高考英語動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)基礎

高考英語動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)基礎動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)

LECTURER:Xiaonan一、學習目標時態(tài)的分類一共分16種時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時/過去時/將來時/過去將來時,現(xiàn)在/過去/將來/過去將來進行時,現(xiàn)在/過去/將來/過去將來完成時,現(xiàn)在/過去/將來/過去將來完成進行時.

用法(一).一般現(xiàn)在時1.表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作

DoyougotoschoolonSaturdays?

Assoonasheearnsanymoney,hespendsit.2.現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)Helovesswimminginthelake.3.真理Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.4.代替將來時WhattimedoesthetrainleavetoShanghai?IsthereanythinginterestingonTVtonight?Ourholidaysbegininaweek.*只限于少數(shù)動詞:begin,start,come,go,leave,sail,arrive,return,end,stop,depart,open,close,be(其中大部分是瞬間動詞,句中往往有表示將來的時間狀語)*另外,在時間或條件從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來(主將從現(xiàn)),對以when或if等開始的名詞性從句或定語從句不適合.Oncetherainstops,wewillleave.Iwillwaithereuntiltheycome.Idon’tknowwhenhewillcome.Thequestioniswhenwe’llstarttomorrow.Therewillcomeadaywhenthepeopleofthewholecountrywillliveahappylife.

5.在電影說明或劇情介紹中,新聞標題或小說章節(jié)題目中,電視解說詞,舞臺動作說明中用一般現(xiàn)在時.6.表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).Herecomesthebus!Theregoesthebell!

(二).一般過去時1.敘述過去的習慣動作,表示過去的時間狀語連用,yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,justnow,onceuponatime,onthefirstofMay,in1980,beforeliberation,intheolddays,whenIwasatmiddleschool---HetookmetothemoviestwiceaweekwhenIwasyoung.2.如果一個句子里含有一個由when引導的狀語從句,而且和主句一樣都是過去時的動詞,when從句里的動作是先發(fā)生的.Whensheheardthestrangesound,shegotuptocheck.

(三).現(xiàn)在進行時1.

表示正在進行的動作,或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作Thepopulationisincreasingveryfast.*2.表示”逐漸”等含義:有一些詞的現(xiàn)在進行時表示的是”逐漸”,“越來越…”一般不和時間狀語連用.這些詞包括:get,grow,become,turn,run,go(變成),begin,forget,remember,die,finish.Sheisgrowingtobemorelikehermother.You’dbettercomein.itisbeginningtorain.I’mfinishingmysupper.3.begoingtodo表示在說話之前主語自己已經(jīng)決定的計劃,不能用于說話時的臨時決定.Howlongareyougoingtostaythere?Heisgoingtobeadoctorwhenhegrowsup.*有時還表示說話者根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)象”預測”不久即將發(fā)生的事情.Lookattheblackclouds.It’sgoingtorain.She’sgoingtohaveababy.Theworkisgoingtobemoredifficultthanweexpected.

4.進行時通常表示持續(xù)動詞,如果是瞬間動詞,則表示(1)即將(2)重復的動作.Thetrainisarriving. Sheisnodding.Heisjumpingupanddown.

(四).現(xiàn)在完成時1.敘述過去已經(jīng)做過的事情或已經(jīng)有過的經(jīng)驗,對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響.Ihavewashedthecar.Sunnyhasn’tcomebackyet.Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.Lookwhatyouhavedone.Haveyouhadyoursupper?

2.敘述從過去開始一直繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況,一般有表示“一段時間”的詞:for…,since,allmorning,allday,allthetime…,always,lately,recently,uptillnow,sofar,bynow,I’vebeenherefor10years.Theoldmanhashadthestsincehewasachild.3.現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用在表示時間或條件的狀語從句中,表示將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作.IwillgotothemoviesassoonasIhavefinishedmyhomework.Wewillgooutsideifithasstoppedrainingbythen.*瞬間動詞的肯定式表示已經(jīng)做了,不與for或since連用表示多久,但是否定式可以.Hehaslefthomeamonthago.(X)Helefthomeamonthago.Itisamonthsincehelefthome.(五).過去完成時表示“過去的過去”By1914Einsteinhadgainedworldfame.在包含when,assoonas,before,after,until,nowthat等連詞的復合句中,如果主句謂語和從句謂語表示的過去動作是不同時間發(fā)生的,那么先發(fā)生的動作通常用過去完成時.Shedidn’tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedthehomework.Ihadn’thadanythingvaluablebeforeIcamehere.hardly---when nosooner---than(六).將來完成時一般用by.YouwillhavereachedHongKongbythistimetomorrow.BytheendofthisyearIwillhavesaved10,000yuan.Ihaveheardthathegotmarriedagain.Atthisrate,hewillhaveadozenwivesbythetimehedies.TheworkwillhavelastedforfullfiveyearsbyAprilofnextyear.

(七).在下列三種情況的that從句中用完成時1.This/that/itisthefirst/second/last…timethat…

ThisisthefirsttimeIhaveheardhimsay“thankyou”.2.This/that/itistheonly…that…ThisistheonlypartythatIhaveeverreallyenjoyedinmylife.3.This/that/itisthe最高級形容詞…that…ItisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthatIhaveeverread.

(八).一般不用進行時的詞:沒有延續(xù)性的詞(accept,end,permit,decide…),know,think,agree,mean,系動詞,love,like,cost,exist,hate,dislike,fear,include,…(一).被動語態(tài)主要用于下面幾種情況1.我們不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰(這時不用by) Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren. Whenwilltheroadbeopenedtotraffic?2.動作的承受者是談話的中心(這時用by) Thesongwaswritten/composedbyastudent.

(二).特殊的被動結構1.帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結構 Heshouldbepunishedforwhathehasdone. Thatsillyquestionneedn’tbeanswered.2.帶不定式的被動結構 Thesedebtswillhavetobepaid. Thosepeoplearesuretobedefeated.3.動詞+介詞 Thisquestionhasbeenmuchtalkedaboutrecently. Whowascalledontoanswerthequestion?

4.動詞+副詞 Hewasbroughtupbyhisuncle. Lotsofnewwordshavetobelookedup.5.其他短語 Thechildrenarewelltakencareof. Heisoftenmadefunof.二、例題解析例1Ilearnedthatherfather____in1950.AhaddiedBdiedCdeadDisdead解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前，但因從句中有明確的過去時間狀語in1950,所以不用過去完成時態(tài)，而用一般過去時態(tài)。

例２Thefive-year-oldgirl____byherparents.AislookedBhaslookedforCisbeinglookedforDhasbeenlooked

解析：該題正確答案為Ｃ。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用于被動語態(tài)的句子中。

三、有效測試1.We_____withyouforthetimebeing. A.willstay B.willbestaying C.wouldstayD.havestayed2.Itwasnotlongbeforethewater_____cold. A.isfeelingB.feels C.feltD.wasfeeling3.WhenIgottotheschool,thefirstclass_____. A.hadbegun B.began C.isbeginning D.hasbegunBCA

4.---You’veleftthelighton. ---Oh,soIhave._______andturnitoff.A.IgoB.I’vegoneC.I’llgoD.I’mgoing5.There_____anEnglisheveningpartynextSaturday.A.isgoingtobeB.willhave B.istohave D.isgoingtohave6.He_____Englishfortenyearsbythetimehetakestheexamination. A.willhavebeenstudying B.wouldhavebeenstudyingC.willstudyD.studied7.I_____