考研考博-英語-宜賓職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-宜賓職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thepurposeoftheofficialinquiryisto（）thetruefactsleadingtothelossoftheshipatsea.

問題1選項

A.comeat

B.comefor

C.comeinto

D.comeover

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。comeat達到，得到；comefor向……沖來；comeinto進入；comeover過來。句意：官方調查的目的是查明導致船舶在海上失蹤的真實情況。選項A符合句意。

2.單選題

Thestorywas（）;itwascompletelyuntrue.

問題1選項

A.facilitated

B.fascinated

C.fabricated

D.formulated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項facilitated“促進；幫助”；B選項fascinated“使著迷；使陶醉”；C選項fabricated“編造；虛構”；D選項formulated“規(guī)劃”。句意：這個故事是……的，完全不真實。根據后面的評價completelyuntrue“一點也不真實”，可以知道這個故事是編造而成的。因此C選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Ifyousaythatsomethingis（）,youareemphasizingthatitcannotbejustifiedor,toleratedbecauseitisextremelybad.

問題1選項

A.inevitable

B.ineffective

C.inexcusable

D.inexplicable

【答案】C

【解析】inevitable必然的,不可避免的；ineffective無效的,不起作用的；inexcusable不可原諒的；inexplicable費解的。句意：如果你說某件事是不可原諒的,你是在強調它是不合理的或不能容忍的,因為它是極其糟糕的。選項C更符合語境。

4.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Anaestheticsense,aninstinctforbeauty,isoneoftheuniversalattributesofhumanbeings.

（1）Whileatitslowestlevelaestheticappreciationismerelyofanthropologicalorsociologicalinterest,atitshighestlevel,perhaps,itduplicatesartisticcreationandexistsonthesameplane.Butcertainlythat“plane”ismulti-dimensional.

Manypossiblereasonswhyhumanbeingsareresponsivetobeautyandneedartintheirlivescanandhavebeenadduced.（2）

Myowntheoryisthatartconcentratesandchannelsemotionsandexperiencesthatwouldotherwisebeinchoateandunformedinthepsyche;thatistosay,itbringsintosharpfocusandgivesformtoshadowypromptings,conflictingemotions,andhalf-glimpsedimpressionsofuniversalsituationssuchaslove,loss,questionsoflife'soriginsandend,andsoforth,anditallowsustoseeandfeeltheseimpressionsclearlyandintently.

Judgingfromtheevidenceofthemedia,however,theemotionalnatureofaestheticpleasureisawell-keptsecret.（3）

Almosteverytimerunacrossamentionofaestheticsinthelargecirculationculturalorgansandopinionmagazines,thediscussioncentersaroundthedeepappreciationofartasart.It'sasiftheonlyaestheticpleasurethereisinpoetryorfictionormusicisintherecognitionoftechnicaldevicesandform.

Everythingthatmakesartapowerfulinstrumentinhumanlifeisdependentuponitsbeingamediumforlife,notathinginitself…（4）Whentheso-calledaesthetictemperamentwishestoexpelfromtheholycitadelallthatisextraneoustoart,itendsupactuallyreducingarttothedryabstractionofmathematics.No,itcannotbeemphasizedenough:poetryisnotwords,musicisnotnotes,paintingisnotbrushstrokes.Poetryisfeeling:allartisfeeling.Thequalitythatmakesapieceofartagreatworkissimplyandonlythedepthofitshumanity.Whiletechnicaldevices,formandgenrearethefleshandbonesofanart,emotionsareitssoul.

Ultimatelyallaestheticmoments,liketheartthatdrawsthemforth,areindividualistic…theaestheticmoment,then,requirestwoequalpartners.（5）

Theartistmustpresentanintrinsicallymovingsubjectuniversalinscope,andtheappreciatormustbringtotheworkthewillingsuspensionofdisbeliefandtheintelligenceandhumanitytoenterintotheartist'sworld.Sinceempathy,theabilitytoputoneselfintheshoesofanother,isthefoundationofthemoralsense,theaestheticmomentisalsoanethicalmoment.

【答案】1.雖然最低層次的審美鑒賞僅僅是出于人類學或社會學的興趣，但是最高層次的審美鑒賞卻可能復制藝術的創(chuàng)造且與它存在于同一水平上。

2.我的理論是藝術集中并引導情感和體驗，否則這些情感和體驗在心理上是不成熟和不成形的。

3.幾乎每次我在大量發(fā)行的文學機構和輿論雜志中偶然遇到提及的美學時，該討論都以作為藝術的深層次藝術鑒賞為中心。

4.當所謂的審美情趣希望去將一切與藝術無關的東西從神圣的審美大本營中驅逐出時，這實際上把藝術簡化為數學的枯燥抽象。

5.藝術必須呈現一個在范圍上廣泛適用的本質上動人的主題，而藝術鑒賞者必須在作品中表現出自愿的不相信，以及進入藝術家世界的智慧和人性。

5.單選題

CaliforniansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageand（）bythesamefederallaws.

問題1選項

A.conform

B.abide

C.sustain

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配題。abideby指"遵守...";conform"遵守,符合",一般與to和with搭配;sustain"承受;維持";comply"遵從，服從"，一般與with搭配。句意：加利福尼亞人和新英格蘭人說同一種語言,并且遵守同樣的聯(lián)邦法律。選項B正確。

6.單選題

Everythingintheuniverseundergoes（

）developmentandchange.

問題1選項

A.constant

B.continual

C.continuous

D.endless

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項constant“不變的，經常的”；B選項continual“持續(xù)不斷的”；C選項continuous“連續(xù)的，持續(xù)的”；D選項endless“無限的”。句意：世界上的所有事情都經歷著（）發(fā)展和變化。D選項作“無休止的”的解釋是一般形容不好的事物，所以不能選；

Constant：多指習慣性的重復和不變的持續(xù)，這里修飾的詞語是change，所以不符合語境；

Continual：強調重復或持續(xù)發(fā)生，但連續(xù)之間允許有間斷；

Continuous：語意最強，強調在時間和空間上沒有間斷；

這里發(fā)展和變化之間會存在著間斷，所以C選項最符合題意。

7.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Experience.

B.Flexibility.

C.Familybackground.

D.Businessconnections.

問題2選項

A.Buyingdirectlyfromfactories.

B.Shippinggoodsinbulkbysea.

C.Havingpartnersinmanypartsoftheworld.

D.Usingthesamecontainerbackandforth.

問題3選項

A.Warehouses.

B.Factories.

C.Investors.

D.Retailers.

問題4選項

A.Trendystyle.

B.Uniquedesign.

C.Lowerimportduties.

D.Lowershippingcosts.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:I’veworkedininternationaltradeallmylife.Myfatherdidsotoobeforeme.SoIguessyoucouldsayitrunsinthefamily.

M:Whatproductshaveyouworkedwith?

W:Allsorts,really.I’veimportedtextiles,machinery,toys,solarpanels,allkindsofthingsovertheyears.Trendsanddemandcomeandgo.[5]So,oneneedstobeveryflexibletosucceedinthisindustry.

M:Isee.Whatgoodsareyoutradingnow?

W:InowimportfurniturefromChinaintoItalyandfoodsfromItalyintoChina.[6]Ievenusethesamecontainer.It’saveryefficientwayofconductingtrade.

M:Thesamecontainer?Youmeanyouowna40-footcargocontainer?

W:Yeah,that’sright.[7]IhaveawarehouseinGenova,ItalyandanotherinShanghai.Isourcemid-centurymodernfurniturefromdifferentfactoriesinChina.It’sverygoodvalueformoney.IcollectitallinmywarehouseandthendispatchittomyotherwarehouseinItaly.OverthereIdothesame,butwithItalianfoodsinsteadoffurniture,thingslikepasta,cheese,wine,chocolates.AndIsendallthattomywarehouseinChinainthesamefreightcontainerIuseforthefurniture.

M:So,Ipresumeyousellbothlinesofproductswholesaleineachrespectivecountry.

W:Ofcourse.Ipossessanetworkofclientsandpartnersinbothcountries.That’sthemainbenefitofhavingdonethisforsolong.I’vemadegreatbusinesscontactsovertime.

M:Howmanytimesdoyouship?

W:Idid12shipmentslastyear,18thisyear,andIhopetogrowtoaround25nextyear.That’sbothways,thereandbackagain.DemandforauthenticItalianfoodinChinaisgrowingrapidly.Andsimilarly,salesofaffordableyetstylishwoodenfurniturearealsoincreasinginItaly.[8]Furnitureismarginallymoreprofitable,mostlybecauseitenjoyslowercustomsduties.

5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkisrequiredtobesuccessfulininternationaltrade?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問女士認為在國際貿易中取得成功需要什么條件？在錄音的開頭女士就提到國際貿易這個行業(yè)的趨勢和需求一直在變化，所以要想在這個行業(yè)里獲得成功，需要隨機應變（flexible）。B選項flexibility是形容詞詞性flexible的名詞形式，表達的意思是一致的，因此正確。A選項“經驗”；C選項“家庭背景”和D選項“業(yè)務關系”，雖然錄音中似乎有相關信息能夠推斷出以上選項，但女士并沒有說以上是在行業(yè)中獲得成功的必要條件，因此可排除。

6.Whatdoesthewomansayisspecialaboutherwayofdoingtrade?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問女士說她做生意的方式有什么特別之處？錄音中女士說她在做中意貿易時，貨運的往來使用同一個集裝箱（usethesamecontainer），并說這是一種非常有效的貿易方式。D選項“來回使用同一個集裝箱”是對錄音原文的同義復述，因此正確。A選項“直接從工廠進貨”，這只是貿易的進貨方式，并不是其特別之處，因此可排除；B選項“通過海運大批量運貨”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項“在世界很多地方都有合作伙伴”，文中只提到中國和意大利，并沒有涉及其他地區(qū)，因此C選項不準確，也可排除。

7.WhatdoesthewomanhaveinbothItalyandChina?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問女士在意大利和中國都有什么。女士提到她在意大利熱那亞有一個倉庫（warehouse），在中國上海也有一個，因此A選項“倉庫”正確。B選項“工廠”；C選項“投資者”和D選項“零售商”均不正確。

8.Whatdoesthewomansaymakesfurnituremarginallymoreprofitable?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問女士認為是什么使得家具行業(yè)的利潤略高。在對話最后，女士提到家具行業(yè)的利潤略高一些，主要是因為它享有較低的關稅（lowercustomsduties）。因此C選項“較低的進口稅”是對錄音原文的同義轉述，因此正確。A選項“潮流風格”，錄音中雖提及木制家具在意大利很受歡迎，但并不是利潤高的原因，因此不正確；B選項“獨特的設計”和D選項“較低的運費”在錄音中均未提及。

8.單選題

We’reinanerawhencomputerhackersarestealingcredit-cardnumbersandothertechnologicallyadeptcriminalsare（）nationalborders.

問題1選項

A.transplanting

B.transgressing

C.transforming

D.transmitting

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。transplanting“移植”；transgressing“違反，違法，越界”；transforming“轉化，轉變”；transmitting“傳遞，傳送”。句意：我們處在電腦黑客盜取信用卡密碼，其他技術犯罪不斷侵犯國界的一個時代。選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Neitherisitalmostseen,thatverybeautifulpersonsareotherwiseofgreatvirtue,asifnaturewereratherbusynotto（

）thaninlabortoproduceexcellency.

問題1選項

A.err

B.omit

C.escalate

D.slip

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項err“犯錯；走上歧途”；B選項omit“省略；遺漏；疏忽”；C選項escalate“逐步增強；變得嚴重”；D選項slip“滑動；滑倒”。句意：人不盡知：絕色無大德也；一如自然勞碌終日，但求無過，而無力制成上品。因此A選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Itwasrecommendedthatthey____forthedoctor.

問題1選項

A.wait

B.wouldwait

C.waited

D.shouldhavewaited

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.wait等待B.wouldwait等待

C.waited等待D.shouldhavewaited等待

【答案】A

【考查點】虛擬語氣

【解題思路】本題考查的是虛擬語氣的使用情況之一：表示建議、命令、主張、目的和愿望等的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句通常使用虛擬語氣，其形式為should+動詞原形，其中should可以省略。本題為表示建議的主語從句，空格處所填的內容為從句的謂語，因此需要使用“（should）+動詞原形”，A選項wait“等待”符合要求。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合該虛擬語氣的結構要求。

【句意】有人建議他們等醫(yī)生。

11.單選題

Thedifferencebetweenavianfluandhumanfluthatshouldbecommandingourraptattentiontodayisthatavianinfluenza,specificallytheH5N1strainknownasbirdflu,threatenstobecometheyoungpeople’splague.Anditisagrowingcontendertocauseadevastatingworldwidepandemicinthenextfewyears.

Wearetoousedtothinkingoffluasanannualannoyancethatkillsonlythefrailandelderly.Butthatjustisn’tthecaseforH5N1.Withamortalityrateofover50percent,thisbirdfluhaskilledover110people,strikingtheyoungandable-bodiedthehardest.Itsvictimsclusterpredominantlyamong5-to-30-year-old,apatternthathasheldupinthe34knowntohavediedfrombirdflusofarthisyear.

Thisvulnerabilitymaystemfromtherobustandfast-respondingimmunesystemsoftheyoung.Thevictimsoverreacttothealienvirus,triggeringamassiveimmuneresponsecalledacytokinestorm,turninghealthylungsintoasoddenmassofdyingtissuescongestedwithblood,toxicfluid,andrampaginginflammatorycells.Asairspaceschokeoff,thebodylosesoxygenandotherorgansfail.

ScientistshaverecentlyshownthatH5N1hasominousparallelswiththedevastating1918flupandemic,whichalsojumpeddirectlytohumansfrombirdsanddisproportionatelyattackedtheyoungandthestrong.Withapatternhighlysuggestiveofacytokinestorm,deathsometimescamewithinjusthours,turningmanyWorldWarItroopshipsintodeathships.

Nowimaginehundredsofthousandsofyoungpeoplelaboringonrespirators,orlyingaloneincorridorsandmakeshifthospitalrooms,toosicktobehelpedwhenthesupplyofbeds,equipment,andtrainedstaffrunout.Seemlikehype?Nottothemedicalexpertswhodiscussedthesescenariosduringlastweek’st/.5*.NewsHealthSummitonemergencypreparedness.

ThispictureputsafaceontheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,projectionsthat,if

H5N1mutatesintoareadilyhuman-transmissiblefrom209,000to1.9millionAmericanscoulddie.PartofourreadinessthinkingshouldbetoheedthebluntwordsofHHSSecretaryMichaelLeavittatthesummit:Anyfamilyorcommunitythatfailstopreparefortheworst,withtheexpectationthatthefederalorstategovernmentwillcometotherescue,willbe“tragicallywrong.”Inapandemic,thegovernment’smedicalresourceswillbestretchedthin,anditwon’tbeabletoguaranteefirst-linehelptoanyhometown,localhospital,orcollegecampus.EventhenationalstockpileofTamiflu,theantiviralthatisthebestwehavetopreventorlessentheimpactoftheillness,hasitslimits.IfacollegestudentishospitalizedwithapossibleH5N1infection,thefedswillprovidedrugs.Buttheywillnotmakeitavailabletofendoffthevirusinthemanyotherswhomayhavecomeinclosecontactwiththeinfectedstudent.IntheexistingfederalguidanceonH5N1,theyoungandhealthyfallintothelowest-prioritygroupforantiviraldrugsandvaccines.Studenthealthcentersorotherprovidershadbetterscroungeuptheirownstockpiles.Containingpossibleoutbreaksoncollegecampusesmaybeallbutimpossible.Socialdistancing—avoidingclosecontactwithotherpeoplewithairkissesinsteadofsmooches,orevenbydonningmasksandgloves—willbetoughtoenforce.

Thethreatposesauniquelydifficultchallenge.Inthebestofallscenarios,theviruswillloseitsfuryandleaveinitswakeanewcultureofindividualandcommunitypreparedness.Butweneedtogetreadynow,andnotforthebestscenariobutfortheworst.

1.Thedifferencebetweenavianfluandhumanfluisthat（

）.

2.Thereasonthatbirdflustrikestheyoungandable-bodiedthehardestmaybe（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichisthebestsourcethatcollegestudentscanrelyuponifthereareoutbreaksofbirdfluoncollegecampuses?

4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theavianflushouldbecommandingourraptattention

B.theavianflumainlythreatenstheyoungpeople

C.theavianfluistocauseadevastatingworldwidepandemicinthenextfewyears

D.theavianfluisanannualannoyancethatkillsonlythefrailandelderly

問題2選項

A.thebodylosesoxygenandotherorgansfail

B.asoddenmassofdyingtissues

C.theenthusiasticimmunesystemsoftheyoung

D.theoverreactionofblood,toxicfluid,andrampaginginflammatorycells

問題3選項

A.ThenationalstockpileofTamiflu.

B.Thegovernment’smedicalresources.

C.Drugsprovidedbythefeds.

D.Thestockpileofthestudents’healthcenters.

問題4選項

A.itisimpossiblethatbirdfluoutbreaksoncollegecampuses

B.thereasonthatbirdflumayimpossiblyoutbreakoncollegecampusesisthatsocialdistancingwillbetoughtoenforcethere

C.bothindividualsandcommunitiesshouldbepreparedforthethreat

D.weneedtogetreadynowfortheworstscenariopreparedforthefuryofbirdflu

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。根據題干關鍵詞differencebetweenavianfluandhumanflu定位至第一段:differencebetween...threatenstobecometheyoungpeople’splague.故B項正確。

2.細節(jié)題。根據題干關鍵詞strikestheyoung定位至第三段:Thisvulnerabilitymaystemfromtherobustandfast-respondingimmunesystemsoftheyoung,即原因是免疫系統(tǒng)太好了，過度防御造成的。

3.細節(jié)題。根據題干關鍵詞outbreaksofbirdfluoncollege定位至第六段第五句,C項是thefedswillprovidedrugs的復現。

4.推斷題。文章最后一段最后一句與選項D重現。

12.單選題

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints―periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”Prominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistory,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminismthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthetext?

2.Theauthormentionswhichofthefollowingasacharacteristicofthepracticeofpsychohistorians?

3.Theauthorofthetextsuggeststhatpsychohistoriansviewhistoryprimarilyas（

）.

4.Theauthorofthetextputstheword“deepest”(LastLine,Paragraph3)inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto（

）.

5.Inpresentingheranalysis,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項

A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughitlackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod.

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians.

C.Areasofsociologicalstudysuchaschildhoodandworkareoflittleinteresttotraditionalhistorians.

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual’sbehaviorandattitudesismoreinformativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife.

問題2選項

A.Thelivesofhistoricalfiguresarepresentedinepisodicratherthannarrativeform.

B.Archivesusedbypsychohistorianstogathermaterialarenotaccessibletootherscholars.

C.Pastandcurrenteventsareallplacedwithinthesamedeterministicdiagram.

D.Eventsintheadultlifeofahistoricalfigureareseentobemoreconsequentialthanarethoseinthechildhoodofthefigure.

問題3選項

A.areportofevents,causes,andeffectsthatisgenerallyacceptedbyhistoriansbutwhichis,forthemostpart,unverifiable

B.anepisodicaccountthatlackscohesionbecauserecordsoftheroleofchildhood,work,andleisureinthelivesofhistoricalfiguresarerare

C.anunchartedseaofseeminglyunexplainableeventsthathavemeaningonlywhenexaminedasdiscreteunits

D.arecordofthewayinwhichaclosedsetofimmutablepsychologicallawsseemstohaveshapedevents

問題4選項

A.signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistorians’claimsfortheirwork

B.drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistorians’method

C.emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians'methodandthatofpsychohistorians

D.disassociateheropinionofthepsychohistorians’claimsfromheropinionoftheirmethod

問題5選項

A.makegeneralstatementswithoutreferencetospecificexamples

B.describesomeofthecriteriaemployedbytraditionalhistorians

C.questiontheadequacyofthepsychohistorians’interpretationofevents

D.pointoutinconsistenciesinthepsychohistorians’applicationoftheirmethods

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。整篇文章主要講了心理歷史學家研究歷史的方法特點和與傳統(tǒng)歷史研究的對比。因此選項A“心理歷史學家的歷史研究方法雖然缺乏傳統(tǒng)歷史方法的嚴謹性和可驗證性，但目前仍是一種流行的研究方法?！狈项}意。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章最后一段“Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.它不尊重過去的特殊性，而是將過去和現在的所有事件同化成一個單一的決定性圖式，這個圖式被假定在任何時候和任何情況下都是真實的?！庇纱丝芍狢選項“過去和現在的事件都放置在同樣的確定模式里”正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.它不尊重過去的特殊性，而是將過去和現在的所有事件同化成一個單一的決定性圖式，這個圖式被假定在任何時候和任何情況下都是真實的?！庇纱丝芍狣選項“一種封閉的、不可改變的心理法則似乎塑造了事件的記錄”正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe‘deepest’explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.心理歷史學家相信他們自己的理論是絕對正確的，也相信他們的理論是對任何事件的‘最深刻的’解釋，其他的解釋都不符合事實?！庇纱丝芍髡邔π睦須v史學家關于他們工作的說法的準確性持保留態(tài)度。因此選項A正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由最后一段中“Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.它不考慮過去的特殊性，而將所有過去和現在的事件并入一個單一的確定模式，而這種模式在所有的時間和情況下被假設是正確的?！睂狝項“在不提具體例子的情況下做總體的陳述”在文中有提及；由第三段中“Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.且它違反了歷史方法的基本原則，即歷史學家應該留意將會否定他們論點的反面事例”知B項“描述了傳統(tǒng)歷史學家所使用的一些標準”在文中有提及；由第三段中“Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe‘deepest’explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.心理歷史學家確信自己理論的絕對正確，也確信他們的理論的解釋是對任何事件的最深入的解釋，從而也確信其他解釋缺乏真理”知C項“質疑心理歷史學家對事件解釋的適當性”在文中有暗示性提及；由此知在文中沒有提及的D項“指出心理歷史學家在應用他們的方式上的不一致”正確。

13.單選題

Africanstudentshavemountedstrongprotestsoverthemeasure,claimingthattheyarebeingagainst.

問題1選項

A.displaced

B.discriminated

C.resented

D.disturbed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項displacedv.取代，替換；B選項discriminatedv.歧視，辨別，區(qū)別；C選項resentedv.怨恨，厭惡；D選項disturbedv.擾亂，干擾。根據句意可知非洲學生們已經針對實施方案確立了反抗提案，聲稱他們遭受了種族歧視。因此，正確答案為B項。

14.單選題

TherighttopursuehappinessispromisedtoAmericansbytheUSConstitution,butnooneseemsquitesurewhichwayhappinessran.Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.JonathanSwiftconceivedofhappinessas“thestateofbeingwell-deceived,”orofbeing“afoolamongidiots,”forSwiftsawsocietyasalandoffalsegoals.

Itis,ofcourse,un-Americantothinkintermsoffalsegoals.Wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness.WeshallallhavemadeittoHeavenwhenwepossessenough.

AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericanbusinessarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem—andtocreatethemfasterthananyone'sbudgetcansatisfythem.Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.

Lookatanyofthemagazinesthatcatertowomen.Thereadvertisingbeginsasartandslogansinthefrontpagesandendsaspillsandtherapyinthebackpages.Theartatthefrontillustratesthedreamofperfectbeauty.Thisisthebabyskinthatmustbehers.This,theperfumedbreathshemustbreatheout.This,thesixteen-year-oldfigureshemustdisplayatforty,atfifty,atsixty,andforever.ThisistheharnessintowhichMothermuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.Thisisthecreamthatrestoresskin,thesearethetabletsthatmeltawayfataroundthethighs,andthesearethepillsofperpetualyouth.

Obviouslynoreasonablepersoncanbecompletelypersuadedeitherbysuchartorbysuchpillsanddevices.Yetsomeoneisobviouslytryingtobuythisdreamandspendingbillionseveryyearintheattempt.Clearlythehappiness-marketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhatisittheyaretryingtobuy?

Definingthemeaningof“happiness”isaperplexingproposition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworktowardsthemiddle.Tothinkofhappinessasachievingsuperiorityoverothers,livinginamansionmadeofmarble,havingawardrobewithhundredsofoutfits,willdotosetthegreedyextreme.

Fromthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassagewemayinferthat（）.

In“advertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem”(Line2,Para.3),“them”refersto（）.

Intheauthor’sview,buyingthingsisregardedas（）.

Itisimpliedbytheauthorthatthemagazinesare（）.

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

問題1選項

A.theUSConstitutiongivespeopletherighttopursuehappiness

B.Americanpeopleareatalossashowtogainhappiness

C.JonathanSwiftdidnotbelieveinhappinessitself

D.Americanpeopletendtobuytheirhappiness

問題2選項

A.people’sdesires

B.advertisements

C.varioussensesofhappiness

D.theforcesofAmericanbusiness

問題3選項

A.apatrioticduty

B.supportingthenationaleconomy

C.somethingaddictingustogreed

D.beingtakeninbyadvertising

問題4選項

A.sheerartandslogans

B.fulloflureanddeception

C.veryusefulforprofessionalwomen

D.useless,likecream,tabletsandpills

問題5選項

A.Thepursuitofhappiness

B.Therighttopursuehappiness

C.ThefalsegoalsofAmericanpeople

D.Themisguidingforceofadvertising

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據原文前兩段的內容可知，美國憲法賦予美國人民追求幸福的權利，但似乎誰也說不清幸福跑到哪里去了。JonathanSwift提出了虛假目標的說法，但這種說法不是美國式思維。然而，我們（美國人）似乎執(zhí)迷于花錢買幸福的理念。由此可知，選項D符合原文。

2.語義推斷題。根據題干關鍵信息定位到第三段句意“廣告的存在不是為了滿足欲望，而是為了創(chuàng)造欲望?！庇纱丝芍?，這里的“them”指代的是前半部分提到的“desire”。所以選項A正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據第三段最后一句“Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.這樣一來，我們的整個經濟就是建立在使我們沉迷于貪婪的基礎上的。甚至有人告訴我們，通過購買東西來支持國家經濟是我們的愛國義務。”由此可知，作者認為購物是使我們沉迷于貪婪的東西，所以選項C正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據第四段的內容可知，作者提及，現在的雜志為了迎合女性的口味，開頭的幾頁廣告都是藝術和口號，到了結尾的幾頁就都變成了藥丸和療法。由此可知，作者認為雜志充滿了誘惑和欺騙，選項B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結合原文內容可知，前兩段作者提及美國人追尋不到幸福的方向，而且傾向于花錢買幸福；接著作者講到了人們是如何花錢來購買幸福的案例；最后作者指出幸福很難定義，關鍵在于個人如何看待。由此可知，本文主要是圍繞著追尋幸福這一話題展開，所以選項A正確。

15.單選題

Lestanyone______itstrange,letmeassureyouthatitisquitetrue.

問題1選項

A.thought

B.hadthought

C.shouldthink

D.thinking

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.thought認為B.hadthought認為

C.shouldthink認為D.thinking認為

【考查點】虛擬語氣。

【解題思路】lest表示“以免”，在這表示一種假設的情況，所以要用虛擬語氣shoulddo，故空格處要填入shouldthink，該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合虛擬語氣用法。

【句意】以免有人大驚小怪，我在此證實事實屬實。

16.單選題

It’sharmfultoone'sheal