考研考博-英語-南陽農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南陽農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thebillwaspassedunanimouslyasaresultoftheintensivelobbyingofsomesenators.

問題1選項

A.withoutanyobjections

B.intheultimate

C.inthebackgroundt

D.againstheavyodds

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。unanimously表示“全體一致地”；A項withoutanyobjections“沒有任何異議”，B項intheultimate“終于”，C項inthebackground“在后面，在幕后”，D項againstheavyodds“敵眾我寡”。句意：由于一些參議員的大力游說，這項法案獲得一致通過。根據(jù)句意可知，“一致”相當(dāng)于“沒有任何異議”，故該題選擇A項正確。

2.單選題

Theapparentpurposeofallowingthegovernmenttoinvestthetrustfundistotakeadvantageofthehigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets.Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive.HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient.

A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments.Itshowedthatgovernmentsgenerallypursuedoneoftwopoliciesfortheirinvestments,bothfundamentallyflawed.

Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks.Therearetworeasonsforthispolicy.First,thereisacautionarysearchforsafeinvestmentsbecausegovernmentsfearthepoliticalreactionifamoreaggressiveinvestmentpolicyweretoleadtoadverseresults.Second,buyingupgovernmentdebtallowthegovernmenttodefertheconsequencesofitsownoverspending.Indeed,thereisevidencethatthepowertoshiftgovernmentdebtintopensionfundsactuallymayinducethemtospendandborrowmore.Borrowingfromthepensionfundislesstransparentthandoingsofromtheopencapitalmarket.Inmanycases,suchborrowingisnotevenreportedaspublicdebt,andtheinterestratemaybelower.

ThisalreadyisoccurringwiththeSocialSecuritytrustfund.ThecurrentsurplusisusedtopurchaseFederalTreasuryobligationsthatarecreditedtotheSocialSecuritytrustfund.Thegovernmentthenutilizesthemoneyithasborrowedfromthetrustfundtomeetcurrentoperatingexpenses.

Theotherinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsistoinvestingovernment-supportedprojects,suchasstate-ownedenterprisesorpublichousing.Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn.Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney.Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,governmentinvestmentoftheSocialSecuritytrustfund（）.

2.A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestments（）.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat（）.

4.Whattonedidtheauthoradoptinthispassage?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.willresultinhigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets

B.canhaveanegativeeffectontheefficiencyofthemarkets

C.willgiveanimpetustoeconomicdevelopment

D.canpromoteproductivityofcapital

問題2選項

A.mettheexpectationofthehigherannualreturns

B.excludedthepossibilityofamoreaggressiveinvestment

C.failedtomeetwiththegovernment’santicipation

D.failedtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

問題3選項

A.investmentsingovernment-supportedprojectsoftenearnhighannualreturns

B.greatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomycouldimpedeeconomicgrowth

C.businessinvestmentsinpublichousingfrequentlylosemoney

D.theinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsisfundamentallyprofitable

問題4選項

A.Satire

B.Exposure

C.Attack

D.Criticism

問題5選項

A.Governmentpoliciesfuelthegovernmentinvestmentintheeconomyandkeepitontherighttrack

B.Governmentinvolvementintheeconomywillultimatelysloweconomicgrowth.

C.Governmentinvestmentingovernment-supportedprojectsisafallacy

D.Governmentmightearnhigherreturnsifitinvestsinstocks

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient(美國資本市場的高回報源于資本的高生產(chǎn)率和市場的效率。社會保障信托基金對私人資本市場的投資將損害美國經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)的這兩個來源；資本的生產(chǎn)效率將降低，市場的效率也將降低)。因此，B項“對市場效率可能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments(1994年，世界銀行在全球范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與私人管理的養(yǎng)老基金投資相比，它們的年回報率普遍較低)。因此C項“沒有達(dá)到政府的預(yù)期目標(biāo)”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。最后一段最后一句指出:Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself(此外，政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，進(jìn)而可能導(dǎo)致政策放緩經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，降低包括政府本身在內(nèi)的所有投資者的資本回報率)。由此可知B項“政府對經(jīng)濟(jì)的更多參與可能會阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)增長”正確。

第4題:觀點態(tài)度題。文章開頭指出允許政府進(jìn)行信貸投資的目的是利用私人資本市場的高額投資回報。然而有力的證據(jù)表明：政府的投資政策實質(zhì)上可能減少它原本預(yù)期獲得的投資回報。并且在結(jié)尾部分進(jìn)一步指出了政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，進(jìn)而可能導(dǎo)致政策放緩經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，降低包括政府本身在內(nèi)的所有投資者的資本回報率。可以看出文章作者的語氣是在批評政府所采取的社會保障基金投資政策。故選D項。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A:政府政策推動了政府投資，并讓經(jīng)濟(jì)走上正軌。B:政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的投資最終減慢經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。C:政府支持項目的投資是錯誤的。D:如果政府投資股市，或許收益更大。第一段第二句指出:Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive(然而有力的證據(jù)表明：政府的投資政策實質(zhì)上可能減少它原本預(yù)期獲得的投資回報)。由此可知A項錯誤。最后一句指出:governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowth…(政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，這有可能反過來導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)政策的制定，這種政策進(jìn)而會減慢經(jīng)濟(jì)增長)。因此B項正確。第三段第一句指出:Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks(其中之一是對政府債券大力投資，其回報遠(yuǎn)低于對股市之類的投資)。因此D項正確。最后一段指出:Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn(這種投資的結(jié)果還是回報率很低)，以及:Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney(事實上，這種投資經(jīng)常賠錢)。因此C項符合原文所述。故此題選A。

3.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:absorption“吸收”；B:transition“過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變”；C:consumption“消費”；D:interaction“相互作用”。句意：水從固體轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐后w，吸收了周圍所有物質(zhì)的熱量，這種吸收產(chǎn)生了周圍的人工寒冷。根據(jù)語境和句意，這里所指的是吸熱，因此A最合適。

4.單選題

Mr.Whitewastoldagainandagainto______smokingbuthejustwouldn’tlisten.

問題1選項

A.cutthrough

B.cutoff

C.cutdown

D.cutaway

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項cutthrough“抄近路走過”；B選項cutoff“切斷”；C選項cutdown“減少”；D選項cutaway“切掉”。句意：懷特先生一再被告知要減少吸煙，但他就是不聽。本句表示減少吸煙。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Accordingtopsychologists,anemotionisarousedwhenamanoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood.Whenpersonfeelslikerunningawayfromsomethinghethinkswillhurthim,wecallthisemotionfear.Ifthepersonwantstoremovethedangerbyattackingit,wecalltheemotionanger.Theemotionsofjoyandlovearearousedwhenwethinksomethingcanhelpus.Anemotiondoesnothavetobecreatedbysomethingintheoutsideworld;itcanbecreatedbyaperson'sthoughts.

Everyonehasemotions.Manypsychologistsbelievethatinfantsarebornwithoutemotions.Theybelievechildrenlearnemotionsjustastheylearntoreadandwrite.Agrowingchildnotonlyleamshisemotions,butalsolearnshowtoactincertainsituationsbecauseofanemotion.

Psychologiststhinkthattherearetwotypesofemotion:positiveandnegative.Positiveemotionsincludelove,liking,joy,delight,andhope.Theyarearousedbysomethingthatappealstoaperson.Negativeemotionsmakeapersonunhappyordissatisfied.Theyincludeanger,fear,despair,sadness,anddisgust.Ingrowingup,apersonlearnstocopewiththenegativeemotionsinordertobehappy.

Emotionsmaybeweakorstrong.Somestrongemotionsaresounpleasantthatapersonwilltryanymeanstoescapefromthem.Inordertofeelhappy,thepersonmaychooseunusualwaystoavoidtheemotion.

Strongemotionscanmakeithardtothinkandtosolveproblems.Theymaypreventapersonfromlearningorpayingattentiontowhatheisdoing.Forexample,astudenttakinganexaminationmaybesoworriedaboutfailingthathecannotthinkproperly.Theworrydrainsvaluablementalenergyheneedsfortheexamination.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethatanemotioniscreatedbysomethingthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?（）

3.Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageisto（）.

4.Wecansafelyconcludethatastudentmayfailinanexamif（）.

5.Asusedinthelastsentence,theword“drains”means（）.

問題1選項

A.onethinksbadorgood

B.onefeelsindanger

C.onefacesintheoutsideworld

D.onetriestoescapefrominreallife

問題2選項

A.Childrenlearnemotionsastheygrowup.

B.Babiesarebornwithemotions.

C.Emotionsfallintotwotypesingeneral.

D.Peoplecancopewiththenegativeemotionsinlife.

問題3選項

A.explainwhypeoplehaveemotions

B.showhowpeopleavoidthenegativeemotions

C.explainwhatpeopleshoulddobeforeemotions

D.defineandclassifypeople’semotions

問題4選項

A.hecannotthinkproperly

B.hecannotpayattentiontoit

C.hecannotadjusthimselftoit

D.heisnotfullofenergy

問題5選項

A.stops

B.ties

C.weakens

D.flowsgradually

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一句accordingtopsychologists,anemotionisarousedwhenamanoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood提到人的情感是由于人或者動物將某物視作好或壞的時候。選項A符合題意。

2.文章第二段第二句manypsychologistsbelievethatinfantsarebornwithoutemotions提到嬰兒被認(rèn)為生下來沒有情感。所以選項B符合題意。

3.文章主要介紹了什么是人類的情感，有哪些種類，所以選項D符合題意。

4.文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句forexample,astudenttakinganexaminationmaybesoworriedaboutfailingthathecannotthinkproperly提到參加考試的學(xué)生害怕考試失敗而難以正常思考。如果不能正常思考，考試就可能失敗。所以選項A符合題意。

5.題干中的drain的意思是“流干”。在文中指的是擔(dān)憂將人們所需的經(jīng)歷削弱，選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Asayoungman,Johnwasfascinatedbymovies.Hewouldoftenseefourorfivefilmsaweek.Hisinterestinthemwanedinhislatetwenties,whenhebegantospendalotoftimeoutdoors.

問題1選項

A.Asayoungman

B.wouldoftensee

C.inhislatetwenties

D.whenhebegantospendalotoftimeoutdoors

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】短語誤用。begantospend改成beganspending。表示開始一種新習(xí)慣時，應(yīng)使用begindoing的形式

7.單選題

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Textinghaslongbeenbemoaned(哀嘆)asthedownfallofthewrittenword,“penmanshipforilliterates,”asonecriticcalledit.TowhichtheproperresponseisLOL.Textingproperlyisn’twritingatall.It’sa“spoken”languagethatisgettingricherandmorecomplexbytheyear.

First,somehistoricalperspective.Writingwasonlyinvented5,500yearsago,whereaslanguageprobablytracesbackatleast80,000years.Thustalkingcamefirst;wringisjustacraftthatcamealonglater.Assuch,thefirstwritingwasbasedonthewaypeopletalk,withshortsentences.However,whiletalkingislargelysubconsciousandrapid,writingisdeliberateandslow.Overtime,writerstookadvantageofthisandstartedcraftinglong-windedsentencessuchasthisone:“Thewholeengagementlastedabove12hours,tillthegradualretreatofthePersianswaschangedintoadisorderlyflight,ofwhichtheshamefulexamplewasgivenbytheprincipalleadersand…”

Noonetalkslikethatcasually—orshould.Butitisnaturaltodesiretodosoforspecialoccasions.Intheolddays,wedidn’tmuchwriteliketalkingbecausetherewasnomechanismtoreproducethespeedofconversation.Buttextingandinstantmessagingdo—andarevolutionhasbegun.Itinvolvesthecrudemechanicsofwriting,butinitseconomy,spontaneityandevenvulgarity,textingisactuallyanewkindoftalking,withitsownkindofgrammarandconventions.

TakeLOL.Itdoesn’tactuallymean“l(fā)aughingoutloud”inaliteralsenseanymore.LOLhasevolvedintosomethingmuchsubtlerandsophisticatedandisusedevenwhennothingisremotelyamusing.Joeelyntexts“Wherehaveyoubeen?”andAnnabelletextsback“LOLatthelibrarystudyingfortwohours.”LOLsignalbasicempathy(同感)betweentexters,easingtensionandcreatingasenseofequality.Insteadofhavingaliteralmeaning,itdoessomething—conveyinganattitude—justlikethe-edendingconveyspasttenseratherthan“meaning”anything.LOL,ofallthings,isgrammar.

Ofcoursenoonethinksaboutthatconsciously.Butthenmostofcommunicationoperateswithoutbeingnoticed.Overtime,themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts—meatusedtomeananykindoffood,sillyusedtomean,believeitornot,blessed.

Civilization,then,isfine—peoplebangingawayontheirsmartphonesarefluentlyusingacodeseparatefromtheonetheyuseinactualwriting,andthereisnoevidencethattextingisruiningcompositionskills.Worldwidepeoplespeakdifferentlyfromthewaytheywrite,andtexting—quick,casualandonlyintendedtobereadonce—isactuallyawayoftalkingwithyourfingers.

16.Whatdocriticssayabouttexting?

17.Inwhatwaydoestheauthorsaywritingisdifferentfromtalking?

18.WhyisLOLmuchusedintexting?

19.Exampleslikemeatandsillyarecitedtoshow（）.

20.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftexting?

問題1選項

A.Itismainlyconfinedtoyoungsters.

B.Itcompeteswithtraditionalwriting.

C.Itwillruinthewrittenlanguage.

D.Itisoftenhardtounderstand.

問題2選項

A.Itiscraftedwithspecificskills.

B.Itexpressesideasmoreaccurately.

C.Itdoesnothaveaslongahistory.

D.Itisnotaseasytocomprehend.

問題3選項

A.Itbringstextersclosertoeachother.

B.Itshowsthetexter’ssophistication.

C.Itisatrendywaytocommunicate.

D.Itaddstothehumorofthetext.

問題4選項

A.thedifferencebetweenwritingandtalking

B.howdifferentlywordsareusedintexting

C.whypeopleusethewordsthewaytheydo

D.thegradualchangeofwordmeaning

問題5選項

A.Itfacilitatesexchangeofideasamongpeople.

B.Itisanewformofverbalcommunication.

C.Itdeterioratespeople’scompositionskills.

D.Ithastensthedeclineofthewrittenword.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】16、【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“critics”定位到文章的第一段第一句話“Textinghaslongbeenbemoanedasthedownfallofthewrittenword,“penmanshipforilliterates,”asonecriticcalledit”（長久以來，短信一直被認(rèn)為是書面文字的衰落，一位評論家稱它為“文盲的書法”）。選項C“它會破壞了書面語言”對應(yīng)這句話中的thedownfallofthewrittenword。A、B、D與評論家的說法無關(guān)，所以排除。因此C選項正確。

17、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“writingisdifferentfromtalking”可定位到第二段第五句話“However,whiletalkingislargelysubconsciousandrapid,writingisdeliberateandslow”（然而，說話很大程度上是潛意識的、快速的，而寫作則是深思熟慮的、緩慢的）可知deliberate這個詞來看，與B選項表達(dá)中的accurately最接近，所以最佳選項為B選項。A、D選項在文中沒有相關(guān)表述；C選項關(guān)于寫作的歷史第二段開頭可知，寫作是位于談話之后的，歷史也是很長的，所以排除。因此B選項正確。

18、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“LOL”我們定位到文章中第四段第五句話“LOLsignalbasicempathy(同感)betweentexters,easingtensionandcreatingasenseofequality”（LOL代表了發(fā)信息的人之間基本的同感，以及緩和緊張氣氛和找到公平的感覺）可知那么“同感”就對應(yīng)著選項A中的closertoeachother，即讓人與人之間的距離更近。所以最佳選項為A選項。LOL一開始的字面意義為“笑出來了”，甚至在沒什么好玩的時候也會使用它，但沒有關(guān)于其幽默的表述，所以排除D選項；B、C選項沒有原文依據(jù)，所以排除。因此A選項正確。

19、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“meatandsilly”可定位到第五段第三句話“Overtime,themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts—meatusedtomeananykindoffood,sillyusedtomean,believeitornot,blessed”（隨著時間的推移，一個單詞或短語的含義也在不斷變化——meat被用來表示任何一種食物，silly被用來表示，信不信由你，上天保佑）可知這是個舉例，而其觀點在前面部分，即“themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts”所以meatandsilly顯示出了詞語意義的變化。Drift對應(yīng)著D選項中的change。A、B、C均不符合題意，所以排除。因此D選項正確。

20、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段最后一句話“It’sa‘spoken’languagethatisgettingricherandmorecomplexbytheyear”（這是一種“口語”語言，它正變得越來越豐富和復(fù)雜）以及最后一段最后一句話“Worldwidepeoplespeakdifferentlyfromthewaytheywrite,andtexting—quick,casualandonlyintendedtobereadonce—isactuallyawayoftalkingwithyourfingers”（世界各地的人們說話的方式和書寫的方式大不相同。短信——快速、隨意、只供閱讀一次的短信——其實是用手指在說話）可知這兩句話都處于文章表達(dá)觀點的段落，表達(dá)的意思為它是一種新的語言交流形式，和B選項構(gòu)成同義的關(guān)系。所以最佳選項是B選項。A選項“它促進(jìn)了人們之間思想的交流”在文中有提及，但不能概括全篇內(nèi)容；C選項說法錯誤，文中提到?jīng)]有證據(jù)表明短信正在破壞寫作技巧；D選項體現(xiàn)在本文第一句，但是不是作者的想法，所以排除。因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

（

）withtheheightoftheskyscraper,thismountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.

問題1選項

A.Whencompared

B.Whilecomparing

C.Compare

D.Comparing

【答案】A

【解析】句意:當(dāng)與摩天大樓的高度相比吋，這座山看起來根本不高。

語法題?？疾檫^去分詞做狀語。此句主語為thismountain,前半句為動詞compare的過去分詞做比較狀語。分句中動詞compare與邏輯主語thismountain之間是被動關(guān)系,故選A。

9.單選題

IhavedevotedfiveweekendscontinuouslytowritingthegraduationthesisandnowIfeelI______agoodrest.

問題1選項

A.deserve

B.preserve

C.conceive

D.receive

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deserve“應(yīng)受，值得”；preserve“保存，保護(hù)”；conceive“設(shè)想，考慮”；receive“接收，接待”。句意：我已經(jīng)連續(xù)五個周末在寫畢業(yè)論文了，現(xiàn)在我感覺我應(yīng)該好好休息一下。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CorDandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Publicofficialsandcandidatesforpublicofficesroutinelyusepublicopinionpollstokeep（31）ofwhatthepeoplearethinking.Animportantquestionisthedegreetowhichthesepollsshouldguideleaders（32）theiractions.Thereareargumentsforandagainsttheuseofpollsasthebasisforpolicy（33）.

Pollscancontributetoeffectivegovernmentbykeepingpoliticalleadersfromgettingtoofar（34）linewiththepublic’sthinking.Inademocraticsociety,theeffectivesofapublicpolicydependsontheextentofitspublic（35）.Whenapolicyiscontrarytothepublic’sdesires,peoplemaychooseto（36）orunderminedit,thusmakingitcounterproductiveorinefficient.Furthermore,whengovernment（37）acourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees,it（38）alossofpublicconfidence,whichcanhaveanegativeeffectonitsabilitytolead.TheReaganadministration,flyinghighfrom1981to1985,wasbroughtlowin1986bypublicreactiontonewsofitssecretsalesofweaponstoIran.Theadministrationhadnotpaid（39）attentiontopollsthathadrevealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini’sregimehadheldthreeAmericanhostages.

However,leaderscanalsodoadisservicetothepublictheyrepresentbyusingpollresultsasa（40）forpolicyjudgment.Effectivegovernment,asWalterLippmannwrote,cannotbeconductedbylegislatorsandofficialswho,whenaquestionispresented,askthemselvesfirstandlastnotwhatisthetruthandwhichistherightandnecessarycourse.

問題1選項

A.trace

B.trade

C.track

D.trap

問題2選項

A.with

B.to

C.for

D.in

問題3選項

A.determination

B.conclusion

C.decision

D.choice

問題4選項

A.from

B.by

C.at

D.about

問題5選項

A.admission

B.support

C.disagreement

D.reaction

問題6選項

A.dispute

B.disregard

C.disrespect

D.disrupt

問題7選項

A.continues

B.carrieson

C.embarks

D.pursues

問題8選項

A.risks

B.costs

C.makes

D.endangers

問題9選項

A.efficiency

B.effective

C.sufficient

D.scarce

問題10選項

A.replacement

B.substitute

C.change

D.diversity

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

【解析】31、【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查名詞與詞組辨析。A選項keeptraceof“保留痕跡，跟蹤”；B選項trade“貿(mào)易”；C選項keeptrackof“記錄；與……保持聯(lián)系，明了”；D選項trap“陷阱，圈套”。由空格后“whatthepeoplearethinking”（人民的想法）可知與其對應(yīng)的是了解，明了的意思。A、B、D在此處語義不符。因此C選項正確。

32、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。由空格前后語義可知這里指這些民調(diào)應(yīng)該在多大程度上指導(dǎo)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的行動，在……方面，使用介詞in。A選項with“隨著，由著”；B選項to“對于”；D選項for“給，對；為了”，在此處語義不符。因此D選項正確。

33、【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項determination“決心；果斷”；B選項conclusion“結(jié)論”；C選項decision“決定”；D選項choice“選擇”。由空格前“pollsasthebasisforpolicy”（民意作為政治……的基礎(chǔ)）可知與其對應(yīng)的是決定，即將民調(diào)作為政治決定的基礎(chǔ)。A選項一般指人決心做某事；B、D在此處語義不符。因此C選項正確。

34、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析與前后邏輯關(guān)系。Farfrom意為“遠(yuǎn)離”，由空格前后語義可知這里指這些民調(diào)能幫助政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人避免與公眾的想法偏離太遠(yuǎn)，從而提高政府的效率。因此A選項正確。

35、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析與語義關(guān)系。A選項admission“承認(rèn)”；B選項support“支持；幫助”；C選項disagreement“不一致；爭論”；D選項reaction“反應(yīng)，感應(yīng)”。由空格前theeffectivesofapublicpolicydependsontheextentofitspublic”（公共政策的有效性取決于其公眾……的程度）可知與其對應(yīng)的是支持，即有效性取決于公眾的支持程度。A、C、D在此處語義不符。因此B選項正確。

36、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項dispute“辯論；爭吵”；B選項disregard“忽視，無視”；C選項disrespect“無禮，失禮”；D選項disrupt“破壞；使瓦解”。由空格后“or”可知該空與undermined（破壞）是并列選擇關(guān)系。A、C選項在此處語義不符；D選項意義也為破壞，與空格后語義重復(fù)，排除。因此B選項正確。

37、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項continues“繼續(xù)，連續(xù)”；B選項carrieson“開展；實行”；C選項embarks“上船（或飛機(jī)）”；D選項pursues“追求，從事”。由空格后“acourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees”（大部分公眾不同意的行動方針）可知是采取大眾不同意的方針，pursue有一種貶義的意義，即對應(yīng)后文帶來不好的影響。A、C選項在此處語義不符；B選項意義也為采取，實行，但多為褒義，即經(jīng)過周密調(diào)查而實行的計劃，排除。因此D選項正確。

38、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項risks“冒……危險”；B選項costs“花費；使損失”；C選項makes“做，制作”；D選項endangers“危及；使遭到危險”。由空格后“l(fā)ossofpublicconfidence”（公眾信心的喪失）可知是實行公眾不同意的計劃，是冒著失去公眾信心的風(fēng)險實行的，所以A選項與其語義相對應(yīng)。B、C、D選項在此處語義不符，排除。因此A選項正確。

39、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項efficiency“效率；效能；功效”為名詞，此處需填入形容詞，排除；B選項effective“有效的，起作用的”；C選項sufficient“足夠的；充分的”；D選項scarce“缺乏的，不足的”。由空格后“thathadrevealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini’sregimehadheldthreeAmericanhostages”（這顯示出美國人對伊朗仍然懷有深深的敵意，因為阿亞圖拉?霍梅尼(AyatollahKhomeini)的政權(quán)扣押了三名美國人質(zhì)）可知是由于政府沒有注意到民調(diào)顯示出的美國人仍然對伊朗懷有深深的敵意，所以D選項與其語義相對應(yīng)。A、B、C選項在此處語義不符，排除。因此D選項正確。

40、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項replacement“更換；復(fù)位”，一般與介詞of以及by搭配使用；B選項substitute“代用品；代替者”，通常與介詞of以及for搭配使用；C選項change“變化”；D選項diversity“多樣性；差異”。由空格后介詞“for”可知B選項與其語義相對應(yīng)。A選項一般表示代替不與for搭配；C、D選項在此處語義不符，排除。因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

Sheboughtaknifefromtheshop（）topeelanapple

問題1選項

A.which

B.withthat

C.withwhich

D.atwhich

【答案】C

【解析】這里的先行詞不是shop,所以不能直接跟關(guān)系代詞。peelanapplewithaknife用刀削蘋果用介詞with,所以排除選項A和D。介詞+that不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。所以選項C正確。

12.單選題

Thecriticsconsideredonlytheundesirablequalitiesintheartist’swork,whileignoringor______themoredesirableones.

問題1選項

A.criticizing

B.overlooking

C.deserting

D.flattering

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.criticizing批評B.overlooking忽略

C.deserting拋棄，遺棄D.flattering奉承，諂媚

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處與ignoring為并列成分，所以空格處的意思與ignoring（忽視）的意思相近，故B項符合。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項不符合句子意思。

【句意】批評家們只考慮了藝術(shù)家作品中的不良品質(zhì)，而忽略了更可取的品質(zhì)。

13.單選題

Hewantstostarthisownbusiness,but_______handlingpayroll,governmentcompliance,andbenefitschores.

問題1選項

A.loathe

B.remark

C.uphold

D.systematize

【答案】A

【解析】loathe討厭，厭惡;remark評論,談及;uphold支持,贊成;systematize系統(tǒng)化。句意：他想自己創(chuàng)業(yè)，但又討厭處理工資、應(yīng)對政府法規(guī)和處理收益上的瑣事。選項A符合句意。

14.單選題

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasastunningreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeraninstinctiveresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoralsoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen'tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?“Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat.”saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolentbecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson,”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed,buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquity（無處不在）ofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.”

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,”saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheading（斬首）canhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1.000oftheenemy,”HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization.”

1.Whathaschangedtherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?

2.Thegoalofpsychologicalwarfareisto（

）.

3.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitselfbecause

（

）.

4.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat

（

）.

5.Inthispassagetheauthor（

）.

問題1選項

A.Terroristattacks.

B.Theincreaseofmilitaryconflicts.

C.Advancesinnuclearweapons.

D.Prosperityofthemedia.

問題2選項

A.changetheideologyoftheoppo