考研考博-英語-山東大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

AttitudesonthetwosidesintheRevolutionaryWarprecludedthepossibilityofapeacefulsolution.

問題1選項

A.presaged

B.prejudiced

C.anticipated

D.prevented

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:雙方對美國革命戰(zhàn)爭的態(tài)度決定了不可能通過和平的方式解決問題。

presage:預(yù)感，預(yù)言。prejudice:偏見。anticipate:預(yù)期，期望。prevent:阻止，妨礙，。preclude:阻止,妨礙,排除。故選D。

2.單選題

Beforeyoucanmakeafreshfruitsalad,youmustbuy（）.

問題1選項

A.oranges,bananas,pineapples,andpeachesarenecessary

B.orangesandbananasandpineapplesandpeaches

C.orangesandbananasandotherfruits.Suchaspineapplesandpeaches

D.oranges,bananas,pineapples,andpeaches

【答案】D

【解析】考查并列謂語辨析。A選項arenecessary成分贅余，可排除。B選項and用法使用錯誤，可排除。C選項and用法錯誤，也可排除。句意：在你做新鮮水果沙拉之前，你必須先買……。結(jié)合句意，D選項and用法準確，符合句意，因此答案為D選項。

3.單選題

WrestlerJake“TheSnake”RoberttoldTMZ.comthathewill（）emergencysurgerytoremoveacanceroustumour.

問題1選項

A.uphold

B.undergo

C.transfer

D.trigger

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項uphold表示“支撐，鼓勵，贊成”；B選項undergo表示“經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受，忍受”；C選項transfer表示“轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)移”；D選項trigger表示“觸發(fā)，引起”。由句意可知，這位摔跤手告訴TMZ.com網(wǎng)站說，他將進行緊急手術(shù)，切除癌癥腫瘤。因此，只有undergo的詞義最符合句意，故本題正確答案為B選項。

4.單選題

Theoldprofessorhashadthefluforalongtimebuthehasfinally（）andisbackintheoffice.

問題1選項

A.gotover

B.gotoverit

C.gotthrough

D.gotupit

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。getover“克服;恢復(fù)”，后面接賓語；getthrough“通過；到達”；getup“起床”由后半句“isbackintheoffice回到辦公室”可知，教授的病好了，恢復(fù)了健康，故B項正確。句意：這位老教授患流感很長時間了，但是最終他恢復(fù)了，并且回到了辦公室。

5.單選題

Theauthorofthereportiswell____withtheproblemsinthehospitalbecausehehasbeenworkingthereformanyyears.

問題1選項

A.informed

B.acquainted

C.enlightened

D.acknowledged

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.informed（~of/aboutsth）通知；了解B.acquainted（~sbwith）熟悉；了解

C.enlightened啟發(fā)；闡明D.acknowledged承認；感謝

【答案】B

【考查點】動詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處所填詞的主語為“報告的作者”，后接的介詞為with，賓語為“醫(yī)院里的問題”，根據(jù)后文“他已經(jīng)在那里工作多年了”可知，該作者應(yīng)該是對醫(yī)院的問題很熟悉、很了解，B選項acquainted“熟悉；了解”符合要求。

【干擾項排除】

A選項informed“通知；了解”，與原文介詞搭配不當；

C選項enlightened“啟發(fā)；闡明”，不符合原文語義銜接；

D選項acknowledged“承認；感謝”，不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】該報告的作者對醫(yī)院里的問題很熟悉，因為他已經(jīng)在那里工作多年了。

6.單選題

Governmenthealthorganizationshavefosteredanawarenessofthedangersincertainsocialhabits.

問題1選項

A.included

B.discovered

C.cultivated

D.discouraged

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項included“包括，包含”；B選項discovered“發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到”；C選項cultivated“培養(yǎng)，發(fā)展，教化”；D選項discouraged“使氣餒”。句意：政府衛(wèi)生組織_____了對某些社會習(xí)慣的危險的認識。這里表達的是“培養(yǎng)人們對危險的認知”，因此C選項的意思與原文最符合，C選項正確。

7.單選題

Hejoinedacomputerdatingscheme（）butsofarithasn’tasuitablepatter.

問題1選項

A.comeby

B.comeacross

C.comeupwith

D.comeroundto

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查了詞組的辨析。comeby“經(jīng)過”；comeacross“偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”；comeupwith“想出”；comeroundto“改變主意”，此處只有使用詞組comeacross表示“偶然”才符合句子的語義邏輯，故正確答案為選項B。句意為：他偶然加入了一個計算機日程計劃，但是到目前為止它還沒有一個合適的模式。

8.單選題

Thedirectionswereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問題1選項

A.ingenious

B.notorious

C.ambitious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項ingenious“機靈的；心靈手巧的”；B選項notorious“聲名狼藉的；臭名昭著的”；C選項ambitious“有雄心的；野心勃勃的”；D選項ambiguous“模糊不清的；模棱兩可的”。句意：這些指示太不明確了，以致不可能完成任務(wù)。因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

TheuniquenessoftheJapanesecharacteristheresultoftwoseeminglycontradictoryforces:thestrengthoftraditionsandtheselectivereceptivitytoforeignachievementsandinventions.Asearlyas1860stherewerecountermovementtothetraditionalorientation.OneofthefamousspokesmenofJapan’s“Enlightenment”claimed“theConfuciancivilizationoftheEastseemstometolacktwothingspossessedbyWesterncivilization:scienceinthematerialsphereandasenseofindependenceinthespiritualsphere.”AnotherbreakofrelativeliberalismfollowedWorldWarI,whenthedemocraticidealismofPresidentWoodrowWilsonhadanimportantimpactonJapaneseintellectualsandespeciallystudents;butmoreimportantwastheLeninistideologyofthe1917BolshevikRevolution.Again,intheearly1930s,nationalismandmilitarismbecamedominant.

FollowingtheendofWorldWarII,substantialchangeswereundertakeninJapantoliberatetheindividualfromauthoritarianrestrains.Thenewdemocraticvaluesystemwasacceptedbymanyteachers,students,intellectuals,andoldliberals,butitwasnotimmediatelyembracedbythesocietyasawhole.Japanesetraditionsweredominatedbygroupvalues,andnotionsofpersonalfreedomandindividualrightswereunfamiliar.

Today,democraticprocessesareclearlyevidentinthewidespreadparticipationoftheJapanesepeopleinsocialandpoliticallife.Schooltextbooksemphasizeequalityoverhierarchyandrationalismovertradition;butinpracticethesevaluesareoftenmisinterpretedanddistorted,particularlybytheyouthwhotranslatetheindividualisticandhumanisticgoalsofdemocracyintoegoisticandmaterialisticones.

MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.Animportantfeatureofrelationshipsinmanyinstitutions,includingpoliticalpartiesanduniversitiesis,theoyabun-kobunorparent-childrelation.Thecorrespondingloyaltyoftheindividualtohispatronreinforceshisallegiancetothegrouptowhichtheybothbelong.Awillingnesstocooperatewithothermembersofthegroupandtosupportwithoutqualificationtheinterestsofthegroupinallitsexternalrelationsisstillawidelyrespectedvirtue.Theoyabun-kobuncreatesladdersofmobilitywhichanindividualcanascend,risingasfarasabilitiespermit,solongashemaintainssuccessfulpersonaltieswithasuperiorintheverticalchannel,thelatterrequirementusuallytakingprecedenceoveraneedforexceptionalcompetence.Asaconsequence,thereislittlehorizontalrelationshipbetweenpeoplewiththesameprofession.

1.ThespokesmanofJapan’s“Enlightenment”thoughtthat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutJapan’scultureistrue?

3.Therelationshipofoyabun-kobuncanbeonebetween（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.thetraditionalcultureshouldbereplacedbywesternmodernization

B.JapaneseoughttoforsaketheConfuciancivilizationoftheEast

C.theConfuciancivilizationinJapanshouldbedominant

D.Japanshouldintroducewesterncivilization

問題2選項

A.SubstantialchangesindemocraticprocesshavetakenplaceduringWorldWarH

B.NowadaysthetraditionalConfucianismisanecessarypartofthesocietyinJapan.

C.TodaytheConfucianismoutweighsthedemocraticvaluesysteminuniversitiesofJapan.

D.ThedemocraticideawasnotacceptedbythesocietyafterWorldWarII.

問題3選項

A.ashopownerandacustomer

B.aCEOandanemployee

C.apoliticianandanopponent

D.ajudgeandalawyer

問題4選項

A.respectforauthorityplaysamoreimportantroleinpromotion

B.westernvalueshaveoverwhelmedtraditionalJapaneseattitudes

C.colleaguesaremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthanbefore

D.mostJapaneseworkersaremembersofasingleparty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第三句“Ohespiritualsphere.’”日本“啟蒙運動”的一位著名發(fā)言人宣稱：“在我看來，東方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所擁有的兩樣?xùn)|西：物質(zhì)領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)和精神領(lǐng)域的獨立意識?！币簿褪钦f，他認為日本應(yīng)該引進西方文明，選項D符合原文。

2.選項A應(yīng)該是一戰(zhàn)后，所以不正確；選項C明顯錯誤;根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thenewdemocratic...thesocietyasawhole.”可知選項D屬于完全否定，與原文表述不符;根據(jù)第四段第一句“MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.”大多數(shù)日本人都有意識地拒絕儒家思想,但舊秩序的殘余依然存在。也就是說，傳統(tǒng)儒學(xué)根深蒂固，是日本社會不可或缺的一部分。選項B正確。

3.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動的梯子，一個人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級保持良好的個人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對非凡能力的需要。由此可以推斷，oyabun-kobun指的是“上下級之間的關(guān)系”，選項中只有B項符合要求。

4.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動的梯子，一個人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級保持良好的個人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對非凡能力的需要。作者其實是在暗示，尊重權(quán)威在晉升中扮演著更重要的角色。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

10.單選題

Itwasunfortunatethat,aftersotrouble-freeanarrival,heshouldstumbleinthedarkashewasrisingandseverelytwisthisankleonapieceofrock.Afterthefirstshockthepainbecamebearable,andhegathereduphisparachutebeforelimpingintothetreestohideitasbestashecould.Thehardnessofthegroundandthedeepdarknessmadeitalmostimpossibletodothisefficiently.Thepineneedleslayseveralinchesdeep,sohesimplypilethemontopoftheparachute,cuttingtheshorttwigsthathecouldfeelaroundhislegs,andspreadingthemontopoftheneedles.Hehadgreatdoubtsaboutwhetheritwouldstayburied,buttherewasverylittleelsethathecoulddoaboutit.

Afterlimpingforsomedistanceinanindirectcourseawayfromhisparachutehebegantomakehiswaydownhillthroughthetrees.Hehadtofindoutwherehewas,andthendecidewhattodonext.Butwalkingdownhillonarapidlyswellinganklesoonprovedtobealmostbeyondhispowers.Hemovedmoreandmoreslowly,walkinginlongsidewaymovementsacrosstheslope,whichmeanttakingmorestepsbutlesspainfulones.Bythetimeheclearedthetreesandreachedthevalley,daywasbreaking.Misthunginsoftsheetsacrossthefields.Smallcottagesandfarmbuildingsgroupedlikesleepingcattlearoundavillagechurch,whosepointedtowerpointedhighintothecoldwinterairtowelcomethemorning.

“Ican’tgonofarther,”JohnHardingthought.“Someoneisboundtofindme,butwhatcanIdo?ImustgetarestbeforeIgoon.They’lllookformefirstupthereonthemountainwheretheplanecrashed.Ibetthey’reoutlookingforitalreadyandtheyareboundtofindtheparachuteintheend.Ican’tbelievetheywon’t.Sothey’llknowI’mnotdeadandmustbesomewhere.They’llthinkI’mhidingupthereinthetreesandrockssothey’lllookformethere.SoI’llgodowntothevillage.Withluckbytheeveningmyfootwillbegoodenoughtogetmetotheborder.”

Farabovehimonthemountainsidehecouldhearthefaintechoofvoices,startlinghimafterthegreatsilence.Lookinguphesawlightslikelittlepinpointsmovingacrossthefaceofthemountaininthegraylight.Buttheroadwasdeserted,andhestruggledalong,stillalmostinvisibleinthefirstlight,easinghisachingfootwheneverhecould,avoidingstonesandroughplaces,andlimpingquietlyandpainfullytowardsthevillage.Hereachedthechurchatlast.Agreatneedforpeacealmostdrewhiminside,butheknewthatwouldnotdo.Instead,helimpedalongitswallstowardsaveryoldbuildingstandingashortdistancefromthechurchdoors.Itseemedtohavebeenthereforever,asifithadgrownoutofthehillinside.Ithadthesameairoftimelessnessasthechurch.JohnHardingpushedopentheheavywoodendoorandslippedinside.

1.ItisknownfromthepassagethatJohnHardingwas_______.

2.JohnHardingfoundithardtohidehisparachutebecause_______.

3.Inspiteofhisbadankle,JohnHardingwasableto_______.

4.WhenJohnHardinggotoutoftheforest,hesawthat_______.

5.JohnHardingdecidedtogodowntothevillage_______.

問題1選項

A.anescapedprisoner

B.acriminalontherunfromthepolice

C.aspywhohadbeenhidingintheforest

D.anairmanwhohadlandedinanenemycountryarea

問題2選項

A.hegothisankletwistedseverely

B.thetreesdidnotgiveverygoodcover

C.theearthwasnotsoftandtherewaslittlelight

D.thepineneedleslaytoothickontheground

問題3選項

A.carryonwalkingfairlyrapidly

B.walkinadirectionthatwaslesssteep

C.bearthepainwithoutchangingdirection

D.findoutwherehehadlanded

問題4選項

A.itwasbeginningtogetmuchlighter

B.washingwashangingonthelinesinthevillage

C.thefieldswerefullofsleepingcows

D.sometreeshadbeenclearednearthevillage

問題5選項

A.tofindadoctortoseetohisankle

B.tobenearthefrontier

C.toavoidthesearchparty

D.tofindshelterinabuilding

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“...hegathereduphisparachutebeforelimpingintothetreestohideitasbestashecould.（……他收起降落傘，跛著腳走入樹林，盡可能將降落傘藏好。）”可以推斷出約翰?哈丁是一個降落在敵國區(qū)域的飛行員。所以D選項“一名降落在敵國地區(qū)的飛行員”正確。A選項“一個逃犯”和B選項“一個正在被警察追捕的罪犯”說法不正確，罪犯有降落傘的可能性極低；C選項“一個藏在森林里的間諜”也不符合題意，因此D選項正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Thehardnessofthegroundandthedeepdarknessmadeitalmostimpossibletodothisefficiently.（地面很堅硬，天又一片漆黑，這使他幾乎不可能很好地完成這件事。）”，該句中的“這件事”指的就是藏降落傘，因此C選項“地面堅硬，而且?guī)缀鯖]有光”正確。A選項“他的腳踝嚴重扭傷了”是原因之一，但不是最主要的原因；關(guān)于B選項“樹木沒有很好的遮蔽”，文章提到“Thepineneedleslayseveralinchesdeep,sohesimplypilethemontopoftheparachute...（堆在地上的松針有幾英尺厚，所以他只需用松針蓋在降落傘的上部……）”，由此可知松針足夠遮蓋住降落傘了，因此B選項錯誤；D選項“地上的松針太厚了”，說法錯誤，這正好給了降落傘一個很好的掩蓋，因此C選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Afterlimpingforsomedistanceinanindirectcourseawayfromhisparachutehebegantomakehiswaydownhillthroughthetrees.Hehadtofindoutwherehewas,andthendecidewhattodonext.Butwalkingdownhillonarapidlyswellinganklesoonprovedtobealmostbeyondhispowers.Hemovedmoreandmoreslowly,walkinginlongsidewaymovementsacrosstheslope,whichmeanttakingmorestepsbutlesspainfulones.（他一瘸一拐地離開降落傘，繞道走了一段路，然后穿過樹林往下走。他必須弄清楚自己在哪里，然后決定下一步該做什么。但他的腳踝迅速腫脹，走下坡很快就超出了他的能力范圍。他走得越來越慢，在斜坡上橫著走很長一段路，這就意味著他要多走幾步，但不那么痛苦了。）”，由此可知C選項“忍受痛苦而不改變方向地向前走”正確。A選項“繼續(xù)相當快地走”文中提到“Hemovedmoreandmoreslowly...（他走得越來越慢）”，由此可知A選項不正確；B選項“朝著不那么陡峭的方向走”說法錯誤，文中只提到他換了一個姿勢，但是并沒有更換方向；D選項“找出他降落的地方”說法錯誤，題干問的是“盡管腳踝受傷，約翰?哈丁依然能夠……”，文章并沒有提到他已經(jīng)找到了自己降落的地方，只提到他想要弄清楚，因此C選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Bythetimeheclearedthetreesandreachedthevalley,daywasbreaking.（當他走出樹林到達山谷時，天已經(jīng)破曉了）”，由此可知A選項“天開始變亮了”符合題意。B選項“村子里的繩子上掛著剛洗的衣服”文章沒有提到；C選項“田野里到處都是睡覺的牛”說法錯誤，文章只提到了“Smallcottagesandfarmbuildingsgroupedlikesleepingcattlearoundavillagechurch...（在村莊的教堂周圍小農(nóng)舍和農(nóng)場建筑物像沉睡的牛群一樣聚在一起……）”，并沒有說到田野里到處都是沉睡的牛群；D選項“村莊附近的一些樹被清除了”文章沒有提到，因此A選項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段的最后一句話“SoI’llgodowntothevillage.Withluckbytheeveningmyfootwillbegoodenoughtogetmetotheborder.（所以我要去村子里。運氣好的話，到晚上我的腳就能走到邊境了。）”，由此可知約翰?哈丁決定去村子主要是想去邊境，因此B選項“靠近邊境”正確。A選項“找醫(yī)生治療他的腳踝”和C選項“避開搜索隊”以及D選項“在建筑中尋找庇護”都不符合題意，因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

Allsocietieshavedistinctroleexpectationsformenandforwomen.IntheUnitedStates,theseexpectationshavebeenundergoingchangeformanydecades.TodayAmericansliveinaworldofdiversefamilypatternsandconflictingimagesofideallifestylesformenandwomen.Theconventionalnormsofthefirsthalfcenturydefinedasuccessfulwomanasawifeandmotherwhostayedhometocarryoutafullarrayofhouseholdduties.Thehusbandandfatherwasexpectedtostayawayfromthehomemostoftheday,earningenoughmoneytopaythebills.Manyadultsstilllivebytheseexpectations,butthetraditionalpatternisnolongerheldupasanidealtobefollowedbyeveryone.Timeshavechanged;thereisnoreturntoyesterday.

Althoughthewomen’smovementandpoliticalcontroversiesaboutsuchissuesandtheEqualRightsAmendmentandsexualharassmentsuggestthatchangingsexrolesisarecentissue,thisisfarfromthecase.Broadtrendscanbeidentifiedoverthepasthundredyears.Womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforcefrom18%in1900toover50%today,andtheygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomendidinthepast.In1910thebirthratewas30per1,000population;bythe1900sithaddeclinedto16per1,000.Thesetwotrends—increasingparticipationinthelaborforceanddecreasingfamilysize—suggestthatmajorlong-termchangeshaverestructuredtheroleexpectationsofmenandwomen.Thesechangesarecomplex.Thefactthatmorewomenarejoiningthelaborforceasfull-timeworkersdoesnotmeanthatasinglesexrolepatternisemerging.

Onthecontrary,wearelivinginaperiodofdiversefamilypatterns.AccordingtoKathleenGerson,“thedomesticwomanwhobuildsherlifearoundchildrenandhomemakingpersists,butshenowcoexistswithagrowingnumberofworkingmothersandpermanentlychildlesswomen.”

Womentodayfacehardchoicesastheymakedecisionsaboutwork,career,andmotherhood.Despitewomen’sliberation,womenstillearnlessthanmenintheworkplaceandarestillexpectedtodomostoftheworkinthehome.Womenworksubstantiallymorehourseachweekinthehomeandattheworkplacethanmendo.Womenareworkingharderthanever,yetmanydonotenjoythebenefitsoffullequality.

11.Thetraditionrolesformenandwomen______.

12.Changingsexrolesisnotarecentissuebecause______.

13.Thefactthatmorewomenarejoiningthelaborforceasfulltimeworkersmeansthat______.

14.It’sstatedinthelastparagraphthat______.

15.Accordingtothispassage,thestatementwhichisNOTtrueis______.

問題1選項

A.arediverse

B.areconflicting

C.havebeenchanging

D.arenolongerfollowed

問題2選項

A.womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforceoverthepasthundredyear

B.moreandmorewomenarebecomingworkingmothersorchildlesswomen

C.theconventionalimageofwomenhaschangedbeyondrecognition

D.peoplehavechangedtheirexpectationsofwomeninmodernsociety

問題3選項

A.womenarebecomingmoreindependent

B.thefamilypatternsarebecomingdiverse

C.asingle-rolepatternisemerging

D.womenareeagertowork

問題4選項

A.womentodaystillsufferfrominequalityinworkandlife

B.women’sliberationhaspromotedtheirsocialstatus

C.thesocietyexpectsmorefromwomenthanfrommen

D.womenaremorecapableanddiligentthanmen

問題5選項

A.manypeoplestillfollowtheconventionalnormsoflifestyle

B.womentodaygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomeninthepast

C.moreandmorewomenchoosetoworkratherthantobehousewives

D.mendoasmuchdomesticworkaswomendoathome

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】11.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句Allsocietieshavedistinctroleexpectationsformenandforwomen.IntheUnitedStates,theseexpectationshavebeenundergoingchangeformanydecades.（所有社會對男人和女人都有不同的角色期望。在美國，這些期望幾十年來一直在發(fā)生變化。），說明男女的傳統(tǒng)角色一直在改變。因此C選項“一直在改變”正確。A選項“多種多樣”，原文說的是家庭模式多樣，所以A錯誤。B選項“是矛盾的”，原文說的是男女理想生活方式相互矛盾，所以B錯誤。D選項“不再遵循傳統(tǒng)”，原文說的是很多成年人依然遵循傳統(tǒng)，但這些傳統(tǒng)不再被視為必須遵循的，所以D錯誤。

12.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第二、三句Broadtrendscanbeidentifiedoverthepasthundredyears.Womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforcefrom18%in1900toover50%today,andtheygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomendidinthepast.（在過去的一百年里，我們可以看到大致的趨勢。女性的勞動參與率從1900年的18%提高到今天的50%以上，而且她們比過去的女性少生孩子。），說明性別角色的改變不是最近才出現(xiàn)的問題，因為女性的勞動參與率提高了。因此A選項“在過去的一百年里，婦女的勞動參與度有所提高”正確。B選項“越來越多的女性成為工作母親或不生育的女性”只說明了女性的現(xiàn)狀，所以B錯誤。C選項“女性的傳統(tǒng)形象已經(jīng)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化”，由原文可知，以孩子和家庭為中心的女性仍然大量存在，所以C錯誤。D選項“現(xiàn)代社會中，人們對女性的期望發(fā)生了變化”不能說明這是過去一百年來的趨勢，所以D錯誤。

13.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句wearelivinginaperiodofdiversefamilypatterns.（我們生活在一個家庭模式多樣化的時期。），說明越來越多的女性參與勞動成為全職工作者意味著家庭模式多種多樣，既有以孩子和家庭為中心的女性，也有工作母親或不生育的女性。因此B選項“家庭模式日趨多樣化”正確。A選項“女性變得更加獨立”，D選項“女性渴望工作”在文中沒有提及，所以A，D錯誤。C選項“單一角色的格局正在形成”，由原文可知，這一事實并不意味著出現(xiàn)了單一的性別角色模式，所以C錯誤。

14.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段Womentodayfacehardchoicesastheymakedecisionsaboutwork,career,andmotherhood…manydonotenjoythebenefitsoffullequality.（今天的女性在工作、事業(yè)和母親身份方面面臨著艱難的選擇……許多人并沒有享受到完全平等的好處。），說明現(xiàn)在的女性依然受到了不平等的待遇，比如收入仍然低于男性，仍然被期望做大部分的家務(wù)等。因此A選項“今天的女性在工作和生活中仍然遭受不平等待遇”正確。B選項“女性解放提高了她們的社會地位”，C選項“社會對女性的期望高于男性”，D選項“女性比男性更能干、更勤奮”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

15.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。A選項“許多人仍然遵循傳統(tǒng)的生活方式規(guī)范”，由原文可知，以孩子和家庭為中心的女性仍然存在，所以A選項表述正確，排除A。B選項“當今女性生育孩子比過去的女性少”，由原文可知，現(xiàn)在的女性比過去的女性少生孩子，所以B選項表述正確，排除B。C選項“越來越多的女性選擇工作而不是做家庭主婦”，由原文可知，越來越多的女性作為全職工作者加入勞動力大軍，所以C選項表述正確，排除C。由D選項關(guān)鍵詞“domesticwork”可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Despitewomen’sliberation,womenstillearnlessthanmenintheworkplaceandarestillexpectedtodomostoftheworkinthehome.（盡管女性得到了解放，但女性在工作場所的收入仍然低于男性，她們?nèi)匀槐黄谕龃蟛糠值募覄?wù)。），說明女性做的家務(wù)比男性多。因此D選項“男性在家做的家務(wù)和女性做的家務(wù)一樣多”表述錯誤，本題選D。

12.填空題

Lastyearthedirectorofourcompanywasaccused（1）corruptionandarrested.Athis（2）threeseniorgovernment（3）testifiedthathehadattemptedtobribethem.Intheendhewasfoundguiltyandsentencedtofifteenyearsin（4）.

【答案】of;trial;officials;prison

【解析】句意:去年，我們公司的董事被控告貪污而被捕。在審判中，三名政府官員舉證其試圖賄賂他們。最終他被判有罪，判處入獄十五年。

1.固定搭配。beaccusedof被控告。

2.語義題。根據(jù)后面的testified（舉證）推測此時場景為審判時,故填trail。

3.語義題。根據(jù)后面的bribe(賄賂)可以推斷出賄賂的對象一般是指“政府官員”，填officials。

4.語義題。句意為:判處入獄十五年。

13.單選題

AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.

問題1選項

A.surely

B.eventually

C.precisely

D.consequently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項surely“當然；無疑；堅定地；穩(wěn)當?shù)亍保籅選項eventually“最后，終于”；C選項precisely“精確地；恰恰”；D選項consequently“因此；結(jié)果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解釋并提供的新知識最終得到了發(fā)展和確立。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞atlength“終究；終歸；最終”，得知B為正確答案。

14.問答題

Thepatientneededaspinaltap,andaseniorattendingphysicianaskedamedicalresidentwhetherapreparatorybloodtesthadbeenchecked.Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.

(1)Well,almostcertain.

Doctorsintrainingsometimesconfrontsituationsinwhichtheyworrythattheirsupervisingphysiciansaremakingmistakesorbendingthetruth.(2)Yeteventhoughsuchactscanjeopardizepatients,theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupishamperedbythehierarchiesinteachinghospitals.

Onthetopweretheseniorphysicianswhomaderoundsonthewardsonceortwicedaily.Nextweretheoverworkedresidents,whoessentiallylivedinthehospitalwhiletraining.(3)Lastwerethemedicalstudentswhoweremostassuredlyatthebottomoftheheap.

Thestudentwhoseresidentseeminglyliedtotheattendingphysicianaboutthebloodtestdidnotspeakup.Theresidentwasagooddoctor,shesaid,andsoshehadgivenhimthebenefitofthedoubt.And,sheadded,boththeresidentandtheattendingphysicianwouldbegradingher.

Whatshouldamedicalstudentdoinsuchasituation?Onepossibilityistotakethematterupwithamoreseniordoctor.Orthestudentmightgodirectlytothepatientorfamily,tellingthemthatthephysicianshaveagenuinedisagreementandthattheydeservetoknowaboutit.

Theseoptionsseemlogicalonpaper.AstheethicistJamesDwyerhaswritteninTheHastingsCenterReport,“Thepracticeofalwayskeepingquietisafailureofcaring.”(4)Butintherealworld,itmaybeextremelydifficulttogoupthechainofcommand.

Fortunately,medicaleducatorsareincreasinglyrecognizingthedilemmasthatdoctorsintrainingconfrontwhentheywitnessbehaviorthatmakesthemuncomfortable.(5)Studentsandresidentsarenowexpectedtoprovideroutinefeedback—positiveandnegative—abouttheirsupervisingphysiciansatthecloseoftheirrotation.

Ofcourse,physiciansandstudentsneedtobeeducatedabouthowtogivefeedbackinprofessionalandnon-confrontationalways.Medicaleducatorsareonlynowbeginningtoteachthisskill.Still,itwillbehardtochangetheunfortunateperceptionthatconstructivefeedback,evenforapatient’sbenefit,iswhistle-blowing.

【答案】答：

1.Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor.

2.Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians.

3.Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly.

4.Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand.

5.Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation.

【解析】1.原文句意是：嗯，幾乎可以肯定。原文這一句是對上文的肯定，上文提到Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.（學(xué)醫(yī)的學(xué)生聽到他的回答很吃驚，因為她很肯定沒有經(jīng)過檢查），所以改寫的時候需要結(jié)合上文的內(nèi)容來進行擴充，故改寫為Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor（幾乎可以肯定的是，醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生聽到他的導(dǎo)師這樣的回答感到很震驚）。

2.原文句意是：然而，即使這樣的行為可能危及病人，但教學(xué)醫(yī)院的等級制度阻礙了年輕醫(yī)生發(fā)言的傾向和能力。前半句是讓步狀語從句，并且actscanjeopardizepatients指的是作為指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生，他們的錯誤行為危害到病人的健康，所以可以改寫為despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians（盡管指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯誤）；后半句中的hamper可以用stop來替代，所以句子改寫為Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians（醫(yī)院的等級制度阻止了年輕醫(yī)生說話的傾向和能力，盡管指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯誤）。

3.原文句意是：最后，處于等級最下層的肯定是這些醫(yī)學(xué)生。atthebottomoftheheap（在底層）指的是等級制度的底層，所以可以改寫為atthebottomofhierarchy；另外who引導(dǎo)的定語從句是修飾強調(diào)的，所以句式可以精簡，故這個句子可改寫為Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly（在等級制度的最底層肯定是那些醫(yī)科學(xué)生）。

4.原文句意是：但在現(xiàn)實世界中，要爬上指揮鏈可能極其困難。根據(jù)文章語境，inrealworld（在現(xiàn)實世界中）指的就是在醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，而thechainofcommand（指揮鏈）的對象指的則是位于底層的醫(yī)學(xué)生；故該句子可以改寫為Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand（但在現(xiàn)實的醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，醫(yī)學(xué)生想要得到指揮權(quán)是相當困難的）。

5.原文句意是：學(xué)生和住院醫(yī)師現(xiàn)在被要求在輪班結(jié)束時對他們的指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生提供常規(guī)的正面和負面反饋。routine（常規(guī)的）可以改為regular（定期的，普通的）；positiveandnegative在原文中是作為插入語使用，所以可以改為positivelyandnegatively；故該句可改寫為Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation（醫(yī)學(xué)生和住院醫(yī)師應(yīng)該在輪崗結(jié)束時，定期對他們的指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生做出正面和負面反饋）。

15.單選題

Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople（

）harmthem.

問題1選項

A.morethan

B.otherthan

C.betterthan

D.ratherthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:發(fā)展核科學(xué)是給人們造福，而不是危害人們。

短語辨析。Morethan多于，超出;otherthan除了;betterthan超過，多于;ratherthan而不是。故選D。

16.單選題

Priortothepurchaseoftheflat,thecouplewantedtomakesurethattheywouldhavecompatibleneighbors.

問題1選項

A.harmonious

B.energetic

C.capable

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項harmonious“和諧的”；B選項energetic“精力充沛的”；C選項capable“有能力的”；D選項harsh“嚴厲的”。句意：在購買這套公寓之前，這對夫婦想要確保他們有能和諧相處的鄰居。劃線部分compatible是和諧相處的意思。因此A選項正確。

17.單選題

______isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

問題1選項

A.As

B.What

C.That

D.It

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.As就像，作為B.What什么

C.That那個D.It它

【考查點】定語從句。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以前半句為非限制性定語從句，修飾后面整個主句，空格處要填入一個引導(dǎo)詞，而as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾，所以該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項都不能引導(dǎo)非限制定定語從句。

【句意】人們普遍認為，經(jīng)濟增長取決于生產(chǎn)的順利發(fā)展。

18.單選題

In2008therewerefearsthatwemightenteranothereconomic（）asbadasthe1930s.

問題1選項

A.drop

B.recession

C.decrease

D.slump

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。drop“水滴”；recession“衰退，不景氣”；decrease“減少，降低”；slump“（價格，數(shù)量等）驟降”。句意：2008年的時候，有人擔心我們可能會進入與上世紀30年代一樣嚴重的又一次的經(jīng)濟衰退。選項B更符合語境。

19.單選題

PriortotheeventofSeptember11,theBushadministrationhadstartedtochartaclear-cutcourseinSouthAsia.Inthisnewforeignpolicycalculus,India,thelargest,mostpowerfuleconomicallydynamic,politicallystable,andstrategicallysignificantstateintheregion,wasdestinedtoemergeasalinchpin.SuchashiftwaspossiblebecauseunlikearangeofotherAmericanadministrations,bothduringandaftertheColdWar,theGeorgeW.BushregimehadfinallydecidedthatPakistancouldnolongerexerciseavetoonAmericanrelationswithIndia.SuchadecisionwasalsomadepossiblebecauseofPakistan’ssteadydownwardeconomicspiral,thepresenc