalotofharm,ifitsimplyboilsdowntomorephysics,morechemistry,morebiology,etc.tothedetrimentofliteratureandhistory.It’sprobableeffectontheaveragehumanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanevercontemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess;andhispoliticalreactionswouldprobablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretainedafewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense.

Clearly,scientificeducationoughttomeantheimplantingofarational,skeptical,experimentalhabitofmind.Itoughttomeanacquiringamethod—amethodthatcanbeusedonanyproblemthatonemeets—andnotsimplypilingupalotoffacts.Putitinthosewords,andtheapologistofscientificeducationwillusuallyagree.Presshimfurther,askhimtoparticularize,andsomehowitalwaysturnsoutthatscientificeducationmeansmoreattentiontotheexactsciences,inotherwords—morefacts.Theideathatsciencemeansawayoflookingattheworld,andnotsimplyabodyofknowledge,isinpracticestronglyresisted.Ithinksheerprofessional,jealousyispartofthereasonforthis.

1.Weknowfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthorconsidersthepresentdefinitionoftheword“science”（）.

2.Whenpeoplearetalkingaboutscience,theymayNOTreferto（）.

3.Theauthor,contrastsGermansciencewithClurmanliteraturetosupportviewpointthat（）.

4.Anaveragepersonignorantofhistory,beingcomparedwithanilliteratefarmer,withhistoricalmemories