Introduction英國文學部分

AnIntroductionto

EnglishLiteratureCourseLecture11

FORSS:

Today’sExpectations

Toacquirethesenseandmainformsofliterature;Tounderstandyourpurposefortakingthiscourseorthefunctionsofliterature;Tomakeclearthatwhatbenefitsyoucangetfromthiscourse;Tohave,inyourmind,anoutlineofEnglishliterature24QstoAnswerQ1:Whatisliterature?

Q2:ThegenresofLiterature?Q3:WhydowehavetoreadWesternliterature?Q4:Whatbenefitsdowegetfromthiscourse?3Q1:Whatisliterature?Origin:(latin)littera:有學問的，學識的literaryadj.文學(上)的,從事寫作的,文藝的,精通文學的,書本的eg:literarycriticism.文學批評aliteraryman文人literaryworks文學作品literaryfilm文藝片literaryreport文學報告literate:n.（名詞）Onewhocanreadandwrite.Awell-informed,educatedperson.受過教育的博學的人4Inthewidestsense,literatureisjustaboutanythingwritten,buthowaboutguidebookstoJiuzhaigou,recipebooksortelephonedirectoriesetc.Sointhemorespecializedsenseofthewordliteratureistheartthatuseslanguageasamedium5Definition:

Pleasedefineitwithyourownwords.Abodyofwritingsinproseorverse.文學：用散文體或韻文體所寫的文字Imaginativeorcreativewriting,especiallyofrecognizedartisticvalue:文學作品：富有想象力或創(chuàng)造力的作品，尤指具有公認藝術價值的：“Literaturemustbeananalysisofexperienceandasynthesisofthefindingsintoaunity”(RebeccaWest)“文學必須是對經驗的分析和對新發(fā)現(xiàn)的綜合統(tǒng)一”(麗貝卡·韋斯特)6Theartoroccupationofaliterarywriter.文學；作家：一個文學作者的藝術或職業(yè)Thebodyofwrittenworkproducedbyscholarsorresearchersinagivenfield:文獻：某一領域內的學者或研究人員所制作的文字Eg:medicalliterature.醫(yī)學文獻collectedalltheavailableliteratureonthesubject.收集有關這一主題的所有可得的印刷資料（Music）Allthecompositionsofacertainkindorforaspecificinstrumentorensemble:【音樂】音樂文獻：為某一特定樂器或團體所作的或屬于某一種類的所有音樂作品：Eg:thesymphonicliterature.交響文獻7LiteratureinMasters’eyes

?

Literatureistheartofwritingsomethingthatwillbereadtwice;journalismwhatwillbegraspedatonce.

CyrilConnolly(1903–1974),Britishcritic

?Literatureistheexpressionofafeelingofdeprivation,arecourseagainstasenseofsomethingmissing.Butthecontraryisalsotrue:languageiswhatmakesushuman.Itisarecourseagainstthemeaninglessnoiseandsilenceofnatureandhistory.

OctavioPaz(b.1914),Mexicanpoet8

?Literatureisatoilandasnare,acursethatbitesdeep.

D.H.(DavidHerbert)Lawrence(1885–1930),Britishauthor?Greatliteratureissimplylanguagechargedwithmeaningtotheutmostpossibledegree.

EzraPound(1885–1972),U.S.poet,critic

?Literaturehasbeenthesalvationofthedamned,literaturehasinspiredandguidedlovers,routeddespairandcanperhapsinthiscasesavetheworld.

JohnCheever

9

?Ifliteratureisnoteverything,it’snotworthasinglehourofsomeone’strouble.

Jean-PaulSartre(1905–1980),Frenchphilosopher,author

?Literatureismostlyabouthavingsexandnotmuchabouthavingchildren.Lifeistheotherwayaround.

JohnK.VanDeCamp(20thcentury),attorneygeneralofCalifornia

?Medicineismylawfulwifeandliteraturemymistress;whenIgettiredofone,Ispendthenightwiththeother.

AntonPavlovichChekhov(1860–1904),Russianauthor,playwright

10

Q2:ThegenresofLiterature?

Itcontainsfiction&non-fiction.Fiction:4genres(species),

NOVELS,SHORTSTORIES,PLAYS&POEMS.Non-fiction:ESSAY,whichhastraditionallybeenclassifiedinto4categories,theformsofdiscoursedescription,narration,exposition&argumentation.11Q3:WhatDoWeReadforinWesternLiterature?Level1Foremotionalsatisfaction

Tothereadersofthislevel,novelsarerecreationalandtherapeutic.Level2Forhermeneutic(explanatory)functionReadersatthislevel

believethatliteraturegainsaccesstoquestionsofmoralphilosophy,sotheytrytoreadasmanymeaningsastheycanintoliterarypieces.12Level3Forrhetoricandphilology(linguistics):

Readersatthisleveldonotallowthemselvestobepassivelymanipulatedbyeithermovingplotsorfascinatingcharacters.Instead,theyhaveanawarenessofhowauthorsmanipulatedreaders,ofwhatthemodeofnarrationis,ofwhothespeakerisandwhatthebenefitofthechoiceis.13Q4:Whatbenefitsdowegetfromthiscourse?

AgoodcommandofthetargetlanguageGeneralknowledgeoftheculture,literatureandhistoryofthecountryinwhichthetargetlanguageisspokennativeAprofoundmindandaninsightforEnglishliterature14FURTHERMORE,

Throughreading,tosharpenyourlanguageawarenessandimproveyouroveralllanguageproficiency.Tohelptobroadenyourculturalandintellectualunderstanding.15AnOutlineofEnglishLiteratureOldEnglishPeriod

(Anglo-Saxon,449-1066,folkepic)MedievalEnglishPeriod

(Anglo-Norman,1066-1485):

ⅰMedievalRomance(1066-1340)

ⅱThePopularBallads(The15th-Century)TheAgeofChaucer(1343-1400):“TheCanterburytales”｛16

ThePeriodofRenaissance(1485-1603)

(The16th-CenturyEnglishLiterature):

ⅰThomasMore,“Utopia”

ⅱTheAgeofShakespeare

ThePeriodofTheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution(1603-1700)

(The17th-CenturyEnglishLiterature):

ⅰThePuritanAge:Milton,“ParadiseLost”

ⅱMetaphysicalPoetsandCavalierPoets｛｛17

TheEighteenth-CenturyEnglishLiterature(1700-1798):

ⅰEnlightenmentMovement啟蒙主義運動ⅱNeo-classicism新古典主義ⅲRealism現(xiàn)實主義ⅳSentimentalism感傷主義ⅴGothicNovel歌特式小說｛18

TheRomanticPeriod(1798-1832):

a.

desireforthegoodoldtimes

ⅰPoetry

b.Lookingintothefuture

e.g.Wordsworth,Coleridge/Byron,Shelley,andKeats

a.WalterScott

ⅱNovels

b.JaneAusten｛｛19

TheVictorianPeriod(1832-1900):

ⅰCriticRealism批判現(xiàn)實主義:Dickens,ThackerayⅱNaturalism自然主義:ThomasHardyⅲWomenNovelists:

TheBronteSisters(CharlotteandEmily)

ⅳAestheticism唯美主義:

OscarWilde｛20

TheTwentieth-CenturyEnglishLiterature(1900-1970):