考研考博-英語-山東化工職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東化工職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Astheeconomygrew,anincreasingsenseofsamenessprevailedinAmericansociety.Thiswasthegreatageofconformity,whenmembersofallsocialgroupslearnedtoimitatethosearoundthemratherthanstrikeoutontheirown.Third-and-fourth-generationethnicAmericansbecamemuchmorealike.Withimmigrationslowedtoatrickleafter1924,andtiestoEuropeweakened,assimilationoccurred.Televisioncontributedtogrowingconformitybyprovidingyoungandoldwithcommon,sharedvisuallyattractiveexperience.Escapingtheassimilatingtendencieswasdifficult.SociologistDavidRiesmanpointedoutthatintheclassicnurseryrhyme“ThisLittlePigWenttoMarket,”eachpigwenthisownway.“Today,however,alllittlepigsgotomarket;nonestayhome;allhaveroastbeef,ifanydo;andallsay‘we-we.’”

Thewillingnesstoconformtogroupnormsaffectedcollegesanduniversities,wherecautiousstudentssoughtsecurity.Theyjoinedfraternitiesandsororitiesandengagedinpantyraidsandotherpranks,buttooklittleinterestinworldaffairs.“Iobserve,”YalepresidentA.WhitneyGriswoldtoldagraduatingclassin1950,“thatyousharetheprevailingmoodofthehour,whichinyourcaseconsistsofbargainsprivatelymadewithfate—onfate’sterms.”

Americansinthepostwaryearsdiscoveredasharedreligioussenseandreturnedtotheirchurchesinrecordnumbers.Churchmembershipdoubledbetween1945and1970.Inpart,churchattendancereflectedadesiretochallenge“godlesscommunism”attheheightoftheColdWarandtofindsomerelieffromthethreatofanuclearwar;inpart,itresultedfromthepowerofsuggestionthatledAmericanstodowhatothersdid.Religionalsoseemedtoreinforcetheimportanceoffamilylife.Asonesloganputit,“Thefamilythatpraystogetherstaystogether.”Moreover,religionbecameincreasinglyappealing.EvangelistBillyGraham,oftenintroducedas“amanwithGod’smessageforthesecrisisdays,”preachedtomillionsathisrevivals.Hecapitalizedonthemedia,usingradio,television,andfilmtospreadhismessage.Bytheendofthe1950s,fully95percentofallAmericansidentifiedwithsomereligiousdenomination.

46.Accordingtothecontext,wecanguessthat“thegreatageofconformity”roughlymeanstheerawhen______.

47.SociologistDavidRiesman’sremarksrevealed______.

48.WhatYalepresidentsaidshowsthatcollegestudents______.

49.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,largechurchattendanceseemstohavetodowithallofthefollowingexcept______.

50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.peoplefromallwalksoflifetooklittleinterestinworldaffairs

B.allsocialmemberstendedtoactthewayothersdid

C.theyoungandtheoldlearnedtonarrowtheirdifferencesandtolerateeachother

D.religionplayedanimportantroleinreinforcingtheimportanceoffamilylife

問題2選項

A.thechangeinthedietofAmericans

B.differencesinAmericans’opinionsonnurseryeducation

C.theeffectsofeconomicgrowthonAmerican’habitsandcustoms

D.theprevailingtrendtowardsassimilationinAmericansociety

問題3選項

A.gaveupstrugglingforabetterfuture

B.werestrugglinghardforabetterfuture

C.wereonlyinterestedinstudents’organizations

D.werefavoredbyfate

問題4選項

A.Americans’keenerawarenessoftheimportanceoffamilylife

B.theever-growingattractionofreligionforAmericans

C.Americans’resolvetogivefullsupporttotheColdWar

D.thegraveinternationalsituationofthetime

問題5選項

A.America:ADifferentSocietyfromthePast

B.SpreadofReligioninPostwarYears

C.Religion:AnImportantAspectofAmericanLife

D.ConformityinAmericanSociety

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】46.【選項釋義】

46.Accordingtothecontext,wecanguessthat“thegreatageofconformity”roughlymeanstheerawhen______.46.根據(jù)上下文，我們可以猜測“從眾的大時代”大致上指的是______時代。

A.peoplefromallwalksoflifetooklittleinterestinworldaffairsA.各行各業(yè)的人對世界事務(wù)不感興趣

B.allsocialmemberstendedtoactthewayothersdidB.所有社會成員都傾向于模仿他人的行為方式

C.theyoungandtheoldlearnedtonarrowtheirdifferencesandtolerateeachotherC.年輕人和老年人學(xué)會了縮小他們的差異并互相容忍

D.religionplayedanimportantroleinreinforcingtheimportanceoffamilylifeD.宗教在加強家庭生活重要性方面發(fā)揮了重要作用

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)thegreatageofconformity定位至第一段第二句“這是一個從眾的大時代（thegreatageofconformity），所有社會群體的成員都學(xué)會了模仿他們周圍的人，而不是開創(chuàng)屬于自己的想法（imitatethosearoundthemratherthanstrikeoutontheirown）”，理解可知，thegreatageofconformity（從眾的大時代）就是所有社會群體成員模仿他人行為的時代。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

C選項“年輕人和老年人學(xué)會了縮小他們的差異并互相容忍”沒提到，無中生有；

A選項“各行各業(yè)的人對世界事務(wù)不感興趣”和D選項“宗教在加強家庭生活重要性方面發(fā)揮了重要作用”與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴。

47.【選項釋義】

47.SociologistDavidRiesman’sremarksrevealed______.47.社會學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?里斯曼的評論揭示了______。

A.thechangeinthedietofAmericansA.美國人飲食的變化

B.differencesinAmericans’opinionsonnurseryeducationB.美國人對幼兒園教育的看法不同

C.theeffectsofeconomicgrowthonAmerican’habitsandcustomsC.經(jīng)濟增長對美國人生活習(xí)慣的影響

D.theprevailingtrendtowardsassimilationinAmericansocietyD.美國社會同化的流行趨勢

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句“社會學(xué)家DavidRiesman指出，在經(jīng)典的童謠《這只小豬去市場》中，每只豬都走自己的路；然而，今天所有的（all）小豬都去市場了，沒有一個待在家里；如果有的話，他們都（all）吃烤牛肉，都（all）說‘we-we’?！保渲卸啻问褂昧薬ll一詞，結(jié)合上文提到的同化傾向，社會學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?里斯曼的評論揭示了美國當(dāng)今越來越盛行的同化趨勢。故該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“美國人飲食的變化”和B選項“美國人對幼兒園教育的看法不同”表述曲解原文；

C選項“經(jīng)濟增長對美國人生活習(xí)慣的影響”中的“生活習(xí)慣”太片面，以偏概全。

48.【選項釋義】

48.WhatYalepresidentsaidshowsthatcollegestudents______.48.耶魯大學(xué)校長所說的表明大學(xué)生______。

A.gaveupstrugglingforabetterfutureA.放棄了為美好的未來奮斗

B.werestrugglinghardforabetterfutureB.是在為一個更好的未來而奮斗

C.wereonlyinterestedinstudents’organizationsC.只對學(xué)生組織感興趣

D.werefavoredbyfateD.被命運所眷顧

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位到第二段最后一句關(guān)于耶魯大學(xué)校長所說的話“我注意到，你當(dāng)時有同樣的主導(dǎo)情緒（prevailingmood），就你而言，這是在命運的條件下與命運私下達成的交易”，prevailingmood指的是上文“謹(jǐn)慎的學(xué)生為了尋求安全感而參與各種惡作劇”，其中提到了buttooklittleinterestinworldaffairs（但是對世界事務(wù)不感興趣）；綜合理解可知，耶魯大學(xué)校長說這一句話是表明大學(xué)生放棄了為美好未來生活的奮斗。故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“是在為一個更好的未來而奮斗”與原文相反，反向干擾；

C選項“只對學(xué)生組織感興趣”表述與原文不符，文中雖然提到學(xué)生會參加一些學(xué)生組織，但這是因為他們想要尋求安全感，而不是感興趣，該項曲解原文；

D選項“被命運所眷顧”沒有體現(xiàn)，無中生有。

49.【選項釋義】

49.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,largechurchattendanceseemstohavetodowithallofthefollowingexcept______.49.根據(jù)第三段，大量的出席教會似乎與下列事情有關(guān)，除了______。

A.Americans’keenerawarenessoftheimportanceoffamilylifeA.美國人更加意識到家庭生活的重要性

B.theever-growingattractionofreligionforAmericansB.宗教對美國人日益增長的吸引力

C.Americans’resolvetogivefullsupporttotheColdWarC.美國全力支持冷戰(zhàn)的決心

D.thegraveinternationalsituationofthetimeD.當(dāng)時嚴(yán)峻的國際形勢

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位至文章第三段，第三句提到“在某種程度上，去教堂做禮拜反映了一種渴望，即在冷戰(zhàn)高峰時期挑戰(zhàn)‘無神論的共產(chǎn)主義’（challenge‘godlesscommunism’），并從核戰(zhàn)爭的威脅中尋求某種解脫”，從challenge“godlesscommunism”（挑戰(zhàn)“無神論的共產(chǎn)主義”）可以看出，當(dāng)時美國參與教會部分原因是挑戰(zhàn)蘇聯(lián)的無神論共產(chǎn)主義，所以C項與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“美國人更加意識到家庭生活的重要性”定位第三段第四句“宗教似乎也加強了家庭生活的重要性（reinforcetheimportanceoffamilylife）”，可知該項與原文相符；

B選項“宗教對美國人日益增長的吸引力”定位第六句“此外，宗教變得越來越有吸引力（increasinglyappealing）”，可知該項與原文相符；

D選項“當(dāng)時嚴(yán)峻的國際形勢”從第三句中“挑戰(zhàn)‘無神論共產(chǎn)主義’”和“從核戰(zhàn)爭的威脅中尋求某種解脫”可以看出，該項也正確。

50.【選項釋義】

50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?50.下面哪個選項可以作為這篇文章的合適標(biāo)題？

A.America:ADifferentSocietyfromthePast

A.美國：一個與過去不同的社會

B.SpreadofReligioninPostwarYears

B.戰(zhàn)后宗教的傳播

C.Religion:AnImportantAspectofAmericanLife

C.宗教：美國生活的一個重要方面

D.ConformityinAmericanSociety

D.美國社會的從眾性

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，看到首尾兩段核心句，首段第一句“隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，越來越多的同一性在美國社會盛行（anincreasingsenseofsameness）”，以及末段第一句“戰(zhàn)后，美國人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種共同的宗教意識（asharedreligioussense），重返教堂的人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了紀(jì)錄”，可知文章主要講述的內(nèi)容是美國社會的同一性。然后，看到文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，文章首先介紹美國社會同一性產(chǎn)生的歷史原因，然后從學(xué)校和宗教兩個方面來闡述同一性的表現(xiàn)。綜上所述可知，文章的關(guān)鍵詞是conformity，內(nèi)容就是美國社會的從眾性。故D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A選項“美國：一個與過去不同的社會”、B選項“戰(zhàn)后宗教的傳播”和C選項“宗教：美國生活的一個重要方面”均屬于以偏概全。

2.單選題

Tocompensateforthesubstantialdeclineintheavailabilityoffossilfuelsinfutureyears,wewillhavetoprovideatleast（）alternativeenergysource.

問題1選項

A.ananticipated

B.anofficial

C.anequivalent

D.aredundant

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：為了彌補未來幾年中礦物燃料供應(yīng)量的大幅度下降，我們不得不提供一種至少是（）的替代能源。

anticipated預(yù)期的，期望的；official官方的，正式的，公務(wù)的；equivalent等價的，相等的；redundant多余的，過剩的。C選項“相等的”符合句意。

3.翻譯題

理論必須聯(lián)系實際，這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記的一條原則。

在姹紫嫣紅的花卉世界里，牡丹自古以來就素有“花中之王”的美譽，深受中國人的喜愛。

凡是優(yōu)秀的作品，讀來都如同與歷史上最杰出的人物在促膝談心。

這幾年的變化極為顯著，不容我們有所忽視，教訓(xùn)也極為沉痛，不容我們不深為銘記。

自然科學(xué)方面，我們比較落后，特別要努力向外國學(xué)習(xí)，但是也要批判地學(xué)，不可盲目地學(xué)。

【答案】Theorymustberelatedtofacts,whichisaprinciplewehavetofirmlyremember.

Inthecolorfulworldofflowers,Peonyhasbeenentitledas“thekingofflower”,whichisfavoredbyChinesepeopledeeply.

Allsplendidworksmakereadersfeellikethattheyaretalkingwithmanyoutstandingpeopleinthehistorywhilereadingthesebooks.

Therehasbeenatremendouschangeinrecentyearsthatwecan’tignore,anditslessonsarepainfulthatwecan’tforget.

Asfornaturalscience,wearebackwardandneedtolearnfromforeigncountries.Butweshouldlearncriticallyandwisely.

4.單選題

CreditingallgoodtoMr.Obama’sleadershipandallbadtoRepublicanobstructionism,asMr.Cassidydoes,maynotbeentirelyhonest,butitdoeshavetheconsiderablevirtueoffreeingMr.ObamaoftheburdenofrunningasafecklesswimpstymiedbyRepublicanbullying.

問題1選項

A.obstructed

B.quipped

C.grunge

D.wrecked

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義動詞辨析。A選項obstructed“阻塞，妨礙，遮住”；B選項quipped“嘲弄，譏諷”；C選項grunge“（僅為名詞）蹩腳貨，乏味的東西，難看的東西”；D選項wrecked“破壞，毀滅，（使）船舶失事，（使）遭遇沉船，毀船打劫，遭遇（船舶）失事，拆除”。句意：像卡西迪那樣，把所有的好事都?xì)w功于奧巴馬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，把所有的壞事都?xì)w功于共和黨的阻撓，這可能不是完全誠實的，但它確實有相當(dāng)大的好處，讓奧巴馬擺脫了競選時被共和黨的欺凌所束縛的軟弱無能的負(fù)擔(dān)。Stymy“阻撓，妨礙”，A選項與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

（）oforganicfoods--atermwhosemeaningvariesgreatly--frequentlyproclaimthatsuchproductsaresaferandmorenutritiousthanothers.

問題1選項

A.Captives

B.Addicts

C.Contestants

D.Advocates

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。captive“俘虜”；addict“吸毒成癮的人；入迷的人”；contestant“競爭者”；advocate“擁護者”。句意：有機食品這個術(shù)語的意義至今多樣，它的______宣稱這類食品比其他食品更加安全，更加有營養(yǎng)。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Anytime,anyplace.Whythehugeupsurgeofinterestinremotelearning?Theinternetrevolutionispartoftheanswer.TheWebnowprovidesaformerlymissingingredientindistanceeducation——quickandeasycommunicationbetweenstudentsandinstructors,andamongclassmates.Inaddition,demandfordistancecourseshasburgeonedthankstotheevolutionoftheinformation-basedeconomy.“Tostayemployable,workersneedtokeeponlearning.”saysKayKohl,executivedirectoroftheUniversityContinuingEducationAssociation,anorganizationofmorethan400schools.Thistrendhasgivenrisetoanolderpoolofgraduatestudents.Todaymorethanhalfareoverage30,andnearlyonequarterareover40.Distanceeducationoftenisagreatfitfortheseworkingadults,manyofwhomfinditdifficulttoskipachild’sballetlessonorfightrush-hourtraffictogettoauniversitycampusforclass.

“1hadalwayswantedamaster’sdegree,butit’shardtosuspendacareerandafamilyforit,especiallywhentheclosestschoolofpublichealthisfourhoursaway,”saysJerryParks,assistanthealthdirectorforAlbermarleRegionalHealthServicesineasternNorthCarolina.Asitturnsout,hedidn’thavetomoveorcommutetogethisdegree.AfterthreeyearsofcourseworkviateleconferencingandtheInternet,Parksisfinishingupamaster’sfromtheSchoolofPublicHealthattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.

Asmorepeopleturntodistanceeducation,adebatehasflaredoverwhetheritcanbeagoodsubstituteforface-to-faceinstruction.ThomasRussell,authorofa1999reporttitled“TheSignificantDistancePhenomenon,”whichreviewsmorethan350studiesofdistance-learningprograms,arguesthatthetwomodesofinstructionareequivalentasfarasstudentlearningisconcerned.R.Behrend,forone,believesthatdistanceeducationisthesuperiorchoice.Behrend,45,obtainedadoctoraldegreeinclinicalpsychologylastspringfromWaldenUniversity,arespectedvirtualinstitution.Shesaysthediscussionsbetweenstudentandprofessor,andamongpeers,weremorerigorousthanthosesheexperiencedinthetwooncampusmaster’sprogramsshepreviouslyattended.“Weneededtocitereferencesforeverythingwesaid(inE-mailpostings)’’，explainsBehrend,“Itwasn’tliketheusuallychattingintheclassroom.”

ButcriticssaythatmanyofthestudiescitedinRussell’sbookarepoorlydesigned,andtheyvehemently(strongly)disagreewithhispointofview.“Idon’tthinkyoucangetanyeducationovertheInternet,”saysD.Noble,ahistorianoftechnologyatYorkUniversityinToronto.“Educationrequiresarelationshipbetweenpeoplebecauseit’saprocessofidentityformation,validation,encouragement,emulation,andinspiration.Thisonlyhappensfacetoface.”

Evenadvocatesacknowledgethatdistanceeducationisn’tforeveryone—thatittakesindependence,self-discipline,andalotofmotivationtosuccess.Further,thequalityofdistance-degreeprogramsisuneven.“Amajorityofuniversitieshaveenteredthedistance-learningmarketrapidlyandarenotwellprepared.”Thus,it’simportanttoconsideranarrayoffactorsbeforechoosingaschool—accreditation,programhistory,cost,academicfield,residency,andtechnology.

1.Whendiddistanceeducationbegin?

2.Thehugeupsurgeofinterestinremotelearningiscausedbythefollowingfactorsexceptfor（

）.

3.By“suspend”(Sentence1，Para2)isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

4.WhichstatementisnottruefromwhatMs.Behrendsays?

5.Thetitleofthetextcouldbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.Unknown.

B.AftertheInternetexisted

C.AftertheInternetrevolution

D.Whentheuniversitystarted.

問題2選項

A.Internetrevolution

B.theevolutionofinformationeconomy

C.theincreasingpopulation

D.thedemandfordistancecourses

問題3選項

A.stop

B.hangup

C.suspect

D.leave

問題4選項

A.Theremoteeducationisthebestchoice.

B.Thediscussionindistanceeducationisnotasstrictasonthecampus.

C.Thediscussionofdistanceeducationisnotlikethatintheclassroom.

D.ShegotaDr.Degreefromdistanceeducation.

問題5選項

A.ContinuingEducation

B.Information-basedEconomy

C.RemoteLearning

D.AnInterestingDebate

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘遠程教育是什么吋候開始的？’整篇文章圍繞為什么人們對遠程教育越來越感興趣展開，并表達不同人的不同觀點，但是確并沒有提到遠程教育具體是什么吋候開始的，所以A選項“不知道”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘以下哪一項不是導(dǎo)致人們對于遠程教育的興趣越來越大的主要原因？’根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“Theinternetrevolutionispartoftheanswer.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命是答案之一?！贝_定A選項“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命”是原因之一；根據(jù)第一段第五句“Inaddition,demandfordistancecourseshasburgeonedthankstotheevolutionoftheinformation-basedeconomy.此外，由于信息經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，遠程課程的需求也迅速增長?！贝_定B選項“信息化經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展”和D選項“對遠程課程的需求”也是原因；所以排除法，C選項“人口的增長”在文章并沒有提及，不是原因，符合題意。

3.詞匯題。題干詢問‘“suspend”(句子1,Para2)最接近的意思是啥？’根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“Asitturnsout,hedidn'thavetomoveorcommutetogethisdegree.事實證明，他并不需要搬家或通勤才能拿到學(xué)位。”確定commute相當(dāng)于上一句中的“suspendacareerandafamily”，suspend表示‘延緩，使暫?！囊馑?，所以A選項stop正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘以下關(guān)于Ms.Behrend所說內(nèi)容的陳述不正確的是…？’根據(jù)文章第三段第三句“R.Behrend,forone,believesthatdistanceeducationisthesuperiorchoice.R.Behrend認(rèn)為遠程教育是更好的選擇?！贝_定A選項“遠程教育是最好的選擇”正確；根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Itwasn’tliketheusuallychattingintheclassroom.這不是像通常在教室里聊天?！贝_定C選項“遠程教育的討論不像課堂上那樣?！闭_；根據(jù)第三段第四句“Behrend,45,obtainedadoctoraldegreeinclinicalpsychologylastspringfromWaldenUniversity,arespectedvirtualinstitution.45歲的貝倫德去年春天從備受尊敬的虛擬機構(gòu)沃爾登大學(xué)獲得了臨床心理學(xué)博士學(xué)位?！贝_定D選項“她從遠程教育獲得了博士學(xué)位”正確；由第三段第五句“Shesaysthediscussionsbetweenstudentandprofessor,andamongpeers,weremorerigorousthanthosesheexperiencedinthetwooncampusmaster’sprogramsshepreviouslyattended.她說，學(xué)生和教授之間的討論，以及同學(xué)之間的討論，都比她在之前參加的兩個碩士項目中經(jīng)歷的討論更為嚴(yán)格?！贝_定B選項“遠程教育中的討論不如校園中的討論嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)”與原文意思相反，符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章的題目可能是…？’A選項“成人教育”，太寬泛，不正確；文章并不是圍繞經(jīng)濟進行展開的，只是稍微提及了一下，B選項“信息化經(jīng)濟”，不正確；文章雖然有說道關(guān)于遠程教育的辯論，但只是進行了一些描述，文章并非圍繞這場辯論進行展開，D選項“一次有趣的辯論”，不正確；文章通篇都是圍繞遠程教育在進行描述，所以C選項“遠程學(xué)習(xí)”正確；所以正確答案為C選項。

7.單選題

（）peoplewhofindmeaningintheirworkaregenerally—productive,supportivecoworkersandpromoteworkplaceharmony.

問題1選項

A.Self-important

B.Self-declared

C.Self-conscious

D.Self-motivated

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。self-important“妄自尊大的，高傲的”；self-declared“自命的，自稱的”；self-conscious“自覺的，自發(fā)的”；self-motivated“自我激勵的，有上進心的”。句意：有上進心的人往往能在工作中找到意義，他們通常富有創(chuàng)造力，樂于幫助同事，營造和諧的工作氛圍。選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Esperantoiswhatiscalledaplanned,orartificial,language.ItwascreatedmorethanacenturyagobyPolisheyedoctorLudwikLazarZamenhof.Zamenhofbelievedthatacommonlanguagewouldhelptoalleviatesomeofthemisunderstandingsamongcultures.

InZamenhof’sfirstattemptatauniversallanguage,hetriedtocreatealanguagethatwasasuncomplicatedaspossible.Thisfirstlanguageincludedwordssuchasab,ac,ba,eb,be,andce.Thisdidnotresultinaworkablelanguageinthatthesemonosyllabicwords,thoughshort,werenoteasytounderstandortoretain.

Next,Zamenhoftriedadifferentwayofconstructingasimplifiedlanguage.Hemadethewordsinhislanguagesoundlikewordsthatpeoplealreadyknew,buthesimplifiedthegrammartremendouslyOneexampleofhowhesimplifiedthelanguagecanbeseeninthesuffixes:allnounsinthislanguageendino,asinthenounamiko,whichmeans"friend,"andalladjectivesendin-a,asintheadjectivebeta,whichmeans"pretty"Anotherexampleofthesimplifiedlanguagecanbeseenintheprefixmal-,whichmakesawordoppositeinmeaning;thewordmalamikothereforemeans"enemy,"andthewordmalbelathereforemeans"ugly"inZamenhofslanguage.

In1887,Zamenhofwroteadescriptionofthislanguageandpublishedit.Heusedapenname,Dr.Esperanto,whensigningthebook.HeselectedthenameEsperantobecausethiswordmeans"apersonwhohopes"inhislanguage.EsperantoclubsbeganpoppingupthroughoutEurope,andby1905EsperantohadspreadfromEuropetoAmericaandAsia.

In1905,theFirstWorldCongressofEsperantotookplaceinFrance,withapproximately700attendeesfrom20differentcountries.Congresseswereheldannuallyfornineyears,and4,000attendeeswereregisteredfortheTenthWorldEsperantoCongressscheduledfor1914,whenWorldWarIeruptedandforceditscancellation.

EsperantohashaditsupsanddownsintheperiodsinceWorldWarI.Today,yearsafteritwasintroduced,itisestimatedthatperhapsaquarterofamillionpeoplearefluentinit.Currentadvocateswouldliketoseeitsusegrowconsiderablyandaretakingstepstotrytomakethishappen.

1.Thetopicofthispassageis（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,Zamenhofwantedtocreateauniversallanguage（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheEsperantowordmalesperameans（）.

4.Lookattheexpression“poppingup”inParagraph4.Thisexpressioncouldbestbereplacedby（）.

5.Thepassagefollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusses（）.

問題1選項

A.alanguagedevelopedinthelastfewyears

B.oneman'seffortstocreateauniversallanguage

C.howlanguagecanbeimproved

D.usinglanguagetocommunicateinternationally

問題2選項

A.toresolveculturaldifferences

B.toprovideamorecomplexlanguage

C.tobuildanameforhimself

D.tocreateoneworldculture

問題3選項

A.hopelessness.

B.hope.

C.hopeless

D.hopeful.

問題4選項

A.leaping

B.shouting

C.hiding

D.opening

問題5選項

A.howcurrentsupportersofEsperantoareencouragingitsgrowth

B.anotherofZamenhof’saccomplishments

C.thedisadvantagesofusinganartificiallanguage

D.attemptstoreconvenetheWorldCongressofEsperantointhe1920s.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】

1.通讀全文可知,本文主要是講Zamenhof發(fā)明了一種通用語—Esperanto(世界語)以及世界語的發(fā)展歷程。選項B符合原文主題。

2.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Zamenhofbelievedthatacommonlanguagewouldhelptoalleviatesomeofthemisunderstandingsamongcultures.”Zamenhof認(rèn)為,一種共同的語言有助于緩解文化之間的一些誤解。選項A解決文化差異符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Anotherexampleofthesimplifiedlanguagecanbeseenintheprefixmal-,whichmakesawordoppositeinmeaning;”帶mal-前綴的詞表示相反的意思,而malespera以-a結(jié)尾,應(yīng)該為形容詞,所以選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)句意：世界語俱樂部開始在歐洲各地,到1905年世界語已經(jīng)從歐洲傳播到美洲和亞洲。選項D符合原文語境。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“目前的倡導(dǎo)者希望看到它的使用大幅增長,并正在采取措施,試圖實現(xiàn)這一點?！苯酉聛碇v的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是世界語目前的支持者是如何鼓勵其發(fā)展的,選項A符合原文。

9.單選題

Ajournalist’sfriendwhohasbeenlivinginNewYorkformanyyearswritesacolumnforaChinesenewspaperinHongKongonculturalsubjects,andChineseandWesterntraditions,recentlytouchedonthequestion:whytranslationsofnovelsbywell-knowncontemporaryChineseauthorsdonotsellwellabroad?

Quotingamainlandsource,DongDingshanrevealedthatinFrance,whichprobablyhasthefinesttastesforartandcultureintheworld,only10copiesoftranslatedworksbyLuXunandBaJinweresoldin1994.

ThepoorsalesareareminderthatcontemporaryChineseliteraturehasyettosecureaplaceontheworldstageascommensuratewithitsachievements.

OneexplanationisthatwhilemanyChineseauthorsnowadaystakegreatprideinhavingtheirworkstranslatedintoforeignlanguages,fewhaveanyideahowmuchtheirnovelswouldbeunderstood,nottosayenjoyed,inforeigncountries.Anotheristhatthosewhohavethepowertoselectworksfortranslationareguidedentirelybytheirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders.Thetwoareinterrelatedbutbothshowalackofunderstandingoftheforeignreadership.

However,whatseemstobethegreatestdifficultytoDongonthetranslationofliteraryworksforforeignconsumptionisrenderingthedistinctlydifferentstylesofChineseprosewriting.WhereasChinesewritersliketoheapadjectivesanddecorativewords,suchdescriptionsareapttobemeaninglessorannoyingtoforeignreaders.Especiallyinthecaseofnewswriting,clarityissupremeanduselesswordsonlydistractfromastory’sreadability.

Inviewofthis,translationoflyricalworksisoftenathanklessjob.Dongbelievesessaysandprosestandamuchbetterchanceofsuccess.Asfornovels,successdependsonwhetherforeignreaderscanfollowthestorieswhicharedevelopedincircumstanceswithwhichtheyareentirelyunfamiliar.

ItisseldomrealizedthatsuccessfultranslationofChinesenovelsisinvariablytheco-reationoftheauthorandtranslator.WithagoodcommandofChinesewritingskills,thetranslatorisideallyalsosomeonewhowritesgood,decentEnglish,notjustcorrectsentences.

TheChinesetranslatorwhoreliesonadictionaryeverystepofthewayisunlikelytoproducetranslationsthatcaninterestreaders,Dongbelieves.

ThereisagreatdealofsenseinDong’sbeliefthatChinesenovelsareideallytranslatedbynativespeakersofEnglish,asdidProfessorJeffreyKinkleywhorecentlytranslatedImperfectParadisebythecontemporaryChinesewriterShenCongwen.Kindlytooknoteintheprefaceofhistranslationthatword-for-wordtranslationonlyhurtstheoriginal-acredoheardoftenenoughamongtranslationcirclesinChinabutwhichismucheasiersaidthandone.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（

）.

2.DongDingshan’sattitudetowardcontemporaryChineseliteraturetranslationcanbebestsummarizedas

（

）.

3.Translationofnovelsbywell-knowncontemporaryChineseauthorsdon’tsellwellabroadmainlybecause

（

）.

4.AccordingtoDongDingshan,whatisthedifferenceinprosewritingbetweenChineseandforeigners?

5.AllthefollowingcanimpliedfromthepassageEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項

A.translationoflyricalworks

B.impropertranslation

C.understandingoftheforeignreadership

D.achievementsofChineseliteraturetranslation

問題2選項

A.unsatisfactory

B.cheerful

C.hopeful

D.indifferent

問題3選項

A.translatednovelsdonotmeetforeignreaders’tasteandinterest

B.novelsbeingtranslatedarebestonesbyfamouswriters

C.mosttranslatedworkshavedistortedtheoriginals

D.foreignreaders’tastehavechangedalot

問題4選項

A.Chineseproseistoopolitical

B.TherearemoreadjectivesanddecorativewordsinChineseprose

C.Therearemorephilosophicalideasinforeignprose

D.Foreignproseisverypersonal

問題5選項

A.AgoodtranslationofChinesenovelistheco-creationoftheauthorandtranslator

B.AnexcellenttranslatorshouldhaveagoodcommandofChineseandforeignlanguagewritingskills

C.DongDingshanbelievesthatChinesetranslatorcandobetterjobintranslatingChinesenovelsintoEnglish

D.Word-for-wordtranslationmayhurttheoriginal

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.考察文章大意。文章第一段提出“中國的作品翻譯成外國文字后出售不多”這種現(xiàn)象。接下來作者提出了造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因：一是中國作家并沒有考慮自己的作品能否被外國人理解（fewhaveanyideahowmuchtheirnovelswouldbeunderstood,nottosayenjoyed,inforeigncountries）；二是中國譯者選擇翻譯的作品都是通過自己的主觀判斷，而沒有考慮受眾的口味（theirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders）。接著作者就不同體裁的翻譯來說明了不合適的譯文是導(dǎo)致外國讀者看不懂內(nèi)容。選項B符合題意。

2.考察作者的觀點態(tài)度。作者在文章提到之所以中國的作品在國外不暢銷，原因就是沒有適合的譯本，因此可以判斷出作者對當(dāng)下的這些譯本是不滿意的。選項A符合題意。

3.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實問題。文章第四段提到中國作品在國外不受歡迎的原因之一是譯者選擇作品時是根據(jù)主觀的判斷，而沒有考慮國外讀者的口味（Anotheristhatthosewhohavethepowertoselectworksfortranslationareguidedentirelybytheirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders）。選項A符合題意。

4.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實問題。文章第五段WhereasChinesewritersliketoheapadjectivesanddecorativewords,suchdescriptionsareapttobemeaninglessorannoyingtoforeignreaders提到中國作家喜歡堆砌一些形容詞和修飾詞，這些詞對于外國讀者來說是沒有意義甚至?xí)蓴_他們閱讀，選項B符合題意。

5.考察推理判斷問題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段successfultranslationofChinesenovelsisinvariablytheco-reationoftheauthorandtranslator可排除選項A；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段第二句WithagoodcommandofChinesewritingskills,thetranslatorisideallyalsosomeonewhowritesgood,decentEnglish可排除選項B；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第一段第一句話ThereisagreatdealofsenseinDong’sbeliefthatChinesenovelsareideallytranslatedbynativespeakersofEnglish可知選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Anyonenotpayingtheregistrationfeebytheendofthismonthwillbe（

）tohavewithdrawnfromtheprogram.

問題1選項

A.contemplated

B.deemed

C.acknowledged

D.anticipated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析題。contemplate“沉思，注視”；deem“認(rèn)為，視作”；acknowledge“承認(rèn)”；anticipate“預(yù)期，期望”；句意：到本月底還沒有交納注冊費的人將被視為已取消該課程。B項符合句意，答案B

11.單選題

______referstothatwhichisdeserted,laidwaste,solitary,forsaken.

問題1選項

A.Isolation

B.Consolation

C.Desolation

D.Dislocation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項isolation“隔離”，B項consolation“安慰，慰問”，C項desolation“孤寂”，D項dislocation“轉(zhuǎn)位，混亂”。根據(jù)空格后面的句子意思“……指的是那些被遺棄，荒廢，孤獨，被遺棄的”可知，空格部分填入desolation符合語境。句意：荒涼是指被拋棄，荒廢，孤獨，被遺棄。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

12.單選題

MarcHooper,notlongpromotedtoCEOofconfectionerygiantSpartanKetley(SK),isverydifferentfromhispredecessors.Heisacorporatelawyerbytraining,andhisbackgroundhasclearlyshapedhismanagementstyle.Hewastaughtthatnoworkshouldgouncheckedandthatnostatementcangooutwithouteverythingbeingfullydefined.”Thelegalworldteachesyoutothinkinasyntheticway,totakecontrastingideasandthreadthemtogethertoformastrategyH