全新版大學(xué)英語2(第二版) UNIT8 語言點

全新版大學(xué)英語2(第二版)UNIT8語言點全新版大學(xué)英語2(第二版)UNIT8語言點全新版大學(xué)英語2(第二版)UNIT8語言點xxx公司全新版大學(xué)英語2(第二版)UNIT8語言點文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度Unit8ProtectingOurEnvironmentWhenmanishappy,heisinharmonywithhimselfandhisenvironment.—OscarWilde人類幸福之時，亦即人類自身和諧生活且與環(huán)境和諧共處之時?！獖W斯卡·王爾德DetailedReadingⅠ.DifficultSentences(Para.1)Inautumn,oakandmapleandbirchsetupablazeofcolourthatflamedandflickeredacrossabackdropofpines.1.Paraphrasethesentence.(=Inautumn,theleavesofoaks,maplesandbirchesturnedbrightredagainstabackgroundofgreenpines.)2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=秋季到來時，橡樹、楓樹和白樺樹五彩繽紛，在大片松林的襯托下如同一片火海，熠熠生輝。)(Para.2)Thecountrysidewas,infact,famousfortheabundanceandvarietyofitsbirdlife,andwhenthefloodofmigrantswaspouringthroughinspringandautumnpeopletravelledfromgreatdistancestoobservethem.1.Understandthelongsentence.(=Thisisacompoundsentenceconnectedwiththetransitionalword“and”.Inthesecondmainclause,asub-clauseoftime“whenthefloodof…”isused.)2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=事實上，這里的鄉(xiāng)村鳥類品種豐富，數(shù)量可觀，因此遠近聞名。每當(dāng)大批候鳥在春秋之際蜂擁而至，許多人遠道趕來觀看。)(Para.2)Soithadbeenfromthedaysmanyyearsagowhenthefirstsettlersraisedtheirhouses,sanktheirwellsandbuilttheirbarns.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“ithadbeenfromthedaysmanyyearsagowhen…”

(=Shemeansthatthelandhadbeenknownforabundanceandbio-diversityforalongtime.)4.(Para.2)Thenastrangeblightcreptovertheareaandeverythingbegantochange.Someevilspellhadsettledonthecommunity:mysteriousmaladiesswepttheflocksofchickens;thecattleandsheepsickenedanddied.1.Whatdoestheauthormeanbya“strangeblight”and“evilspell”

(=Shereferstotheshadowofdeath.Chickens,cattleandsheepbegantodieofmysteriousmaladies.Peoplewerestrickenwithstrangesicknessesandsomeofthemdied.)2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=后來，一種奇怪的疫病在這個地區(qū)悄悄蔓延開來，一切不再依舊。這個社區(qū)中了一種什么邪，一群群雞很快都染上了神秘的疾病，牛羊紛紛病死。)5.(Para.6)Theroadsides,oncesoattractive,werenowlinedwithbrownedandwitheredvegetationasthoughsweptbyfire.1.What’sthefunctionof“asthough”

(=Heretheauthorusedafigureofspeech,similetomakeherexpressionmorevividandclear.)2.What’sherpurposebysayingso?(=Shefocusesonthesevereconsequencecausedbythepollution.)6.(Para.9)Thistowndoesnotactuallyexist,butitmighteasilyhaveathousandcounterpartsinAmericaorelsewhereintheworld.1.Whydoestheauthorwanttosaybyusing“itmight…

(=“might”isusedheretoexpressapossibilitythatitmayhappenormaybetrue—suchthingsdidhavehappenedinAmericaorelsewhereintheworld.)2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=這座小鎮(zhèn)在現(xiàn)實世界中并不存在，但是在美國和世界的其他地方，很可能會輕而易舉地有數(shù)千個遭遇到與其類似命運的小鎮(zhèn)出現(xiàn)。)7. (Para.10)WhathasalreadysilencedthevoicesofspringincountlesstownsinAmerica

1.Whatshouldspringbelike

Whatdoes“silencedthevoicesofspring”mean?(=Springshouldbethrobbingwithlife,fullofbirdsong.“Silencedthevoicesofspring”meansthespringhasalreadybeenmadelifeless.)2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=是什么東西使無數(shù)美國小鎮(zhèn)的春天鴉雀無聲？)Ⅱ.WordsandExpressions1.(Para.1)inharmonywith:agreewithanotheridea,feelingetc.,orlookgoodwithotherthings*Yoursuggestionsarenotinharmonywiththeaimsofthisproject.我們的行為應(yīng)該與話語相一致。(=Ouractionsshouldbeinharmonywithourwords.)Collocation:beinharmonywith 與…協(xié)調(diào)一致beoutofharmonywith 與…不協(xié)調(diào)一致liveinharmony 和睦相處2.(Para.1)surroundings:n.everythingthatisaroundornearsb./sth.*ThehouseissetinbeautifulsurroundingsnearLake(=Weworkmorehappilyinpleasantsurroundings.)3.(Para.1)inthemidstof:amongorwith;while(sth.)ishappening*Thegovernmentisinthemidstofamajorcrisis.他在暴雨中離開了公寓。(=Helefthisflatinthemidstofarainstorm.)4.(Para.1)prosperous:adj.richandsuccessful*I’msureyoucanbuildaprosperousbusinessinChina.(=Aftertheirmisfortunesthefamilyslowlybecameprosperous.)5.(Para.1)bloom: 1.n.aflower,especiallyonecultivatedforitsbeauty*FallleavesmaketheJapanesemad,justlikethecherrybloominthespring.蘋果樹正在開花。(=Theappletreeswereinbloom.)2.duceflowers;beinflower.*Someofmylastrosesofsummerareevenmorebeautifulthanthefirstonesthatbloomedinearlyspring.(=Everythinginthegardenwasbloominglovely!)NB:bloom,blossom以及flower均可作名詞和動詞，意為“花，開花”。其不同點是：bloom尤指“大的、供觀賞的花，諸如牡丹、玫瑰、梅花、菊花等;blossom指樹木開花，尤指果樹上開的花。flower指開放的花朵或泛指花卉。Collocation:comeintobloom/blossom 開花beoutofbloom/blossom 花已落in(full)bloom/blossom 花盛開著thebloomisofftherose明日黃花，已失去新穎感或應(yīng)時價值的事物6.(Para.1)flame:vi.becomesuddenlybrightwithlightorcolour,especiallyredororange*Agreatfireflamedinanopenfireplace.(=Hisfaceflamedwithembarrassment.)7.(Para.1)bark:1.vi.maketheshortloudsoundthatadogmakes*Haveyoueverseenadogbarkingatthemoon?

這只狗對陌生人吠叫。(=Thedogbarksatstrangers.)2.vt.saysomethingquicklyinaloudvoice*Thecaptainbarkedintothemicrophone,“Attentioneveryone!”他開始厲聲下達命令。(=Hebeganbarkingouthisorders.)8.(Para.1)mist:n.alightcloudlowoverthegroundthatmakesitdifficultforyoutoseeveryfar*Wecouldjustseetheoutlineofthehousethroughthemist.(=Themistalongtheriverbankshadgonebymidmorning.)CF:mist,fog&smog這三個詞都是名詞，都可表示“霧”之意。mist指輕霧，氣象學(xué)上稱作靄。例如：*Thepeakswereshroudedinmist.山峰籠罩在霧靄中。fog指較濃的霧。例如：*Wegetheavyfogsonthecoastinwinter.這里的海邊冬季有濃霧。smog指工業(yè)區(qū)的煙和霧相混而造成的又黑又濃的煙霧。例如：*Theriverappearedasifenvelopedinsmog.那條河好像籠罩在煙霧之中。9.(Para.2)feedon:lookforandeat(asone’susualfood)*Giantpandasfeedonarrowbambootwigsandleaves. 這臺燃?xì)廨啓C以它抽入的燃料為能源。(=Thegasturbinefeedsonthefuelitpumps.)10.(Para.2)abundance:n.averylargequantityofsth.*Thetropicalislandboastsanabundanceofwildlife.(=Shewasblessedwithtalentandcharminabundance.)Collocation:abundanceof 豐富,許多inabundance 充足，豐富ayearofabundance 豐年11.(Para.2)migrant:n.1)abirdoranimalthattravelsregularlyfromonepartoftheworldtoanother*Themigrantsspantheanimalkingdom,fromwhalestodragonflies.夏天候鳥來這里筑巢。(=Summermigrantsnesthere.)2)someonewhogoestoliveinanotherareaorcountry,especiallyinordertofindwork*Historically,Californiahaswelcomedmigrantsfromotherstatesandnations.流動工人從一國轉(zhuǎn)到另一國。尋找工資高的工作。(=Migrantworkersmovefromcountrytocountryinsearchofwell-paidwork.)NB:與migrant形似的詞有emigrant“移居國外的人”，immigrant“(自國外移入的)移民”。12.(Para.3)creep:vi.movequietlyandslowly*Ivycreptupthewallsofthebuilding.(=Shecreptupbehindhimandputherhandsoverhiseyes.)CF:creep,climb,crawl這三個動詞都有“爬”之意。creep多指人或四足動物匍匐爬行，尤指偷偷地或不出聲地緩慢向前爬行。也指植物的蔓延生長等。climb通常指用手或足爬上或爬下，也指飛機、日、月的上升，還可用作比喻。crawl指人或動物以身軀貼著地面緩慢地移動。(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Thebaby____acrossthefloor.(=crawled)2.Noonenoticedthatthelittleboyhad_____intotheroomandwassittingthere,listening.(=crept)3.Boyswere_____treesalongtheriverbank.(=climbing)4.Ittookseveralhourstodrivethe50miles,_______alongthroughthesnow.(=crawling)5.She_____intoChrissy'sroom,shuttingthedoorsilentlybehindher.(=crept)6.Severalfans______ontotheroofofthearenatogetabetterview.(=climbed)7.Saleshave11%thisquarter.(=climbed)13.(Para.3)spell:n.1)(stateorconditioncausedby)magicpower*Afterashortspellinhospitalshewassoonbackatwork.她擔(dān)心你正從她魔力般的影響下清醒過來。(=Sheisafraidthatyouarewakingfromherspell.)2)ashortperiodoftimeduringwhichsth.lasts*He'shadaspellofbadluckrecently.她趁上班時一段清靜的時間寫了封信。(=Shemanagedtowritealetterduringaquietspellatwork.)Collocation:duringa…spell 在一段時間內(nèi)a…spellas 作為…的時期aspellofunemployment 失業(yè)期be/come/fallunder 在咒語的支配下；中了咒語undersb.’sspell 被某人迷住14.(Para.3)settleon:fallfromaboveandcometoreston*Whenyouareready,flydowntoEarth;settleonthemoistgreenbanksofarunningstream.(=Asathickfogsettledonthegrounditbecametoodarktoplayoutside.)Pattern:settlefor 對…感到滿足settleon 決定settlewith 同…清理賬目settledownto/into 定下心來15.(Para.3)mysterious:adj.hardtoexplainorunderstand*Thepoliceareinvestigatingthemysteriousdeathsofchildrenatthehospital.一個神秘的捐助人提供了這筆錢。(=Amysteriousbenefactorprovidedthemoney.)16.(Para.3)malady:n.anillness;aseriousproblem*Between1937and1941hediscovereddrugswhichmitigated(緩和)theworstsymptomsofthesemaladies.暴力犯罪是為害現(xiàn)代社會的弊病之一。(=Violentcrimeisoneofthemaladiesaffectingmodernsociety.)17.(Para.3)flock:n.agroupofbirds,sheeporgoats*Naturallytheshepherdswhohadbroughttheirflocksacrossmustknowthesafestroute.一群鳥飛過來,打獵開始了。(=Aflockofbirdscomesover,andthehuntingstarts.)CF:flock,herd&swarm這三個名詞都有“群”之意。flock主要指鳥群、羊群，也指較小的動物群，也可指人群。例如：Aflockofcustomerswerewaitingforthestoretoopen.一群顧客在等候著商店開門。herd一般指大動物的群，尤指家畜的群，也可指人群。例如：Shedrovetheherdofcattlethroughthewilderness.她趕著牛群穿過荒野。swarm通常指蜜蜂、昆蟲等的群。例如：Aswarmofantsaremovingbusily.一群螞蟻正在忙碌地搬家。18.(Para.3)puzzle:v.make(sb.)worryandthinkhard*Hepuzzledhisbrainstofindananswer.(=Shewasstillpuzzlingoverthisproblemwhenshereachedtheoffice.)19.(Para.3)stricken:adj.seriouslyaffectedbyadiseaseoradifficultsituation*Firebrokeoutonthestrickenship.食物和藥品被迅速運往受災(zāi)的城市。(=Suppliesoffoodandmedicinewererushedtothestrickencity.)NB:stricken是strike的過去分詞，意為“被打中的,受了傷的;被侵害的;受…之苦的”；（作定語或構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞）意為“受災(zāi)的,遇難的;患病的;受罪的;愁苦的;衰老的;受了創(chuàng)傷的”。例如：bestrickenwithpoverty（受貧困的折磨），astrickenarea（災(zāi)區(qū)），poverty-stricken（貧窮不堪的）。20.(Para.4)desert:vt.abandon*HisfatherhaddesertedthefamilywhenGrahamwasthreeyearsold.他遺棄妻女，返回了英格蘭。(=HedesertedhiswifeanddaughterandwentbacktoEngland.)CF:desert,abandon&giveup這兩個動詞和一個詞組均含“拋棄、放棄”之意。desert著重指違背法律責(zé)任和義務(wù)，或自己的信仰與誓言的行為，多含非難的意味。abandon強調(diào)永遠或完全放棄或拋棄人或事物等，這可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。giveup普通用語，強調(diào)指沒有希望或因外界壓力而放棄。(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Manyoftheparty'straditionalvoters_____itatthelastelection.(=deserted)2.Badhabitsarenoteasily_______.(=givenup)3.Wehadto____thecarandwalktherestoftheway.(=abandon)4.Thefamilyrefusedto____anyoftheirland.(=giveup)5.MrsHasanwas_____byherhusbandandhadtosupportfourchildrenonherown.(=deserted)6.Becauseofthefogthey______theirideaofdriving.(=abandoned)21.(Para.4)scoresof:alargenumberof*Scoresofreportersgatheredoutsidethecourthouse.那里有好多人,也許有80個或者更多。(=Therearescoresofpeoplethere,maybeeightyormore.)22.(Para.5)belinedwith:haverowsofsth.alongthesidesThestreetwaslinedwithsmallshops.(=Theroadislinedwithpeoplewavingflags.)Collocation:abovetheline （財政）日常支出的belowtheline （財政）資本支出的bringsomeone/thingintoline 使符合，使一致comeintoline 一致23.(Para.7)patch:n.anareathatisdifferentfromwhatsurroundsit*Inoticedapatchofdirtinthemiddleoftherug.這只狗的皮毛白色中帶有黑斑。(=Thedog'scoatiswhitewithblackpatches.)24.(Para.8)silence:vt.bringtosilence,putastopto*ShewassilencedbytheInspector'ssternlook.該隊的表現(xiàn)使愛挑他們毛病的人啞口無言。(=Theteam'sperformancesilencedtheircritics.)Collocation：insilence 安靜地，無聲地silenceisgolden (諺)沉默是金；什么話不說為好25.(Para.9)counterpart:n.apersonorthingthathasthesamepositionorfunctionasanotherinadifferentplaceorsituation*BelgianofficialsarediscussingthiswiththeirFrenchcounterparts.(=Thesalesdirectorphonedhercounterpartintheotherfirm.) 26.(Para.9)misfortune:n.badluck*Theprojectwasdoggedbymisfortune.她不幸摔斷了腿。(=Shehadthemisfortunetobreakherleg.)CF:misfortune,disaster&calamity這三個名詞均表示“災(zāi)難”或“不幸”之意。misfortune普通用詞，多批較為嚴(yán)重的不幸，強調(diào)不幸多由外界因素所致。disaster普通用詞，指大破壞、痛苦或傷亡。calamity多指個人的不幸，比disaster嚴(yán)重，強調(diào)災(zāi)難引起的悲痛以及對于損失的感覺。(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Natural_____suchasfloodsandearthquakesarecommonoccurrencesinCalifornia.(=disasters)2.Itwillbea______forfarmersifthecropsfailedagain.(=calamity)3.Her____worsenedthisyear,whenhercompanyeliminatedherpositionandshelostherjob.(=misfortunes)4.Theirexpeditionnearlyendedin____,whenoneoftheclimbersslidoffthemountain.(=disaster)5.______nevercomesingle.(=Misfortunes)27.(Para.9)tragedy:n.averysadeventthatcausespeopletodieorsuffer*Investigatorsstilldonotknowwhatcausedthetragedy,whichkilledall278peopleonboard.(=Thetragedyhappenedastheywerereturninghomefromanightout.)TextBⅡ.LanguageStudy1.(Para.1)Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth'svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.(=在很大程度上，地球上動植物的外表形態(tài)和習(xí)慣是環(huán)境塑造的。)2.(Para.1)span:n.theamountoftimethatsth.lasts;thedistancebetweenthesupportsofanarchorabridge*TherecordsettingSutongBridgelinkingSuzhouandNantong,withamainspanof1,088meters,cutsajourneyfromShanghaiHongqiaoInternationalAirporttoNantong人類在整個生命周期里的行為是在不斷變化的。(=Humanbehaviorcontinuestochangethroughoutthe.)3.(Para.1)Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime,theoppositeeffect…h(huán)asbeenrelativelyslight.Paraphrasethesentence.(=Whenyousurveythelonghistoryoftheworlditisraretofindanimalsandplantsalteringtheirenvironmentratherthanbeingalteredbyit.)4.(Para.1)slight:n.smallinsize,amountordegree*Mondaymorningsawaslightincreaseintraffic.我們的計劃有細(xì)微的變化。 (=Therehasbeenaslightchangetoourplan.)5.(Para.1)significant:adj.verylargeornoticeable;veryimportant. *Describeasignificanteventinyourlifethathasinfluencedyourfutureplans.你今天的成功對你的整個未來可能是重要的。(=Yoursuccesstodaymaybesignificantforyourwholefuture.)6.(Para.1)alter:vt.makeorbecomedifferent*Youneedtohaveyourdressalteredtofityouperfectly.建議你每三個月變換一下密碼。 (=You’resuggestedtoalteryourpasswordseverythreemonths.)7.(Para.1)Onlywithinthemomentoftimerepresentedbythepresentcenturyhasonespecies—man—acquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.(=只是在本世紀(jì)為代表的一瞬間，一個物種——人——才取得了改變其所處世界的性質(zhì)的舉足輕重的力量。)8.(Para.2)forthemostpart:inmostcases,generally*TheNewDealwas,forthemostpart,phenomenallysuccessful,buttherearemanywaysitcouldhavegonefurtherorbeenbetterorganized.大多數(shù)旅客是返鄉(xiāng)過春節(jié)的打工者。(=ThetravelersareforthemostpartmigrantworkersreturningtotheirhometownsfortheSpringFestival.)9.(Para.2)lodge:vi.becomefixedorstucksomewhere *Abullethaslodgedinmyjaw.那景象嵌入了她的腦海。(=Theimagehadlodgedinhermind.)10.(Para.2)takeup:assume;occupy*Manycelebritieshavetakenupworkingforgreenenvironmentalawarenesscauses.這件事占用我所有的注意力。(=Thisthingtakesupallmyattention.) 11.(Para.2)spray:1.v.force(aliquid)outofacontainerthroughanopeningintotheair*Twomenonamotorcycleusedwaterpistolstosprayacidongirlswalkingtoschool.許多商家已把“圣誕快樂”一詞噴上了櫥窗。(=Thewords“MerryChristmas”havebeensprayedontomanyshopwindows.)2.n.liquidpreparationtobeappliedintheformofspraythroughanatomizerorotherapparatus*Thespraystartstocutdownonmosquitoesafterthreedays.如果使用過多的發(fā)膠，頭發(fā)看起來會僵硬不自然。(=Thehairwilllookunnaturallystiffiftoomuchhairsprayisused.)12.(Para.2)creation:n.theactofcreating;sth.created*Thecreationoftheuniverseissaidtobetheresultofthe“BigBang”.在經(jīng)濟不景氣的時期，政府側(cè)重于創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機會。(=Intimesofeconomicrecessiongovernmentsfocusmoreonjobcreation.)13.(Para.3)hostile:adj.unfriendly*ThesurfaceandsoilofMarsarehostiletolife.沒有什么可以在如此惡劣的環(huán)境下完成。 (=Nothingcanbeaccomplishedinsuchahostileenvironment.)14.(Para.3)giveout:produce,emit*Whensheisreadingshegivesoutgigglesfromtimetotime.雞湯散發(fā)出不錯的氣味。 (=Thechickensoupgivesoutanicesmell.)15.(Para.3)injure:vt.hurt,causedamageto*Eightpassengerswereinjuredbadlyinthecrash.運動員在腳踝受傷后不得不退出比賽。(=Theathletehadtowithdrawfromtheraceafterinjuringhisankle.)16.(Para.4)Therapidityofchangeandthespeedwithwhichnewsituationsarecreatedfollowtherashandheedlesspaceofmanratherthanthedeliberatepaceofnature.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.(=如今變化的快捷，以及產(chǎn)生新情況的速度，跟隨的是人類魯莽的步伐而不是大自然的從容節(jié)奏。)17.(Para.4)deliberate:adj.slowandcareful*Hetalksinameasuredtonewithcareful,deliberatewording,pausingattimestoletwhathewassayingsinkin. 這位老人不慌不忙地站了起來,然后離開了房間。(=Theoldmanstoodupinaverydeliberatewayandlefttheroom.)18.(Para.4)interfere:vi.deliberatelybecomeinvolvedinasituationandtrytoinfluencethewayitdevelops*Chinawon’tinterfereinothercountries’domesticaffairs.昨天晚上，該衛(wèi)星電視信號幾次受到干擾。(=ThesatelliteTVsignalwasinterferedwithseveraltimeslastnight.)19.(Para.5)Toadjusttothesechemicalswouldrequiretimeonthescalet