考研考博-英語-大同煤炭職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大同煤炭職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Microwavesareatypeofelectromagneticradiation;theyareaverymildformofelectricalormagneticwavethatmovesthroughspace.UnlikeX-raysandgammarays,whichareverypowerfulraysofradiation,microwavesareratherweakandaremuchmorelikethewavesofradiationusedinradiobroadcasting.

Inmicrowaveovens,theuseofmicrowaveswithwhichmostpeoplearefamiliar,thewavesareproducedbyanelectronictubecalledamagnetron.Microwavesproducebeatinanyfoodplacedinsidetheovenbycausingthewaterinthefoodtovibraterapidlyandthusheatup.Foodthathavemorewaterinthemtakelesstimetocookandprobablyhavemoreoftheirnutrientsleftintactwhencookedinamicrowaveoven.

Microwavesdonotpassthroughmetalssothemicrowavesareretainedwithintheoven.Microwavespassimmediatelythroughglass,paper,andplasticwithnoeffectonthesematerialsoronthemicrowaves;nothinginsidethemicrowaveovenisheatedexceptthefooditself,sothecookingprocessismuchmoreefficientthaninconventionalovens.Sometimesapartorcontainerisheatedbecauseitistouchingthehotfood,though;someusersofmicrowaveovenshavebeenburnedbyhotfood,byhotpans,orsteamescapingfromthefood.Nodocumentedcaseofradiationburnsfromamicrowaveovenhaseverbeenreported.

Actually,weknowverylittleabouthowmicrowaveradiationmightaffecthumanbeings.Obviously,ifmicrowavescancookaroastbyexcitingthewatermoleculesinthemeatstheycoulddothesamethingtohumanflesh.Humanbeingcouldbeburnedbyprolongedexposuretohighlevelsofmicrowaves.Butscientistsaremoreconcernedabouttheeffectsoflowlevelmicrowaveexposures,suchasmightresultfromaleakingmicrowaveoven.

Noresearchhasyetbeenperformedonpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveradiation.Someexperimentshavebeenperformedonanimals,buttheresultsareverydifficulttointerpret.Astheeyesareparticularlysensitive,rabbitsexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveswerecheckedforthegrowthofcataracts,andnonewerefound.Ontheotherhand,someanimalsseemabletosensemicrowaveradiationandtrytoescapefromitimmediately.Inothers,microwaveradiationcausesthebodytoreactasifdefendingitselfagainstdecease.Theseresponsesleadsomescientiststothinkthatmicrowaveradiationisharmful，thoughinsomeyetundiscoveredway.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageistodiscuss（）.

2.Microwavesare（）.

3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat（）.

4.Theauthor’stoneis（）.

5.Asusedinthe3rdparagraphofthispassage,theword“documented"means（）.

問題1選項

A.thebeneficialuseofmicrowaves

B.theharmfuleffectsofmicrowaves

C.themodernmethodsofcooking

D.theuseandpossibleharmfuleffectsofmicrowaves

問題2選項

A.absolutelysafeatlowlevels

B.veryefficientforcooking

C.cancer-causinginpeoplewithweakeyes

D.completelyunderstoodbyScientists

問題3選項

A.theheatcreatedinmicrowaveovensisverydifficulttocontrol

B.foodtastesbetterwhencookedinamicrowaveoven

C.foodcookedinmicrowaveovensisprobablymorenutritiousthanfoodcookedinmoreconventionalways

D.mostresearchontheeffectsofmicrowavesonhumanbeingshasbeenrestrictedtothestudyoflowlevelmicrowaveradiation

問題4選項

A.objective

B.sarcastic

C.negative

D.skeptical

問題5選項

A.numbered

B.recorded

C.legal

D.believable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一段介紹了微波的特點，第二三段講述了微波的用途，最后分析了微波可能對人體造成的傷害。故D項“微波的用途及可能造成的影響”正確。ABC三項均比較片面。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段“nothinginsidethemicrowaveovenisheatedexceptthefooditself,sothecookingprocessismuchmoreefficientthaninconventionalovens.除了食物本身，微波爐里的任何東西都不會被加熱，因此烹飪過程比傳統(tǒng)的烤箱更有效率?？芍狟項正確。由Theseresponsesleadsomescientiststothinkthatmicrowaveradiationisharmful，thoughinsomeyetundiscoveredway.這些反應使一些科學家認為微波輻射是有害的，盡管是以一些尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的方式?？芍狝項錯誤。Noresearchhasyetbeenperformedonpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveradiation.目前還沒有對暴露在低水平微波輻射下的人進行研究?？芍狢項錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。第四段Butscientistsaremoreconcernedabouttheeffectsoflowlevelmicrowaveexposures,suchasmightresultfromaleakingmicrowaveoven.但科學家們更關心的是低水平微波照射的影響，比如微波爐泄漏可能造成的影響。與D項“微波對人體影響的研究大多局限于對低水平微波輻射的研究”同義。AB兩項文中沒有提及；C項“用微波爐烹飪的食物可能比用傳統(tǒng)方法烹飪的食物更有營養(yǎng)”是對原文“Foodthathavemorewaterinthemtakelesstimetocookandprobablyhavemoreoftheirnutrientsleftintactwhencookedinamicrowaveoven.含有更多水分的食物烹飪時間更短，在微波爐中烹飪時可能會保留更多的營養(yǎng)成分。”的曲解。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。本文前半部分提到了微波給人們的生活帶來了便利，可以快速地加熱食物，后半部分提到了科學家對微波是否會對人體造成傷害進行了討論，全文沒有涉及主觀性色彩的內(nèi)容，所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀的，故A項正確。

5.詞義題。Someusersofmicrowaveovenshavebeenburnedbyhotfood,byhotpans,orsteamescapingfromthefood.Nodocumentedcaseofradiationburnsfromamicrowaveovenhaseverbeenreported.一些使用微波爐的人被熱的食物、熱鍋或從食物中逸出的蒸汽燒傷。沒有記錄在案的微波爐輻射灼傷案例。聯(lián)系上文可以推斷documented為記錄的。

2.單選題

Thescientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,（

）isofgreatimportancetoscience.

問題1選項

A.whichIthink

B.whichIthinkit

C.ofwhichIthink

D.Ithinkwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。which指代先行詞discovery，在從句中作主語，Ithink作插入語時，引導詞應放在其前面，因此選A。句意：這位科學家又有了一個了不起的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我認為這個發(fā)現(xiàn)這對科學很重要。

3.單選題

People’sattitudetowardsdrugsvariesfrompersontoperson.Some__51__themasmiraculous;othersthinkofthemasdangerous.Thenwhatisthesensibleattitudetowarddrugs?

Ithinkthefirstthingtothinkaboutisthedifferencebetweendrugsandwonderdrugs.Theantibioticscanreally__52__certainbacterialdiseases.Ontheotherhand,themajordiseasesthreateningAmericanstodayarecancer,stroke,highbloodpressure,coronarydiseaseandetc.__53__them,thedoctor’sbagoftricksislimited.Hehasnowonderdrugs.

Sothefirstimportantlessonisnotto__54__toomuchfromdrugs.Ifyoucanacceptthefactthatthewaragainstmanyofourmostdevastatingdiseasesis,at__55__aholdingoperationratherthananinevitabletriumph,itwill__56__agreatdealtoeaseyourlifeaswellasthatofyourdoctor.Toomany__57__exertgreatpressuresondoctorstoprescribeforeverysmallsymptom,evenwhensuchtreatmentisunwarrantedordangerous.

Unfortunately,themedicalprofessionisguiltyoftakingpart,toacertain__58__,inthewrongfulaction.Thepatientwhodemandsashotofpenicillinforeverysniffleandsneezemaybe__59__theinjectionbyareluctant__60__becauseheiscertainthatifhedoesnot,thepatientwillsearchuntilhefindsadoctorwhowill.

問題1選項

A.regard

B.regards

C.regarded

D.regarding

問題2選項

A.care

B.treat

C.cure

D.deal

問題3選項

A.Toward

B.Pro

C.Against

D.Dealing

問題4選項

A.expect

B.except

C.expert

D.express

問題5選項

A.last

B.least

C.best

D.worst

問題6選項

A.make

B.do

C.take

D.have

問題7選項

A.patience

B.patient

C.patienthood

D.patients

問題8選項

A.extent

B.extension

C.extensive

D.extend

問題9選項

A.taken

B.fetched

C.given

D.done

問題10選項

A.physical

B.physic

C.physics

D.physician

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】51.考查時態(tài)。A選項regard“認為”，一般現(xiàn)在時；B選項regards，第三人稱單數(shù)的一般現(xiàn)在時；C選項regarded，一般過去時；D選項regarding，現(xiàn)在分詞形式，不能單獨做謂語。本題所在分句沒有動詞，則空格處應填入一個謂語動詞，主語為Some“一些（人）”，排除B、D選項；根據(jù)后一個分句謂語thinkof“認為”判斷，該處為一般現(xiàn)在時，且全文基本為一般現(xiàn)在時，排除B選項。因此，本題最佳選項為A。

52.考查動詞辨析。A選項care“照顧；關心；顧慮”；B選項treat“治療”，強調(diào)過程；C選項cure“治好”，強調(diào)結果；D選項deal“販毒；發(fā)牌”，搭配介詞with，構成短語dealwith才有“處理，對付”的意思。句意：抗生素確實可以____某些細菌性疾病?？股乜梢杂糜谀承┘毦约膊。瑥娬{(diào)結果，把病治好。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

53.考查介詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項toward“向；對（某事的態(tài)度）；（時間上）接近”；B選項pro“支持，贊成”；C選項against“反對；防備（令人不快的或有害的事物）”；D選項dealing“商業(yè)往來，交易”。句意：____它們，醫(yī)生的手段是有限的。根據(jù)句意，此處應該是指治療這些疾?。ú皇侵笇λ鼈兊膽B(tài)度），醫(yī)生們的手段有限。C選項最符合語境，D選項搭配介詞with，構成短語dealwith才有“處理，對付”的意思。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

54.考查形近詞辨析。A選項expect“期望，動詞”；B選項except“除……以外，介詞”；C選項expert“專家，名詞”；D選項express“表達，動詞”。句意：第一個重要的教訓是不要對藥品____太多。根據(jù)句意，“期望”最符合語義，本題解題的關鍵在于區(qū)別形近詞。因此，本題最佳選項為A。

55.考查固定搭配與上下文語義。A選項atlast“最終”；B選項atleast“至少”；C選項atbest“最多，充其量”，用于在情況很糟糕的時候，可能發(fā)生的最好的事情；D選項atworst“在最壞的情況下”。句意：對抗許多最具毀滅性疾病的戰(zhàn)爭____是一場維持現(xiàn)狀的行動，而不是必然的勝利。原句想表達的是，在面對很多毀滅性的疾病的時候，能發(fā)生的最好的情況也只是維持現(xiàn)狀，“充其量”與句意最搭配。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

56.考查固定搭配與上下文語義。A選項make“制作；使得”；B選項do“做”；C選項take“占據(jù)；拿”；D選項have“有”。句意：如果你能接受這樣一個事實，即……的話，這將對減輕你和你的醫(yī)生的生活負擔____很多。根據(jù)句意，接受某個事實可以幫助減輕你和你的醫(yī)生的生活負擔。B選項doagreatdealto做了很多，最符合句意，可引申為“有助于”。干擾選項Amakeagreatdeal意為“做了一筆大買賣”，或者makeagreatdealoutofsth“小題大做”，總之沒有“做了很多，有幫助”的意思。因此，本題最佳選項為B。

57.考查形近詞辨析。A選項patience“耐心，名詞”；B選項patient“病人，單數(shù)名詞；有耐心的，形容詞”；C選項patienthood“病態(tài)心理，名詞”；D選項patients“病人，名詞復數(shù)”。句意：太多的____對醫(yī)生施加了巨大的壓力……。根據(jù)句意，空格處應填入名詞病人；原文空格前有many，所以填入的應為復數(shù)名詞。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

58.考查固定搭配與上下文語義。A選項extent“程度，名詞”；B選項extension“拓展，延伸，名詞”；C選項extensive“廣泛的；大量的，形容詞”；D選項extend“延伸，動詞”。句意：醫(yī)務人員，____，犯有參與不法行為的罪行?！皌oacertain____”在原文中做插入語，固定搭配toacertainextent意為“在某種程度上”。因此，本題最佳選項為A。

59.考查固定搭配與上下文語義。A選項taken“拿”；B選項fetched“取來”；C選項given“給”；D選項done“做”。句意：每次打噴嚏就要打一針青霉素的病人可能被____注射。不考慮空格處的詞，句子也能表達完整的語義，“注射；打針”從醫(yī)生的角度說是“giveaninjection”,從病人的角度說是“have/takeaninjection”。原文主語為病人，但用了被動語態(tài)，所以用動詞用“give”更合適。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

60.考查形近詞辨析。A選項physical“物理的，形容詞”；B選項physic“藥物，名詞；給病人服藥，動詞”；C選項physics“物理學，名詞”；D選項physician“醫(yī)生，內(nèi)科醫(yī)生，名詞復數(shù)”。句意：被一個不情愿的____注射，根據(jù)句意和上下文，此處應該填醫(yī)生。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

4.單選題

Shegotveryangryand（

）herclothesaboutintheroom.

問題1選項

A.flung

B.flew

C.clamped

D.clashed

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:她很生氣，把衣服扔的房間里到處都是。

fling(尤指生氣地)扔，擲，拋，丟;猛動(身體或身體部位);粗暴地(向某人)說;氣勢洶洶地(對某人)說。clamp夾住，固定;緊緊抓住;緊夾住;被抓住;被夾緊;用夾鎖鎖住(車)。clash打斗;沖突;比賽;(公開地)爭論。

5.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

42.人們學會了珍惜各自身上具有的一些品質(zhì)，正是這些品質(zhì)使群體生活愉悅美好。在這些品質(zhì)中，最重要的是同情。你若是殘忍地對待動物，你就不大可能對其他人善良體貼。你若是對其他人體貼入微，你就不大可能殘忍冷漠地對待動物。古代的智者寫道“仁者愛人及畜”，原因概出于此。善待動物并不是說我們永遠不能讓動物承受痛苦。人類自身就是在快樂中、也在痛苦中經(jīng)受鍛煉。因此，有時候也需要用懲罰來訓練我們的狗和馬，使他們聽從我們的指令。在醫(yī)生的手下，為了療好創(chuàng)傷或醫(yī)治疾病，我們得忍受痛苦。為了國家的利益，我們派遣最勇敢的人們直面創(chuàng)傷、疾病和死亡。同樣，我們讓戰(zhàn)馬和我們一起親冒矢石。

【答案】Peoplehavelearnedtovaluethequalitiesthateachofthempossessesthatmakegrouplifeenjoyable.Themostimportantofthesequalitiesiscompassion.Ifyouarecrueltoanimals,youarelesslikelytobekindtootherpeople.Ifyoutreatotherpeoplewithconsideration,youarelesslikelytotreatanimalswithcrueltyandinsensitivity.Thisiswhythewisemenofancienttimeswrotethat“benevolentmenlovetheiranimals.”Beingkindtoanimalsdoesnotmeanthatweshouldneverallowanimalstosuffer.Manhimselfisexercisedinpleasureaswellasinpain.Therefore,itissometimesnecessarytousepunishmenttotrainourdogsandhorsestoobeyourcommands.Underthehandsofadoctor,wehavetosufferinordertohealawoundorcureadisease.Wehavesentourbravestmenandwomentofacetrauma,diseaseanddeathinthefaceofwhatisgoodforourcountry.Inthesameway,weletourhorsesmarchwithusthroughthehailofbullets.

6.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoatanevenearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolutiontheshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（擾亂）European’sprivatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvy（精通技術的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegativedarkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautifulandstrong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”O(jiān)nlyanidealwomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufrnann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon’tlastlongiftheystartatall.EppendorfablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdidgiveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

問題1選項

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

問題2選項

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmericanstylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

問題3選項

A.warmandlightheated

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

問題4選項

A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

問題5選項

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe"irresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury.（一位法國社會學家認為，從家庭生活到獨處生活方式的轉變，是上個世紀“不可抗拒的個人主義勢頭”的一部分）可知A選項“他們受到強烈的個人主義的驅(qū)使”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.（在歐洲從社會民主向更尖銳、更個人主義的美國式資本主義轉變的過程中，當代的獨居者逐漸成熟）可知B選項“歐洲社會越來越接近美國式的資本主義”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoiceTheywereyoung,beautifulandstrong!（最新一批單身人士是三四十歲的高收入者，他們越來越認為獨居是一種生活方式的選擇……他們年輕，漂亮，強壯！）可知D選項“健康和富有”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.（我總是做我想做的事：過一種自主的生活）可知A選項“一些現(xiàn)代女性更喜歡個人自由的生活”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了越來越多的歐洲人選擇在年輕時保持單身；第二段講述了歐洲經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展促進了獨立趨勢，使人們具有獨立生活的能力；第三段講述了越來越多的高收入者選擇獨居生活；第四段舉例人們選擇單身的原因與個人事業(yè)發(fā)展有關。本文一直都是圍繞單身這個主題來展開闡述，已經(jīng)成為一種趨勢，因此C選項“研究年輕人獨居的趨勢”符合題意。

7.單選題

TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws”.Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclauseremainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers'immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallpersonsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt'srulinginDredScottVSanfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.TheactwasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswithauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectionthefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson'sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment'sexistence,theSupremeCourt'sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicaccommodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.AftertheSecondWorldWar,ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedintheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BroadofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.

1.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyindicatesthesequenceoftheeventslistedbelow?

I.CivilRightsActof1866II.DredScottV.Sanford

III.FourteenthAmendmentIV.VetobyPresidentJohnson

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoriginalproponentsoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthattheFourteenthAmendmentmightnothavebeenenactedif（）.

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto（）.

問題1選項

A.Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforabroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.

B.InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthavenotreachedconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.

C.NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerprettheFourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatitexpresses.

D.TheframersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereawarethatthephrase“equalprotectionofthelaws”hadbroadimplications.

問題2選項

A.I-II-IV-III

B.I-IV-III-II

C.III-II-I-IV

D.II-I-IV-III

問題3選項

A.detailingtherightsaffordedbytheprincipleofequalcitizenship

B.providingsupportintheConstitutionforequalprotectionforallcitizensoftheUnitedStates.

C.overturningtheCivilRightsActof1866

D.assertingthatthecivilrightsprotectedbytheConstitutionincludednonracialdiscriminationaswellasracialdiscrimination.

問題4選項

A.Congress'authoritywithregardtolegislatingcivilrightshadnotbeenchallenged.

B.theframershadanticipatedtheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.theframershadbelievedthatitwouldbeusedindecidingcasesofdiscriminationinvolvingnon-racialgroups.

D.Moststategovernmentshadbeenwillingtoprotectcitizens'civilrights.

問題5選項

A.allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment.

B.influencetheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions.

D.prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“...writeintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrights...”可知選項A錯誤；根據(jù)第一段第二句“allinterpretersagreethat...theCivilRightsActof1866”可知,選項B也錯誤；根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知選項C正確；選項D在文中沒有提及。

2.根據(jù)原文可知,《民權法案》是1866年出臺的,《第十四條修正案》是1868年批準的,所以首先排除選項C；根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,《民權法案》中的宣言其主要目的是為了反對最高法院在DredScott起訴Sanford案中做出的黑人可以被剝奪公民權的裁決。由此可知,訴訟發(fā)生在《民權法案》之前,所以選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句,AndrewJohnson總統(tǒng)否決了《民權法案》,他認為廢除奴隸制的第十三修正案沒有賦予國會權力將公民權和平等保護擴展到被解放的奴隸。盡管國會很快推翻了Johnson的否決,但該法案的支持者試圖通過《第十四條修正案》確保其憲法基礎。由此可知,《第十四條修正案》的支持者最關心的是憲法是否為所有美國公民的平等保護提供了支持,選項B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,如果國會在立法公民權利方面的權威沒有受到挑戰(zhàn),《第十四條修正案》也許不會頒布。選項A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段“...,whichassertsthat“private”decisions...theFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.”該限制規(guī)定,公共設施和其他商業(yè)企業(yè)業(yè)主所做出的對其設施實行種族隔離的“私人”決定不受《第十四條修正案》保證的法律平等保護的影響。選項A符合原文。

8.填空題

ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporateplanningactivities,comparedtoaboutonethirdofU.S.companies.Itmaynotbelong

whenLondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapital

A

B

C

D

ofPR.

【答案】Dwhen改為before

【解析】【考查點】從句。

【解題思路】D部分到句子結尾是時間狀語從句，表示用不了多久倫敦就會取代紐約，引導詞用before，表示在倫敦取代紐約要不了多長時間。

【句意】最近的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過一半的英國公司將公關作為公司規(guī)劃活動的一部分，而美國公司的這一比例只有三分之一。用不了多久，倫敦就會取代紐約成為公關之都。

9.單選題

Bridesareincreasinglyshunningsummerweddingsandgettingmarriedduringwinter______tocutcostsamidtheeconomicgloom,figuressuggest.

問題1選項

A.insteadof

B.otherwise

C.instead

D.ratherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。空格處詞語需要修飾后面動詞不定式，詞性限制為副詞。insteadof“代替；而不是”是介詞短語，A選項排除；otherwise“否則；另外”；instead“代替；相反”；ratherthan“而不是”。句意：數(shù)據(jù)顯示，為了在經(jīng)濟低迷時期削減成本，越來越多的新娘避開夏季婚禮……在冬季結婚。因此選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Eyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunication（

）.

問題1選項

A.tragedy

B.vacuum

C.question

D.barrier

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。tragedy悲劇，災難；vacuum真空；question問題，疑問；barrier障礙，界線。

句意：眼神交流很重要，因為錯誤的眼神交流可能會造成溝通障礙。選項D符合句意。

11.單選題

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil”.

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkerstearthey’vebecomethedisposableAmericanasLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedUtopian(烏托邦式的)possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity(肥胖癥).Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”?

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

問題1選項

A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

問題2選項

A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpected

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety

問題3選項

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.

D.Healthcareandeducationalcosthave