考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川現(xiàn)代職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川現(xiàn)代職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Icouldnotimaginethat（

）possible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.being

C.is

D.was

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我簡(jiǎn)直不能想象那是有可能的。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾樘厥馓摂M語(yǔ)氣。imagine之后的that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形,此時(shí)should可以省略。

2.翻譯題

Shoppingwasstressfulformen.Insomecases,whenwelookedatheartrateandbloodpressure,wesawsomethingyou’dexpecttoseeinfighterpilotsgoingintocombatorpolicemengoingintodangeroussituations.

Guy-modeshoppingisnotcompatiblewithfemaleshopping.Femaleshoppinginvolveslong-terminteractionwithcrowdsofpeoplewhodon’treallyknowwhattheywant,orwheretheywanttogo.Nomancanstandmuchofthis.Wemenareallaboutcompletion—gettingin,gettingthejobdone,andgettingout.

Here’showI’veshopped:1.DecideonthethingIwant.2.Callaroundtofindanearlydesertedstorethathasthething.3.Gotothestore.4.Walkdirectlytothething.5.Buyit.6.Getitwrapped.7.Peelout.

Lastyear,IboughtwifeBrendaacoffeepotforChristmas.Thewholeprocess,doortodoor，tookabout15minutes.Still，Iwasshakingwhenitwasover.

Aguymakesaplan,carriesitoutandexits.Wedon’twander,wedon’tbrowse,andwedon’tdoawholelotofcomparing.Ifwesaywe’regoingwindowshopping,youcanexpectustocomehomewithawindow.Mostofthemenadmittedthattheywouldchoosethefirstgifttheysaw,ratherthanspendtimeincrowdedstores.

Let’sseehowDavidbuyscars:Hecallsdowntothecarlotandtellshissalesmantostartdrivingcarsbyhisofficewindow.IfDaviddoesn’tlikeacar,hejustwavesthesalesmanon.Ifacarcatcheshiseye,Davidholdsuphishand.Thesalesmanpullsover.Davidwalksoutandexaminesthecarupclose.Ifhestilllikesthecarafterfiveminutes,hewritesacheck.

【答案】購(gòu)物對(duì)男人來(lái)說(shuō)是有壓力的。在一些情況下，當(dāng)我們觀察心率和血壓時(shí)，我們看到了一些你會(huì)在戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)飛行員進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)斗或警察進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)的情況下看到的一種狀態(tài)。

男性模式的購(gòu)物與女性不同。女性購(gòu)物需要與一群不知道自己想要什么、想去哪里的人進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期互動(dòng)。而這些男人無(wú)法忍受。我們男人都是為了達(dá)到目標(biāo)——達(dá)到目標(biāo)，然后離開。

這是我購(gòu)物的方式：1.確定我想買的東西；2.打電話到附近找一家?guī)缀鯖]人的商店，并且這個(gè)商店有這個(gè)東西；3.去這個(gè)商店；4.直接找到此商品；5.購(gòu)買；6.包裝好；7.離開。

去年，我給妻子買了個(gè)咖啡壺作為圣誕禮物。一個(gè)一個(gè)商店地逛，整個(gè)過(guò)程花了15分鐘。結(jié)束時(shí)我仍然在發(fā)抖。

男人購(gòu)物會(huì)制定計(jì)劃，實(shí)施計(jì)劃然后結(jié)束離開。我們不會(huì)閑逛、不會(huì)多瀏覽，也不會(huì)做大量的比較。如果我們說(shuō)我們要去逛街看櫥窗，你可以指望我們帶著一扇窗回家。大多數(shù)男性承認(rèn)，他們會(huì)選擇他們看到的第一件禮物，而不是花時(shí)間在擁擠的商店里。

我們來(lái)看一下David是如何買汽車的：他打電話到汽車展銷中心，告訴他的銷售員開始在他辦公室的窗戶旁駕駛汽車。如果大衛(wèi)不喜歡汽車，他就向銷售員揮手示意。如果一輛汽車引起了他的注意，大衛(wèi)就會(huì)舉起手來(lái)。銷售員把車停在路邊。大衛(wèi)走過(guò)去，近距離檢查汽車。如果五分鐘后他還喜歡這輛車，他就會(huì)開支票買下來(lái)。

3.單選題

Shallowpoolsofwaterareliabletoattractmosquitoesandother（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insects

B.flies

C.garbage

D.garage

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。insects昆蟲;flies蒼蠅;garbage垃圾;garage倉(cāng)庫(kù)。句意：淺水區(qū)容易吸引蚊子和其他昆蟲。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Allthe

peopleinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（）

slowly

intothesky.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascending

B.elevating

C.floating

D.lingering

【答案】A

【解析】ascend可做不及物動(dòng)詞,指上升；elevate意思相近,但是是及物動(dòng)詞。float指漂浮；linger

指逗留。句意：當(dāng)看到幾百只彩球緩緩升上天空時(shí),運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)里所有的人都?xì)g呼起來(lái)。選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.單選題

Thatpartofthecityhaslongbeen______foritsstreetviolence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notorious

B.responsible

C.historical

D.illegal

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.notorious聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的B.responsible有責(zé)任的，負(fù)責(zé)的

C.historical（有關(guān)）歷史的，歷史學(xué)的D.illegal不合法的，非法的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞streetviolence（街頭暴力）可知，空格處填入notorious表示“臭名昭著的”符合句子意思。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】該市的這一地區(qū)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)因街頭暴力而臭名昭著。

6.單選題

Veryfewscientists（

）completelynewanswerstotheworld’sproblems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeupwith

B.comeout

C.comeround

D.comeupto

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。comeupwith“提出，想出”；comeout“出版”；comeround“蘇醒；順道拜訪”；comeupto“到達(dá)，等于”。句意：很少有科學(xué)家對(duì)世界性的問題提出新的回答。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Therobberwasbroughttothejudge,______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hishandswerefasttied

B.hishandstobefasttied

C.hishandshavingbeenfasttied

D.hishandsfasttied

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：搶劫犯被帶到法官面前，雙手被綁得緊緊的。根據(jù)雙手被綁確定用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)合動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以D選項(xiàng)hishandsfasttied正確。A選項(xiàng)hishandswerefasttied是完整的句子，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)hishandstobefasttied表示動(dòng)作未發(fā)生，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)hishandshavingbeenfasttied表示動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

14.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheisseriouslyill.

B.Shehastolookafterherhusbandathome.

C.Shewillpersuadeherhusbandtogotohospital.

D.Shewillbetakengoodcareofbyhersisteranddaughter.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Oh,Icouldn'tpossiblydothat.Icouldn’ttellmyhusbandandanyway,who’dlookafterhim?

M:Icanunderstandyourconcerns.Ifyouknewthathewouldhavecomeheretoday,whatdoyouthinkhewouldsay?

W:He’dbesoworried.Hedoesn’tlikeitwhenanyoneissickandhehateshospitals.

M:Well,youmightalsothinkaboutwhatyouwouldsaytoyoursisteranddaughter?

Q:Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewoman?

【解析】女士說(shuō)：Icouldn’ttellmyhusbandandanyway（我不知道怎么開口告訴他），He’dbesoworried.Hedoesn’tlikeitwhenanyoneissickandhehateshospitals（他平時(shí)就恨生病，也討厭來(lái)醫(yī)院），因此她一直焦慮如何說(shuō)服丈夫來(lái)醫(yī)院。

9.單選題

Onhergraduationfromcollege,Helenwasmarriedtoaclergyman,thepriestofaneighboring（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.division

B.district

C.parish

D.region

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)division“除法，部門，分配”；B選項(xiàng)district“區(qū)域，地方，行政區(qū)（尤指官方指定范圍的區(qū)域）”；C選項(xiàng)parish“教區(qū)”；D選項(xiàng)region“地區(qū)，范圍，部位（只指比較大的一片區(qū)域）”。句意：大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，海倫嫁給了鄰近（）的一位牧師。根據(jù)后面的“牧師”一詞，可以得出她應(yīng)該是嫁給了臨近教區(qū)的一位牧師，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Thereisastandardmethod（）officersareselectedforpromotion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whereby

B.that

C.where

D.whereas

【答案】B

【解析】考查從句。A選項(xiàng)whereby“憑此，借以，由于”，B選項(xiàng)that“那個(gè)”，C選項(xiàng)where“哪里”，D選項(xiàng)whereas“然而，盡管”。句意：選拔軍官晉升有一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方法。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Therecentdebateonacidrainisagainsettingenvironmentalistheadtoheadagainstindustry.Butthistime,acuriousphilosophyhasemergedinWashingtonthatsaysthemoreweknowaboutaproblem,themoreuncertaintyisintroducedandthemoreitneedstobestudied.Asaresult,weknowmoreaboutacidrainanditseffects,thaneverbefore,butitseemsaregulatorysolutionhasneverbeenfurtheraway.

Researchersgenerallyagreethatacidrainarisesprimarilyfromtheburningofcoalandoil.Theemissionscontainoxidesofnitrogenandsulfur,whichcanbecarriedhundredsofmilesontheprevailingwesterlywinds.Theyeventuallyreturntoearthasdrygasesandparticulatesandreactwithgroundwaterstoformnitricorsulfuricacid.Theymayalsobeconvertedtotheacidsintheatmospherebychemicalprocessesthatarestillnotfullyunderstood.

However,theacidsareformed,theyhavealreadybeenchargedwithasubstantiallistofdamages.Corrosionofmetalstructuresinwindwardareasofthecountryhasbeenwell-documented,butitisarelativelyminorentryonthelist.Otherformsofdamagearefarmoreinsidiousandlonger-lasting.Thereisevidence,forexample,thattheacidsleachheavymetals—aluminum,lead,andmercury—fromthesoil,whichthenpoisonplantrootsanddeprivethemofvitalnutrients.Inlakesandrivers,theacidaltersthebloodchemistryinfish.Themetals,meanwhile,irreversiblydamagethegillsystemsofcertainspecies,suchasbassandwalleye.Astheconcentrationofpoisonrises,egghatchingisreducedandthenumberofdeformedembryosincreases.

Theeffectsofacidrainaremoresevereintheeasternpartofthecountryfortworeasons.First,mostcoalburningoccursinOhio,Illinois,andIndiana,accordingtoEvilleGorham,professorofecologyandbotanyattheUniversityofMinnesotaandamodernpioneerinthestudyofacidrain.ThesestatesproduceaboutaquarterofallU.S.oxideemissions,hetoldthisyear’sAmericanChemicalSocietymeetinginLasVegasandtheairborneparticulatestendtowindupintheNortheast.

ThesecondreasonisthevaryingchemicalmakeupofNorthAmericansoils,Westernsoilsarerelativelyrichinneutralizingcompoundslikemagnesiumandcalciumcarbonates,butthecoarse,shalloweasternsoilshavemuchlessofthisbufferingcapacity.Together,thesefactorsexplainwhatGorhamcallsa“poolofacidairpollution”overtheNortheastthatisstronglysuspectedofhavingkilledorinjuredaquaticlifeinmorethan200lakesinNewYork’sAdirondackregion.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acidrain（

）.

2.Theauthorimpliesthat

（

）.

3.ThedamagingeffectsofacidrainarefeltlessintheWestbecause

（

）.

4.TheLEASTseriousproblemcausedbyacidrainisthe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leadstobirthdefectsinfish

B.ishallucinogenic

C.travelsinawesterlydirection

D.addsmineralstothesoil

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.legislatorsarephilosophical

B.bureaucratsseeminglypreferdiscussiontoaction

C.awarenessofaproblemisfutile

D.acidrainisadebatablephenomenon

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.elementsinwesternsoilneutralizetheacid

B.thewesternstatesproduceone-fourthofallAmericanemissionsofsulfuroxides

C.theAdirondackregionisinupstateNewYork

D.easternsoilisrichinmagnesium

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.leachingofheavymetalsfromthesoil

B.alterationofbloodchemistryinfish

C.poisoningofplantroots

D.corrosionofmetalstructures

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第三段中Inlakesandrivers,theacidaltersthebloodchemistryinfish.Themetals,meanwhile,irreversiblydamagethegillsystemsofcertainspecies,suchasbassandwalleye.Astheconcentrationofpoisonrises,egghatchingisreducedandthenumberofdeformedembryosincreases.在湖泊和河流中，這種酸會(huì)改變魚類的血液化學(xué)成分。與此同時(shí)，這些金屬對(duì)某些物種的鰓系統(tǒng)造成了不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的損害，如鱸魚和海參。隨著毒素濃度的增加，卵孵化減少，畸形胚胎的數(shù)量增加。”可知A項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第一段中“Asaresult,weknowmoreaboutacidrainanditseffects,thaneverbefore,butitseemsaregulatorysolutionhasneverbeenfurtheraway.因此，我們比以往任何時(shí)候知道更多關(guān)于酸雨及其影響，這似乎是一個(gè)前所未有的監(jiān)管解決方案?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。定位最后一段中“ThesecondreasonisthevaryingchemicalmakeupofNorthAmericansoils,Westernsoilsarerelativelyrichinneutralizingcompoundslikemagnesiumandcalciumcarbonates,butthecoarse,shalloweasternsoilshavemuchlessofthisbufferingcapacity.第二個(gè)原因是北美土壤的化學(xué)組成不同，西方土壤相對(duì)豐富的鎂和鈣碳酸鹽中和化合物，但東部粗糙、淺層土壤的這種緩沖能力要小得多?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)西部土壤中的元素中和了這種酸正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第三段中“Corrosionofmetalstructuresinwindwardareasofthecountryhasbeenwell-documented,butitisarelativelyminorentryonthelist.（酸雨）對(duì)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的腐蝕在該國(guó)（美國(guó)）迎風(fēng)的地區(qū)是顯而易見的，不過(guò)該腐蝕所帶來(lái)的損害在酸雨所帶來(lái)的損害名單上卻是相對(duì)較小的?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Ifyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorry,youmustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.

Ifyousaytoyourchildren"I'msorryIgotangrywithyou,but..."whatfollowsthat"but"canrendertheapologyineffective:"Ihadabadday"or"yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache"leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfeelingthatheshould-beapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.

Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay"I'msorryyou'reupset";thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone.

Thenthereisthegeneral,allcoveringapology,whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain.Saying"I'muselessasaparent"doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement.

Thesepseudo-apologiesareusedbypeoplewhobelievesayingsorryshowsweakness.Parentswhowishtoteachtheirchildrentoapologizeshouldseeitasasignofstrength,andthereforenotresorttothesepseudo-apologies.

Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildren,feelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren'sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-olclmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent'sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.

1.Ifamotheradds"but"toanapology,（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,saying"I'msorryyou'reupset"mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapologybecause（）.

4.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosaysorry（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperlyis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shedoesn'tfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologized

B.shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurt

C.thechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertoaccept

D.thechildmayfeelthat,heowesheranapology

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Youhavegoodreasontogetupset

B.I'mawareyou'reupset,butI'mnottoblame

C.Iapologizeforhurtingyourfeelings

D.I’matfaultformakingyouupset

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromises

B.itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguilty

C.itisvagueandineffective

D.itishurtfulandinsulting

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbeignored

B.theiragesshouldbetakenintoaccount

C.parentsneedtosetthemagoodexample

D.parentsshouldbepatientandtolerant

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.asocialissuecallingforimmediateattention

B.notnecessaryamongfamilymembers

C.asignofsocialprogress

D.notassimpleasitseems

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段"Ifyousaytoyourchildren"I'msorryIgotangrywithyou,but..."whatfollowsthat"but"canrendertheapologyineffective:"Ihadabadday"or"yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache"leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfeelingthatheshould-beapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology."可知如果在道歉后加了"but"，那么會(huì)使那個(gè)受傷的人感覺為了得到別人的道歉，他得先為自己不好的行為道歉。與D項(xiàng)“這個(gè)孩子可能會(huì)覺得他欠他媽媽一個(gè)道歉”相符。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段"I'msorryyou'reupset";thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone."如果這樣道歉——“我很抱歉你生氣了”;這表明你在某種程度上是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)槟阕屪约罕粍e人的所作所為弄得心煩意亂。”由此可知道歉人其實(shí)并沒有真正地道歉，而是認(rèn)為別人是由于自己的原因而心情不好。與B項(xiàng)相符。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段"Saying"I'muselessasaparent"doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement."如果家長(zhǎng)道歉說(shuō)“我是個(gè)沒用的家長(zhǎng)”并不能讓一個(gè)人得到任何具體的改善?？芍眠@種道歉方法是無(wú)效的。故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildren,feelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren'sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-olclmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent'sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.但是，即使孩子們看到了真誠(chéng)悔過(guò)的例子，他們?nèi)匀恍枰獛椭鷣?lái)使其意識(shí)到道歉的復(fù)雜性。一個(gè)三歲的孩子可能需要幫助來(lái)理解其他孩子也像他一樣感到疼痛，用沉重的玩具打玩伴的頭需要道歉。一個(gè)六歲的孩子可能需要被提醒，辜負(fù)其他孩子的期望可能需要道歉。一個(gè)12歲的孩子可能需要被告知，未經(jīng)許可就亂翻餅干罐是可以接受的，但未經(jīng)許可就借父母的衣服就不行。最后一段舉例講述了不同年齡段的孩子都需要不同程度的提醒或告誡來(lái)使其意識(shí)到道歉的復(fù)雜性。故B項(xiàng)“在教小孩子道歉時(shí)應(yīng)考慮他們的年齡?！闭_。

5.判斷推理題。全文介紹了幾種偽道歉，最后總結(jié)這幾種道歉方式是無(wú)效的，并且提醒讀者教小孩道歉要考慮到他們的年齡。由此可見恰當(dāng)?shù)牡狼覆]有看起來(lái)那么簡(jiǎn)單。A項(xiàng)“合理道歉是需要立即關(guān)注的社會(huì)問題”文中未提及；B項(xiàng)“合理道歉在家庭成員中不必要”與文中提到的“A12-year-olclmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent'sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.”不符；C項(xiàng)“合理道歉是社會(huì)進(jìn)步的標(biāo)志”與文中內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。故答案D

13.單選題

Themost（

）featureofthebuildingisitsenormousdome-shapedroof.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinctive

B.instinctive

C.definite

D.infinite

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。distinctive“與眾不同的”；instinctive“本能的”；definite“明確的”；infinite“無(wú)限的”。句意：這棟建筑的最與眾不同的特點(diǎn)就是它那巨大的圓形屋頂。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.單選題

LondontodayisthepoliticalandfinancialcapitalofGreatBritain.Itbegan,however,asaRomanstronghold,andfollowingtheRomansdeparture,theAnglo-SaxonsandthentheNormanscontrolledit.Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.Mostofthiscanbeattributedtothecity’seconomicdevelopment.LocatedontheThamesRiverwitheasyaccesstotheNorthSea,Londonbecameacenterofshippingandcommerce.Largecorporationswerebasedthere,whichbroughtfurtherwealth.Finally,whentheIndustrialRevolutionbegan,Londonwastransformedevenmoreandhadbecomethefinancialcenteroftheworldbythenineteenthcentury.

TheRomansconqueredBritainin43A.D.andfoundedLondon—calledLondiniumbythem—asagarrisontown,anditbecameacenterofseabornetradesoonafterward.London’slocationwasideal:ItwascentrallysituatedontheThamesRiverfarfromthecoastbutnotsofarinlandthatshipscouldnotnavigateuprivertoit.Assuch,itbecameacenteroftradeinRomanBritainandmayhavehadasmanyas60,000peopleatitsheight.ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.Anglo-Saxonincursionsledtothereoccupationofthearea,butVikinginvasionsanddecadesofinstabilitymeantthattheregionsawlittleeconomicgrowth.WhentheNormansinvadedfromFrancein1066,theychoseLondontotheircenterofgovernment,whichbeganthecity’srevival.

DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.Londonwaspoisedtotakeadvantageofthisthankstoitsgeographicallocationandpoliticalpower.ThecitycontinuedtogrowinsizeandwealththroughoutthemedievalperiodaswellasduringtheRenaissance.WhenBritainbegantogaincoloniesintheAmericasandelsewhereinthesixteenthcentury,fabulousamountsofmoneystartedfindingtheirwaytoLondon.

Atthattime,mercantilismisthereigningeconomicphilosophyinBritain.ItcalledfortheprotectingofBritishtradebetweenthehomeislandanditscolonies.ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.OneresultofthismercantilistphilosophywasthatextraordinarywealthpouredintoLondon.AtthecenterofallBritisheconomicactivity,Londongrewrapidlyandexpandedinsizeandpopulationduringthistime.

Atthesametime,thefoundingofseveralgreatcompaniesandinstitutionspavedthewayforLondontobecomethecenterofworldtradeandfinance.TheBritishEastIndiaCompany,forinstance,wasgrantedamonopolyontradeinIndia.ItwasbasedinLondon,somanytreasuresfromIndiamadetheirwaythere.Thecompanyhadtoraisemoneyforitsinitialventures,soitsoldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange,whichhaditshumblebeginningsinLondon’scoffeeshops,wheremerchantsgatheredtotradestocksandtolearnfinancialnewsfromaroundtheworld.Otherimportantinstitutions,suchastheBankofEnglandandtheinsurancefirmLloyd’sofLondon,werestartedthenaswell.

Duringtheeighteenthcentury,theIndustrialRevolutioncausedtheBritisheconomicphilosophytochangefrommercantilismtocapitalism.Tradewithoverseascoloniesbecamelessimportantwheninvestorsinfactoriesstartedbecomingrich.Britaininitiatedapolicyoffreetrade,soughttoestablishaworldwidemarket,andtradedproductsfromitsmanufacturingindustrywithanyonewhowouldpurchasethem.Londonwasatthecenterofthiseconomicaction.Thedevelopmentoffaststeamships,thetelegraph,andthetelephoneinthenineteenthcenturyconnectedLondonwiththeentireworld,soitbecametheworld’sfinancialcenter.Itsbankswereusedtotransferfundsworldwide,itsfinancialinstitutionsprovidedcapitalforinvestors,anditsdocksandwarehouseswerefilledwithrawmaterialsandgoodsfromaroundtheworld.Unfortunately,theonsetofWorldWarIin1914broughtthisentiresystemtoahalt.

21.Thewordprimedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

22.Accordingtotheparagraph2,theRomansleftLondonbecause________.

23.Inparagraph3,theauthorusesshipbuildingandmaritimetradeasexampleof________.

24.Theauthor’sdescriptionofmercantilisminparagraph4mentionswhichofthefollowing?

25.Inparagraph5,theauthor’sdescriptionoftheBritishEastIndiaCompanymentionswhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.positioned

B.inspired

C.appointed

D.expected

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theAnglo-SaxonsinvadedanddefeatedtheRomansinbattle

B.theentireRomanEmpirefell,sotheRomanstheredeparted

C.therewerefeweconomicbenefitstogainbylivingthere

D.theRomanshadnoneedforaseaportsofarnorthofRome

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.twoaspectsofthemedievaleconomyinwhichLondonwasaEuropeanleader

B.thereasonsthatBritainstartedtoacquirethecoloniesintheAmerica

C.theprimaryfactorswhyBritainbecamewealthyduringtheRenaissance

D.reasonsthatLondonstartedtobecomemoreprominentintheMiddleAges

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itfocusedonsellinggoodstoothersratherthanpurchasingthem.

B.ItwasaneconomicphilosophythathaditsoriginsinGreatBritain.

C.ItenabledLondontogrowrichattheexpenseofotherBritishcities.

D.ItcontributedtotheBritishcoloniesbeinglesswealthythanthehomeisland.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ItplayedamajorroleinthefoundingofastockexchangeinLondon.

B.ThecompanywashighlyeffectiveatkeepingIndiaunderBritishcontrol.

C.ItsstockwasmorevaluablethanthatofanyotherBritishcorporation.

D.SeveralmembersoftheBritishgovernmentwereshareholdersinit.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】21.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。Prime的意思是“使準(zhǔn)備好，使進(jìn)入狀態(tài)”，根據(jù)第一段第三句Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.（倫敦在中世紀(jì)時(shí)期大幅增長(zhǎng)，到了16世紀(jì)，預(yù)計(jì)將成為增長(zhǎng)速度史無(wú)前例的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。），因?yàn)閭惗卦谥惺兰o(jì)時(shí)期大幅增長(zhǎng)，所以有了后面成為增長(zhǎng)速度史無(wú)前例的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心的結(jié)果，這里有一個(gè)推斷關(guān)系，所以D選項(xiàng)“預(yù)期”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“放置”，B選項(xiàng)“鼓舞”和C選項(xiàng)“委任”不符合題意，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

22.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.（但五世紀(jì)羅馬帝國(guó)的衰落導(dǎo)致羅馬人放棄了不列顛，所以有一段時(shí)間，倫敦實(shí)際上是空的。），羅馬帝國(guó)的衰落讓羅馬人離開倫敦，所以B選項(xiàng)“整個(gè)羅馬帝國(guó)滅亡了，所以那里的羅馬人離開了”正確，A選項(xiàng)“盎格魯?撒克遜人入侵并打敗了羅馬人”，C選項(xiàng)“住在那里幾乎沒有什么經(jīng)濟(jì)利益”和D選項(xiàng)“羅馬人不需要在羅馬北部這樣偏遠(yuǎn)的地方建海港”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.（中世紀(jì)中后期，倫敦作為一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)中心擴(kuò)張，由于造船和海上貿(mào)易的增加，歐洲世界變得更加聯(lián)系緊密。），可知英國(guó)在中世紀(jì)變成經(jīng)濟(jì)中心是因?yàn)樵齑秃Ｉ腺Q(mào)易，所以D選項(xiàng)“倫敦在中世紀(jì)開始變得更加突出的原因”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在中世紀(jì)，倫敦在這兩個(gè)方面的經(jīng)濟(jì)是歐洲的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，而且文章的意思是英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在總體上在歐洲領(lǐng)先，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)開始在美洲獲得殖民地的原因”和C選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期變得富有的主要因素”這里沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

24.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“注重于向別人銷售商品而不是購(gòu)買商品”：根據(jù)第四段第四句Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.（其主要目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)貿(mào)易順差和積累黃金和白銀。），可知是注重出口，也就是注重銷售，所以正確。B選項(xiàng)“這是起源于英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)哲學(xué)”：mercantilismisthereigningeconomic（重商主義是英國(guó)占統(tǒng)治地位的經(jīng)濟(jì)哲學(xué)），這里并沒有表示這起源于英國(guó)，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“讓倫敦以犧牲其他英國(guó)城市為代價(jià)而致富”：根據(jù)第四段第三句ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.（政府因此頒布了對(duì)進(jìn)口商品征稅的法律，保護(hù)英國(guó)的貿(mào)易。），可知英國(guó)同時(shí)保護(hù)本土與殖民地的貿(mào)易，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“讓英國(guó)殖民地不如本國(guó)島富?！保何恼聸]有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

25.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第四、五句Thecompany…soldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange（該公司……出售股票，讓投資者分得它正在積累的部分財(cái)富。這幫助建立了倫敦證券交易所），可知東印度公司出售股票的舉動(dòng)推動(dòng)建立倫敦證券交易所，所以A選項(xiàng)“在倫敦證券交易所的建立中發(fā)揮了重要作用”正確。B選項(xiàng)“非常有效地將印度置于英國(guó)的控制之下”，C選項(xiàng)“其股票比任何其他英國(guó)公司的股票更有價(jià)值”和D選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)政府的幾個(gè)成員是它的股東”文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedtojournalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe“howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontexts,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltestsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewingotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinthepositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsimilarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybyTelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral,（

）.

3.MostoftheWesternersmaynothavebeeninterviewedbythemassmedia

（

）.

4.Itismostlikelythatthepassageispartof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews.

B.Conceptsandjournalisticinterviews.

C.Priorityshouldbegivetothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing.

D.Contextualimplicationsandgeneralprinciplesshouldbethemainconcern.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.andthetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened.

B.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

C.sothestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn'treceivedmuchattention

D.sotherehasbeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.andtheydon'thopetohav