考研考博-英語-安徽體育運(yùn)動職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽體育運(yùn)動職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Atthestartofthe21stcentury,humankindfindsitselfonanon-sustainablecourse—thecoursethat,unlessitischanged,couldleadtograndscalecatastrophes.Atthesametime,weareunlockingformidablenewcapabilitiesthatleadtomoreexcitinglivesandgloriouscivilizations.Thiscouldbeeitherhumanity’slastcenturyorthecenturythatsetstheworldonacoursetowardaspectacularfuture.

Weliveonasmall,beautifulandatotallyisolatedplanet,butitspopulationisbecomingtoolarge;enormousnewconsumersocietiesaregrowing,ofwhichChinaisthelargest;andtechnologyisbecomingpowerfulenoughtowrecktheplanet.Wearetravelingatbreakneckspeedintoanageoftheextremes—extremesinwealthandpoverty,extremesintechnologyandtheexperimentsthatscientistswanttoperform,extremeforcesofglobalism,weaponsofmassdestructionandterroristsactinginthenameofreligion.Ifwearetosurvive,wehavetolearnhowtomanagethissituation.

Thesetofproblemshasasetofsolutions.Ifwehumansimplementthesesolutions,wecangraduallyachievesustainabledevelopmentandasustainablebutaffluentlife.Workingtowardsustainabilityrequiresmanydifferenttypesofactionsindifferentsubjectareas.Inlightofrapidlyadvancingtechnology,however,sustainabilityaloneisnotenough.Weneedtobeconcernedwithsurvivability.Theremustbeamoveawayfromtheuntenablecourseweareontodaytowardaworldwherewelearntocontrolthediverseforcesweareunleashing.

【答案】【參考譯文】在21世紀(jì)開始之際，人類意識到自己正走上了一條走不下去的路。除非改變方向，否則這條路會將人類引向巨大的災(zāi)難?？墒峭瑫r，我們也正釋放出種種新的巨大潛能，而借助這些潛能，人類能迎來各種更令人激動的生活和更光輝的文明。這可能是人類的最后一個世紀(jì)，但也可能是人類撥正航程，朝光輝燦爛未來駛?cè)サ囊粋€世紀(jì)。

我們生活在一個與其他星球隔絕的美麗的小星球上，但是地球的人口已經(jīng)太多；龐大的新興消費(fèi)社會正在成長，而中國是其中最大的一個；科技也正變得無比強(qiáng)大到足以毀壞這個星球。我們正瘋狂地奔向一個極端的時代：極端的富有，極端的貧困，極端的科學(xué)技術(shù)，極端的科學(xué)實驗，極端的全球化影響力，大規(guī)模毀滅性武器，還有以宗教名義進(jìn)行的恐怖活動。假如想要逃此一劫，我們就得學(xué)會如何駕馭這一形勢。

這一系列的問題也有一系列的解決方案。如果我們?nèi)祟惸軐⑦@些方案付諸實施，我們就能漸漸地達(dá)到可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)，享有一種既可持續(xù)但仍富裕的生活。達(dá)到可持續(xù)這個目標(biāo)需要在不同的領(lǐng)域采取不同的行動。然而考慮到科技的快速發(fā)展，僅僅可持續(xù)是不夠的。我們需要關(guān)注能否存活。我們必須放棄今日我們采取的已無出路的方向，朝一個新方向前行，而新世界要求我們學(xué)會掌控我們釋放出的各種能量。

2.單選題

Rarely（

）atechnologicaldevelopment（

）animpactonmanyaspectsofsocial,economic，andculturaldevelopmentasgreatlyasthegrowthofelectronics.

問題1選項

A.has...had

B.had...had

C.has...has

D.have...had

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。句首以否定詞rarely“罕見地”開頭，后面語句形成部分倒裝。句意：很少有一項科技發(fā)展能像電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展那樣，對方方面面比如社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等產(chǎn)生如此重要的影響。結(jié)合句意及由主語atechnologicaldevelopment可知謂語動詞應(yīng)為hashad。把has提前后可得A選項。

3.單選題

Colourblindnessisinabilitytodistinguishoneormoreofthethreecoloursred,green,andblue.(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates,including,amongothers,manandtheotherprimates,fish,amphibians,somereptiles,andsomebirds;andinbeesandbutterflies.)Intheretina,thelight-sensitivelayeroftissuethatlinesthebackandsidesoftheeyeball,thereare,inhumanbeings,threetypesofcones,thevisualcellsthatfunctionintheperceptionofcolour.Onetypeabsorbslightbestinwavelengthsofblue-violetandanotherinthewavelengthsofgreen.Thethirdtypeismostsensitivetowavelengthsofyellowbutisalsosensitivetored.

Colour-blindpersonsmaybeblindtoone,two,orallofthecoloursred.green,andblue.(Blindnesstorediscalledprotanopia;togreen,deuteranopia;andtoblue,tritanopia.)Red-blindpersonsareordinarilyunabletodistinguishbetweenredandgreen,whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow.Green-blindpersonsareunabletoseethegreenpartofthespectrum.

Colourblindness,whichaffectsabout20timesasmanymalesasfemales,isasex-linkedrecessivecharacteristic.Awomanmustinheritthetraitfrombothparentstobecolour-blind.Acolour-blindmanandawomanofnormalcolourvisionhavedaughterswhohavenormalcolourvision.Butarecarriersofthetrait—thatis,thedaughtersmayhavecolour-blindsonsanddaughterswhoarecarriers.Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring.Thesonofanormalmanandacarrierwomanmaybecolour-blind,andthedaughterofsuchaunionmaybeacarrier.Thus,colourblindnesstendstoskipgenerations.

1.（）personisunabletodistinguishblueandyellow.

2.Theunderlinedword“skip”inthelastsentenceofthispassagemostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

4.Itcanbeknowfromthispassagethat（）hasnormalvisionandisunabletopassthecolour-blind

traitontooffspring.

問題1選項

A.Acolour-blind

B.Adeuteranopic

C.Aprotanopic

D.Atritanopic

問題2選項

A.omit

B.clip

C.slip

D.emit

問題3選項

A.inabilitytodistinguishonlyonecolourisusuallynotregardedascolourblindness

B.onlyafewvertebrateshavetheabilitytoseecolours

C.onlyhumanshavetheremarkableabilitytoseecolours

D.allvertebratescannotseecolours

問題4選項

A.thedaughterofacolour-blindmanandacolour-blindwoman

B.thedaughterofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

C.thesonofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

D.thesonofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvision

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“什么色盲的人分不清藍(lán)色和黃色？”文章第二段提到“藍(lán)盲的人不能區(qū)分藍(lán)色和黃色”(whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow)，前面提到toblue,tritanopia，因此選項D符合題意。

2.詞義題。題目問的是“劃線單詞skip的意思”。文章第三段提到男性色盲的發(fā)病率是女性色盲的20倍，并且提到色盲有隔代遺傳的特點，因此skipgeneration就是“隔代”的意思，因此選項A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“通過文章可知……”。文章第一段提到只有少數(shù)幾種脊椎動物具有看顏色的能力(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates)，由此可知選項B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“通過文章可知，下列哪種情況不會遺傳給下一代？”文章第三句提到色盲男性和視力正常的女性的兒子視力正常，且不能將色盲形狀遺傳給后代（Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring），因此選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Thesoldierwas（）ofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.

問題1選項

A.scolded

B.charged

C.accused

D.punished

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。bescoldedfor因…而被訓(xùn)斥；bechargedwith“被指控犯…罪的”；beaccusedof“被指控”；bepublishedfor“因…而受懲罰”。句意：在敵人攻擊時，這位士兵被指控逃跑了。C項符合題意。

5.單選題

Manycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.

問題1選項

A.allatonce

B.byandby

C.tosomeextent

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.allatonce突然B.byandby不久以后

C.tosomeextent在一定程度上D.onthewhole總的來說

【考查點】短語辨析

【解題思路】原文byandlarge的意思是“總的來說”，四個選項中與該短語意思最接近的是D選項onthewhole“總的來說”。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項與原文不符。

【句意】許多影評人一致認(rèn)為，總的來說，這部電影在表演和攝影方面都是成功的。

6.單選題

Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheworD.ofthecrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,Africanjungle,orAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.Theelaborate,carefullyassembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.Withtheguiltofescapismfromreallifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,whosuffersfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebraisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas（）.

2.Thecreationofdetectivestorieshasitsoriginin（）.

3.Thecharactersofthedetectivestoriesare,generallyspeaking,（）.

4.Thesettingofthedetectivestoriesissomethinginamoreremoteplacebecause（）.

5.Thewriterofthispassagethinks（）.

問題1選項

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovel

B.notatruenovelatall

C.relatedinsomewaystothehistoricalnovel

D.adistinctbranchofthetraditionalnovel

問題2選項

A.seekingrestfromworkorworries

B.solving.mysteriousdeathsinthissociety

C.restoringexpectationsinpolitesociety

D.preventingcrimes

問題3選項

A.moreprofoundthanthoseofthetraditionalnovels

B.asrealaslifeitself

C.notlikehumanbeingsatall

D.notveryprofoundbutnotunlikely

問題4選項

A.itismorereal

B.ourfriendsarefamiliarwithit

C.itpleasesthereadersinaway

D.itneedsthereaders’support

問題5選項

A.whatpeoplehopeforfromlifecanfinallybegrantediftheyhaveconfidence

B.peopleliketofeelthatjusticeandgoodnesswillalwaystriumph

C.theyknowintherealworkgooddoesnotprevailoverevil

D.theirhopesinlifecanonlybefulfilledthroughfictionreading

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】

1.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.”選項D正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.”偵探小說通常是大學(xué)教師、文學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、科學(xué)家甚至詩人放松之余的創(chuàng)作。選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第四句“Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.”盡管從表面上看,可以被認(rèn)出來,但有可能是我們不那么親密的伙伴。由此可以推斷,偵探小說主人公的特點,一般來說,給人的印象不是很深刻,但也不是沒可能,選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容“Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,...,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.”大多數(shù)偵探小說作者都認(rèn)真地提供了一個合理真實的背景。選項A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)文中的最后一句“Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.”我們對生活的一切希望都是間接實現(xiàn)的。也就是體現(xiàn)在偵探小說中,選項D符合原文。

7.單選題

SomeoneshouldhavetoldRichardNixonthathiseyelidswerebetrayinghim.OnAugust22,1973,duringhisfirstnationallytelevisedpressconferencesincetheSenate’sWatergateinvestigationbegansixmonthsearlier,thepresidentmaintainedacalm,controlledloneofvoice.Butinansweringsuchpointedquestionsas“Isthereanylimitationonthepresident,shortofimpeachment,tocompeltheproductionofevidence?”Nixon’seyesbecameablur.Inanaverageminuteheblinked30to40times.Unimpeachableadultsblinkonlyabout10to20timesaminute,andeventhatmaybeexcessive;studiesoninfantsshowthatthephysicalneedtoblinkcomesjustonceeverytwominutes.

Alltheseextrablinksrepresentmorethanjustwaterywipesfordrycorneas.Somearedustinduced;othersarereflexblinks,protectiveresponsestoatapontheforeheadorthepopofaballoon.What’sleftoveristhethousandsofblinksadaythatseemtooccurwithoutcauseandatrandom.Butinfacttheseblinksarepreciselytimed,andthey’redirectlylinkedtowhat’sonourmind.

Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnSternofWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.SternhasbeeninterestedinblinkseversincehewatchedNixonparrypressquestions,andhespecializedinthestudyonthesetinytwitches,usingthemassensitiveprobesofhowthebrainworks.

“IuseblinksasapsychologicalmeasuretomakeinferencesaboutthinkingbecauseIhaveverylittlefaithinwhatyoutellmeaboutwhatyou’rethinking,"hesays.“IfIaskyouthequestion,‘Whatdoesthephrasearollingstonegathersnomossmean?’youcan’ttellmewhenyou’vestartedlookingfortheanswer.ButIcan,bywatchingyoureyes.”

BlinksalsotellSternwhenyouhaveunderstoodhisquestion―oftenlongbeforehe’sfinishedaskingit—andwhenyou’vefoundananswerorpartofone.“Weblinkattunesthatarepsychologicallyimportant,"hesays.“Youhavelistenedtoaquestion,youunderstandit,nowyoucantaketimeoutforablink-Blinksarepunctuationmarks.Theirtimingistiedtowhatisgoingoninyourhead.”

Understandably,newacquaintancestendtosquirmwhenSterntellsthemwhathedoesforaliving.“TheythinkI'vebeenwatchingthemblink,”hesays,“whichisnotthecase.They'llsay,‘YoumeanyoucantellhowI’mthinkingbymyblinks?”ThenItellthemIcan’tlistentothemandwatchthemblinkatthesametime."

Butfewthingsdomoretostirtheurgetoblink—andthuscontaminateblinkresearch-thanthethoughtthatsomeoneiswatchingyoureyes.“IfItellsomeoneI’mwatchingthemblink,”saysStern,“thatimmediatelymakesthemuncomfortable.Eventuallythey'llstopthinkingabouttheirblinks,butuntiltheydo,theyblinkatanabnormalrate,”

Thisparadoxicaleffectforcedpioneersinthefieldtocarryouttheirexperimentssurreptitiously.Inthe1920sthefirstblinkresearchers,twoScottishscientistsfromtheUniversityofEdinburgh,conductedtheirearlystudiesinthebacksofcourtrooms,secretlywatchingtheeyesofwitnessesandtryingtodeterminehowtheirblinksreflectedtheirtestimony.Theresearchwaslimitedtocountingblinksandcomparingtheratesfordifferentsituations.Crudeasthesestudieswere,theyshowedindisputablythatanxiety-riddensituations,suchasacross-examination,doindeedtendtofostermoreblinks.

Today’sresearchershaveupgradedtheirtechniquesconsiderably,andtheirinterestshaveshiftedfromblinkratestoblinkreplacementandduration.InStern'slab,subjectsarewiredwithtinyelectrodesaboveandbelowtheireyestomeasurethedifferenceintheelectricpotentialoftheeyewhenitisopenandclosed.Thevolunteersatetoldthattheapparatus13onlyformeasuringhowtheeyeballmoves;infactittimestothemillisecondhowlongeachcomponentofablinklastsandwhentheblinkoccursinresponsetoagivenstimulus.

Sternhasfoundthatsubjectssuppressblinkswhentheyareabsorbingoranticipatinginformationbutnotwhenthey’rerecitingit.Peopleblinklater,forexample,iftheyhavetomemorizesixnumbersinsteadoftwo.“Youdon'tblink”hesays,“untilyouhavecommittedtheinformationtosomeshort-termmemorystore.”Andifsubjectsarecuedthatthesetofnumbersiscomingin,say,fiveseconds,they'llcurbtheirblinksuntilthetaskisover.

Similarly,themoreimportanttheinformationthatpeoplearetakingin,themorelikelytheyaretoputtheirblinksonholdforit.Pilotsblinklesswhenthey’reresponsibleforflyingaplanethanwhenthey’reintheco-pilot’sseat.Driversroutinelyblinkwhentheyshifttheireyesfromtheroadtotherearviewmirror.Butiftheyseetheflashinglightsofastatetrooperbehindthem,theireyeswilldartunmoistenedtothespeedometerandbacktothemirror.

Thistendencytoputblinksonthebackburnerwheneveralertnessiskeyhasluredoneofthenation’sleadingstudentsofalertness,theAirForce,intotheblinkbusiness.Itisworkingtoobservenotonlythefrequencybutalsothelengthofblinks(whichincreaseswithfatigue)'togaugewhetherfliersarepayingattention.“Blinksarerelativelyeasytomonitor,”saysJamesMiller,aresearchpsychologistatEdwardsAirForceBaseinCalifornia.“Forverylittletrouble,theygiveusagreatdealofinformationaboutwhat’sgoingoninthebrain.”

Milleranticipatesthatinfiveorsixyearsablink-watchingapparatuscouldbeincorporatedintothegearthatpilotsalreadywear.Theywouldn’tnecessarilyhavetodonelectrodes;rather,aninvisibleinfraredlightshiningontheireyeballcouldreflectbacktoadetectorandsignalwhethertheeyewasopenorclosed.“Ifthemonitorshowedsomethingunusual,”saysMiller,“wecouldthennotifythepilotandperhapspullhimoffthejob.”

Sternwishessuchalertnessmonitorswouldberequiredfordriversaswell.“WhatIwouldliketosee,”hesays，“iseverycarwithabigredlightontopthatflasheswhenthedriverhasstoppedpayingattention.ThenifIseethatlightflashing,1cangetoutoftheway.”

Suchdreams,however,takeabackseattoStern’slatestinterest:tacklingthebroaderquestionofhowpeopleusetheireyestogatherinformation.He’swidenedhisfocustoincludetheinteractionsofblinkswithtwootherelementsofvisualactivity;movementsoftheeyesandhead.Duringablink,eyestendtomovetowhateverwillbetheirnextposition,andSternfindsthatthishappens,inparticular,wheneverthetaskbeingperformedisacomplexone.Itseemsthatundercertainconditionsthebrainlinksblinkswitheyemovementstoreducethetimetheeyespendsoutofservice.

Headmovementsalsovarywiththerigorofatask.Sterncanusuallyidentifywhenareadingchildshiftsfromonelinetothenextbecausehe’llmovehishead—notjusthiseyes-toscantheline.“Adultswilldothesamethingwhenthey’rereadingdifficultmaterial,”Sternsays，“butnotwhenthereadingiseasy.”

Stern’scontinuingcuriosityaboutblinkshasbeensharedbyfewothersovertheyears.Butgraduallytheranksofblinkbuffsaregrowing.“Therearepocketsofinterestdevelopingabroad,”hesays.“AgroupinJapansentsomeonetoworkinourlablastyearandagroupinGermanyhopestosendsomeonesoon.Peoplearefinallydiscoveringhowmuchtheeyescantellusaboutthebrain.”

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposewasto（）.

2.Whenapersonislisteningintently,theeyestendto（）.

3.Onthebasisoftheinformationinthepassage,whodoyouthinkwouldbenefitLEASTbyeyeblinkresearch?

4.SternfoundthatblinkswerecloselyassociatedwithallBUTwhichofthefollowing?

5.WhichofthefollowingcouldNOTbeinferredtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.warnthereadertowatchoutwhentalkingtoresearchteams

B.explainhowinvestigatorsjudgedwhetherRichardNixonwastellingthetruth

C.showtherelationshipbetweenthefrequencyanddurationofeyeblinkstothefunctionsofthebrain

D.explainaboutblinkresearchwithairplanepilotsandautomobiledrivers.

問題2選項

A.blinkmorerapidly

B.blinkmoreslowly

C.notblinkatall’

D.blinkandbecomewatery

問題3選項

A.Drivers.

B.Pilots

C.Lawyers.

D.Actors.

問題4選項

A.Headmovements

B.Liesandfeelingsofguilt

C.Excitement,fatigue,andanxiety

D.Mealtimeandrelaxation

問題5選項

A.Morepeoplearebeginningtoseethevalueofstudyingeyeblinks.

B.Thestudyofeyeblinksshouldbeofinteresttoeveryone.

C.Blinkresearchcouldmakeairplanetravelsaferinthefuture.

D.Apparatusforstudyingeyeblinkswillbemoresophisticatedinthenearfuture.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由Butinfacttheseblinksarepreciselytimed,andthey’redirectlylinkedtowhat’sonourmind.但事實上，這些眨眼是精確計時的，它們直接與我們的思想聯(lián)系在一起。以及SternhasbeeninterestedinblinkseversincehewatchedNixonparrypressquestions,andhespecializedinthestudyonthesetinytwitches,usingthemassensitiveprobesofhowthebrainworks.自從他看到尼克松?帕里的新聞提問后，斯特恩就對眨眼很感興趣，他專門研究這些微小的抽搐，用它們作為大腦如何工作的敏感探針?？芍疚闹饕芯空Ｑ叟c思維與大腦活動的關(guān)系。故C項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由Sternhasfoundthatsubjectssuppressblinkswhentheyareabsorbingoranticipatinginformationbutnotwhenthey’rerecitingit.斯特恩發(fā)現(xiàn)，受試者在吸收或預(yù)測信息時會抑制眨眼，而在背誦信息時則不會。以及Similarly,themoreimportanttheinformationthatpeoplearetakingin,themorelikelytheyaretoputtheirblinksonholdforit.同樣地，人們接收到的信息越重要，他們就越有可能為了得到這些信息而控制眨眼?？芍?dāng)人們在專心聽講時，眨眼會收到抑制和延遲，故B項正確。

3.推理判斷題。文中分別提到了Stern對于司機(jī)，飛行員以及律師眨眼的研究，并沒有提到演員與眨眼的關(guān)系，所以演員應(yīng)該是從眨眼研究中受益最小的。故D項正確。

4.推理判斷題。文章提到了眨眼與頭部運(yùn)動，說謊，以及興奮，疲憊及焦慮的關(guān)系，并沒有提到吃飯時和放松狀態(tài)下與眨眼的關(guān)系，故D項正確。

5.推理判斷題。A項“越來越多的人開始看到研究眨眼的價值。”與文中“Therearepocketsofinterestdevelopingabroad,國外也有許多人對此研究感興趣”相符。B項“對眨眼的研究應(yīng)該是每個人都感興趣的?！睂儆谶^度推斷，有點絕對。故不正確。由“Ifthemonitorshowedsomethingunusual,”saysMiller,“wecouldthennotifythepilotandperhapspullhimoffthejob.米勒說:“如果顯示器顯示有異常情況，我們就可以通知飛行員，也許還可以讓他停止工作。”可推知在未來，眨眼研究會使飛行更安全，故C項“眨眼的研究可以使未來的飛機(jī)旅行更安全。”正確。D項“在不久的將來，研究眨眼的儀器將會更加高級的?！蔽闹刑岬接糜谖磥碛糜陲w行員的眼睛的探測儀器是精細(xì)的，隨著技術(shù)和研究的不斷發(fā)展，儀器只會更加精細(xì)和高級。故D項的推測正確。答案B.

8.單選題

Themorningnewssaysaschoolbus（

）withatrainatthejunctionandagroupofpolicemenweresentthereimmediately.

問題1選項

A.crashed

B.collided

C.bumped

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。crash“墜毀、撞壞”；collide“碰撞、抵觸、沖突”，常與with搭配；bump“碰撞、撞擊”，常與into連用；strike“打擊、罷工、猛擊”。句意：據(jù)新聞報道，一輛校車在交叉路口與一列火車相撞，警察立即抵達(dá)事故現(xiàn)場。B項能與with搭配，故答案B

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese.

Historically,economistshavesaidthatwell-beingisasimplefunctionofincome.However,ithasbeanfoundthatoncewealthreachesasubsistencelevel,itseffectivenessasageneratorofwell-beingisgreatlydiminished.ThisparadoxhasbeenreferredtoastheEasterinparadox.Thismeansthataspirationsincreasewithincome;afterbasicneedsaremet;relativeratherthanabsoluteincomelevelsinfluencewell-being.Happinesseconomistshopetochangethewaygovernmentsviewwell-beingandhowtomosteffectivelygovernandallocateresourcesgiventhisparadox.However,otherresearchsuggeststhatnoparadoxexists,andhappinessislinearlyrelatedtothelogarithmofabsolute(real,PPP-adjusted)income,withlittleornorelativeincomecomponent.

Moneycorrelateswithhappiness,buttheratediminisheswithmoremoney.In2010,twoeconomistsfoundthathigherearnersgenerallyreportedbetterlifesatisfaction,butpeople’sday-to-dayemotionalwell-beingonlyrosewithearningsuntilathresholdannualincomeof$75,000.Otherfactorshavebeensuggestedasmakingpeoplehappierthanmoney.Onestudy,whencorrectedforsocialstatus,showednocorrelationbetweenincomeandhappiness.

【答案】從歷史上看，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家曾說過經(jīng)濟(jì)收入能影響幸福指數(shù)。然而有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)財富達(dá)到基本的生活水平，它對幸福指數(shù)的影響力就會極大地減少。這個悖論被稱為伊斯特林悖論。這意味著愿望隨著收入而增加；在基本需求得到滿足之后；收入水平對幸福的影響是相對的，而不是絕對的了。鑒于這一悖論，幸福經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家希望改變政府看待幸福的方式，以及如何最有效地管理和分配資源。然而，其他研究表明這種悖論不存在，幸福指數(shù)與絕對（實際的，根據(jù)購買力平價調(diào)整后的）收入的對數(shù)成線性相關(guān)，與收入的構(gòu)成沒有什么關(guān)系。

金錢與幸福相關(guān)，但隨著金錢的增加，這一比率會下降。2010年，兩位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，高收入者總體上表現(xiàn)出更好的生活滿意度，但是只有當(dāng)年收入達(dá)到75000美元后，人們?nèi)粘５那楦行腋２艜S著收入的增加而增加。其他因素比金錢更能使人快樂。一項針對社會地位的研究表明，收入和幸福之間沒有相關(guān)性。

10.不定項選擇題

Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser’slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)______way.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris______inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Activeincommunication.

B.Attractiveinpersonality.

C.Enjoyableinperformance.

D.Unpredictableinbehavior.

問題2選項

A.quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous

問題3選項

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson’slife.

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

問題4選項

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

問題5選項

A.Artificialrelationships.

B.Howtoformintimaterelationships.

C.Theaffectionatemachine.

D.Humansandcomputers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?1.下列哪項不是理想伴侶機(jī)器的特點？

A.Activeincommunication.A.積極參與交流。

B.Attractiveinpersonality.B.有吸引力的個性。

C.Enjoyableinperformance.C.令人愉快的行為。

D.Unpredictableinbehavior.D.不可預(yù)測的行為。

【考查點】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】定位到第一段對理想伴侶機(jī)器的描述“理想的伴侶機(jī)器不僅看起來、感覺上和聽起來都很友好，而且通過編程使其行為舉止令人愉快（behaveinapleasantmanner）。這些特性使互動變得舒適（makeinteractioncomfor