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Date:12/15/2022RAIDFundamentalDate:12/14/2022RAIDFundament2AgendaHardDriveBasicsWhatIsStorageRAIDBasicsRAIDSubsystemBasicsInfortrendStorage2AgendaHardDriveBasicsInfortrendConfidentialHardDriveBasicsInfortrendConfidentialHardDrInfortrendConfidentialHardDriveBasicsTopView(CoverOpened)ArmPlatterSpindleMotorDrive

ChassisArmMotor&ControlsCylinderSectorRead/WriteHeadsSideView(Platters,SpindleandArm)EnlargedView(PlatterSurface)PlatterSpindleMotorArmInfortrendConfidentialHardDrInfortrendConfidentialDriveCapacityCalculationsCylinder,Head,Sector(C/H/S)VirtualCylinder/Head/SectorcountsprovidedbydrivesMaynot100%closetotheactualcapacityCertainoperatingsystemsstilluseC/H/SEachSectoris512BytesDriveCapacity=512BytesxSectorsxCylindersxHeadsLogicalBlockAddress(LBA)TotalblockcountsprovidedbydrivesActualusefulcapacityMostoftheoperatingsystemssupportLBAEachBlockis512BytesDriveCapacity=512BytesxLBAInfortrendConfidentialDriveCInfortrendConfidentialOtherDriveTerminologiesRPMDrivemotorspeed.Usually4500,5400,7200,10000or15000rpmDriveswithfastermotorspeedcanprovidefasterperformanceCacheWrite-backcachecanprovidefasterperformanceWrite-throughcacheensuresnocacheddatalostwhenpowerfailsMTBFandDutyCycleMTBFcomparisonshouldconsiderDutyCycleHigherDutyCycledrivesismorereliablewhenusinginRAIDInfortrendConfidentialOtherDWrite-BackandWrite-ThroughCacheWrite-ThroughWrite-BackWriteReadWrite1.Hostwritesdataintocache.2.Writecompleted.Hostdoesnothavetowaitformedium.3.Writecacheddatatomediuminoptimisedorder.(involvedlatencytimes)CachePoolDataHostMedium1.Hostwritesdatatomediumandkeepincachepoolforfutureread.2.Writecompletedwhendatahaswrittenonmedium.(Waitformedium,latencytimeinvolved)1.Hostreaddatafromcache.Ifdataisincachepool,readfromcache.(Noneedtowaitformedium)2.Ifdataisnotinthecachepool,readfrommedium,andkeepincacheforfutureuse.CachePoolDataHostMediumCachePoolDataHostMediumWrite-BackandWrite-ThroughCInfortrendConfidentialWhatisstorageInfortrendConfidentialWhatisWhatisStorage?Deviceswhichprovidecapacityforhost9ExternalRAIDSystem(Storage)SwitchHBA;HostBusAdapterReaddataorWritedatafromHosttoRAIDsystemWhatisStorage?DeviceswhichInfortrendConfidentialRAIDBasicsInfortrendConfidentialRAIDBa11WhatisRAID?RedundantArrayofInexpensiveDisks(RAID)Consolidatedalldisksintoahuge,fast,andprotecteddiskDiskDrives=Controller+11WhatisRAID?RedundantArray12RAIDBenefits:DataAvailabilityWithoutRAIDIfaharddrivefails,alldataislost!WithRAIDWhendrivefailsDataisstillintact12RAIDBenefits:DataAvailabi13RAIDBenefits:StorageCapacityWithoutRAIDDriveCapacity=Singleharddrivecapacity1WithRAIDDriveCapacity=NxSingleharddrivecapacityNdrives……N(InexampleofRAID0)13RAIDBenefits:StorageCapac14RAIDBenefits:PerformancePerformance@NxSingleDrivePerformanceTotalrequestexecutiontimeWithRAIDI/O1I/O2I/O1I/O2(Disk1)(Disk2)TimeSavedWithoutRAID(InexampleofRAID0)SoftwaresetupAccessTimeDataTransferSoftwareCompletion14RAIDBenefits:PerformancePe15RAIDLevelsNRAIDRAID0RAID1RAID3RAID5RAID615RAIDLevelsNRAID16RAIDBasics–JBODDisk1Disk2Disk3HostLUNDisk4Disk5Disk6Disk1Disk2Disk3Disk4Disk5Disk616RAIDBasics–JBODDisk1Disk17RAIDBasics–NRAID(DiskSpanning)N654321Disk1N+6N+5N+4N+3N+2N+1N+N’Disk2N+N’+6N+N’+5N+N’+4N+N’+3N+N’+2N+N’+1N+N’+N’’Disk3Disk1hasNBlocksDisk2hasN’BlocksDisk3hasN’’BlocksN+N’+N’’N+N’+1N+N’N+3N+2N+1N321HostLUNDisk1NBlocksDisk2N’BlocksDisk3N’’Blocks17RAIDBasics–NRAID(DiskSp18RAIDBasics–RAID0(DiskStriping)3N-2161310741Disk11714118523N-1Disk21815129633NDisk3NBlocksStriping3N1110987654321HostLUN18RAIDBasics–RAID0(DiskS19RAIDBasics–RAID1(DiskMirroring)N654321Disk1M(6)M(5)M(4)M(3)M(2)M(1)M(N)Disk2NBlocksMirrorN1110987654321HostLUN19RAIDBasics–RAID1(DiskM20RAIDBasics–RAID3

(DiskStripingwithDedicatedParityDisk)2N-11197531Disk1121086422NDisk2P(11,12)P(9,10)P(7,8)P(5,6)P(3,4)P(1,2)P(2N-1,2N)Disk3NBlocksStripingDedicatedParityDisk2N1110987654321HostLUN20RAIDBasics–RAID3

(Disk21RAIDBasics–RAID5

(DiskStripingwithInterspersedParityDisk)P(2N-1,2N)1110P(7,8)54P(1,2)Disk112P(9,10)76P(3,4)12N-1Disk2P(11,12)98P(5,6)322NDisk3NBlocksStripingwithinterspersedparity2N1110987654321HostLUN21RAIDBasics–RAID5

(Disk22RAIDBasics–RAID6

(DiskStripingwithTwoInterspersedParityDisk)741Parity52QParity38QParity96QHostLUN98765432122RAIDBasics–RAID6

(Disk23RAIDBasics–RAID10(RAID0+1)Striping2N-17531Disk1M(7)M(5)M(3)M(1)M(2N-1)Disk2MirrorRAID1LogicalDrive86422NDisk3M(8)M(6)M(4)M(2)M(2N)Disk4MirrorRAID1LogicalDrive2N1110987654321HostLUN23RAIDBasics–RAID10(RAID24RAIDBasics–RAID30951Disk11173Disk2P(9,11)P(5,7)P(1,3)Disk3StripingRAID3LogicalDrive1062Disk41284Disk5P(10,12)P(6,8)P(2,4)Disk6RAID3LogicalDrive4N1110987654321HostLUN24RAIDBasics–RAID30951Disk25RAIDBasics–RAID5097P(1,3)Disk111P(5,7)1Disk2P(9,11)53Disk3StripingRAID5LogicalDrive108P(2,4)Disk412P(6,8)2Disk5P(10,12)64Disk6RAID5LogicalDrive4N1110987654321HostLUN25RAIDBasics–RAID5097P(1,326MixingDriveswithDifferentCapacityDisk1Disk2Disk3Disk4Disk5Disk6MaximumCommonCapacity(Amongallmemberdrives)26MixingDriveswithDifferent27RAIDParityandXORAXORB=PBXORP=AAXORP=BA”A’ADisk1B”B’BDisk2P(A”,B”)P(A’,B’)P(A,B)Disk3A”B’P(A,B)Disk1B”P(A’,B’)ADisk2P(A”,B”)A’BDisk3RAID3RAID5OneDriveFailedOneDriveFailedA”A’ADisk1B”B’BDisk2P(A”,B”)P(A’,B’)P(A,B)Disk3A”B’P(A,B)Disk1B”P(A’,B’)ADisk2P(A”,B”)A’BDisk3RAID3RAID5RebuildDataRebuildData27RAIDParityandXORAXORB=28Terminologies–Physical&LogicalDrivesPhysicalDrivesLogicalDrives(LD)(RAIDDiskGroup)LD0LD1LD2GlobalSpareLocalSpare28Terminologies–Physical&L29Terminologies–LogicalVolumesLogicalDrivesLD0LD1LD2LV0LV1LogicalVolumes(LV)InESVA,it’salsocalledPoolLD0(R5)+LD1(R5)=LV0(R50)29Terminologies–LogicalVolu30Terminologies–Partitions,HostLUNMappingsTerm.Term.LD0LV1LogicalVolumes-PartitionsPartition0Partition1Partition0Partition1Partition2MapHostIDs/LUNsID0ID1ID2LUN0LUN1LUN0HBAID7LUN0LUN1ForEonStoronly30Terminologies–Partitions,InfortrendConfidentialRAIDSubsystemBasicsInfortrendConfidentialRAIDSu32StorageArchitectureDAS(DirectAttachedStorage)InternalDASExternalDASSAN(StorageAreaNetwork)FCSANiSCSISAN32StorageArchitectureDAS(Dir33DAS(DirectAttachedStorage)AexternalstoragesystemdirectlyattachedtoaserverwithoutastoragenetworkinbetweenInterfaceiSCSI,SAS,FC,PCI-EBlock-LevelaccessInternalDASExternalDAS33DAS(DirectAttachedStorage34SAN(StorageAttachedNetwork)AnetworkofstoragedevicesthatcanbeaccessedbymultipleserversInterfaceFC,iSCSI,FCoE,InfinibandStorageSystemBlock-levelaccessApplicationServerApplicationServerApplicationServerSwitch34SAN(StorageAttachedNetworStorageArchitectureOverallWideinterfaceoptionstosupportdifferentconsolidationrequirementsSAScablesEthernetcablesEthernetswitchFCcablesFCSwitchSASAffordablestoragesharingEasycablingGreatperformanceLow-costSANNospecialstoragemanagementexpertiserequiredExtensivereachiSCSIFCProventechnologyHighperformanceandreliabilityGreatperformanceStorageArchitectureOverallWi36FCSANvs.IPSANFCSANIPSANPerformanceHighLowTCOHighLowManagerExpertiseHighLowHostComponentsFCHBAiSCSIHBAorNIC+softwareinitiatorsNetworkingComponentsFCSwitchFCcablesEthernetswitchEthernetcablesStorageComponentsFC-hostStorageiSCSI-hostStorage36FCSANvs.IPSANFCSANIPSInfortrendConfidentialInfortrendstorage

EonStor/EonStorDS/ESVAInfortrendConfidentialInfortrInfortrendDevelopingItems38MechanicalDesignIDdesignDrop/VibrationsolutionThermalsolutionEMI/SafetysolutionPackingdesignSoftwareDesignRAIDManagementsoftwaredesignApplicationrelateddesign(agents,driversandutilities)FirmwareDesignRAIDkerneldesignI/OdataprocessingdesignAdd-onfunctionsdesign(ex.DataService)HardwareDesignSystemArchitecturedesignCircuitdesignPCBLayoutSignalIntegritysolutionEMIsolutionRAIDControllerRAIDSubsystemHostInfortrendDevelopingItems3839InfortrendRAIDProductFamilyPositioningEntry-levelDASandSANstorageforSMBsMid-rangeSANstorageforenterprisesHostconnectivityFCoriSCSIorSASFCoriSCSIMax.drives360(MaxforDS3000series)4,800(Scale-outwithmax12systems)HighlightsUser-friendlymanagementCacheSafetechnologyDataServices(EonStorDS)SnapshotVolumecopy/mirrorThin-provisioningStorageTiering7*24globalserviceStoragevirtualizationScale-outarchitectureforperformanceandcapacityFullfunctionDataServicesSuperiorSPC-1performance7*24globalserviceSpecializedpartnerportalandsupportsystem39InfortrendRAIDProductFami40EonStorDSvs.EonStorHostinterface:FC,iSCSI,SASDrives:SAS,SATA,2.5”SATAFormfactor:1U–4USnapshotVolumeCopy/MirrorThin-provisioningStorageTieringNon-disruptiveLUNExpansionDS:DataService40EonStorDSvs.EonStorHostiESVA:Mid-rangeStorage41ESVA:EnterpriseScalableVirtualizedArchitectureTargetedonmiddlerangestoragemarketEquippedadvancedScale-upandScale-outcapabilitiesDesignedbasedonStorageVirtualizationtechnologyESVAESVAJBODJBODESVAESVAESVAJBODJBODJBODPerformanceCapacityESVA:Mid-rangeStorage41ESVA:InfortrendConfidentialInsideRAIDSubsystem–RearView3U16-BaySubsystemPSUFANRAIDPSUFANDrivePlaneDiskDrivesRAID*Controllers*RedundantControllersisavailableonA16F-RModelsInfortrendConfidentialInside43Q&A43Q&A演講完畢，謝謝觀看！演講完畢，謝謝觀看！Date:12/15/2022RAIDFundamentalDate:12/14/2022RAIDFundament46AgendaHardDriveBasicsWhatIsStorageRAIDBasicsRAIDSubsystemBasicsInfortrendStorage2AgendaHardDriveBasicsInfortrendConfidentialHardDriveBasicsInfortrendConfidentialHardDrInfortrendConfidentialHardDriveBasicsTopView(CoverOpened)ArmPlatterSpindleMotorDrive

ChassisArmMotor&ControlsCylinderSectorRead/WriteHeadsSideView(Platters,SpindleandArm)EnlargedView(PlatterSurface)PlatterSpindleMotorArmInfortrendConfidentialHardDrInfortrendConfidentialDriveCapacityCalculationsCylinder,Head,Sector(C/H/S)VirtualCylinder/Head/SectorcountsprovidedbydrivesMaynot100%closetotheactualcapacityCertainoperatingsystemsstilluseC/H/SEachSectoris512BytesDriveCapacity=512BytesxSectorsxCylindersxHeadsLogicalBlockAddress(LBA)TotalblockcountsprovidedbydrivesActualusefulcapacityMostoftheoperatingsystemssupportLBAEachBlockis512BytesDriveCapacity=512BytesxLBAInfortrendConfidentialDriveCInfortrendConfidentialOtherDriveTerminologiesRPMDrivemotorspeed.Usually4500,5400,7200,10000or15000rpmDriveswithfastermotorspeedcanprovidefasterperformanceCacheWrite-backcachecanprovidefasterperformanceWrite-throughcacheensuresnocacheddatalostwhenpowerfailsMTBFandDutyCycleMTBFcomparisonshouldconsiderDutyCycleHigherDutyCycledrivesismorereliablewhenusinginRAIDInfortrendConfidentialOtherDWrite-BackandWrite-ThroughCacheWrite-ThroughWrite-BackWriteReadWrite1.Hostwritesdataintocache.2.Writecompleted.Hostdoesnothavetowaitformedium.3.Writecacheddatatomediuminoptimisedorder.(involvedlatencytimes)CachePoolDataHostMedium1.Hostwritesdatatomediumandkeepincachepoolforfutureread.2.Writecompletedwhendatahaswrittenonmedium.(Waitformedium,latencytimeinvolved)1.Hostreaddatafromcache.Ifdataisincachepool,readfromcache.(Noneedtowaitformedium)2.Ifdataisnotinthecachepool,readfrommedium,andkeepincacheforfutureuse.CachePoolDataHostMediumCachePoolDataHostMediumWrite-BackandWrite-ThroughCInfortrendConfidentialWhatisstorageInfortrendConfidentialWhatisWhatisStorage?Deviceswhichprovidecapacityforhost53ExternalRAIDSystem(Storage)SwitchHBA;HostBusAdapterReaddataorWritedatafromHosttoRAIDsystemWhatisStorage?DeviceswhichInfortrendConfidentialRAIDBasicsInfortrendConfidentialRAIDBa55WhatisRAID?RedundantArrayofInexpensiveDisks(RAID)Consolidatedalldisksintoahuge,fast,andprotecteddiskDiskDrives=Controller+11WhatisRAID?RedundantArray56RAIDBenefits:DataAvailabilityWithoutRAIDIfaharddrivefails,alldataislost!WithRAIDWhendrivefailsDataisstillintact12RAIDBenefits:DataAvailabi57RAIDBenefits:StorageCapacityWithoutRAIDDriveCapacity=Singleharddrivecapacity1WithRAIDDriveCapacity=NxSingleharddrivecapacityNdrives……N(InexampleofRAID0)13RAIDBenefits:StorageCapac58RAIDBenefits:PerformancePerformance@NxSingleDrivePerformanceTotalrequestexecutiontimeWithRAIDI/O1I/O2I/O1I/O2(Disk1)(Disk2)TimeSavedWithoutRAID(InexampleofRAID0)SoftwaresetupAccessTimeDataTransferSoftwareCompletion14RAIDBenefits:PerformancePe59RAIDLevelsNRAIDRAID0RAID1RAID3RAID5RAID615RAIDLevelsNRAID60RAIDBasics–JBODDisk1Disk2Disk3HostLUNDisk4Disk5Disk6Disk1Disk2Disk3Disk4Disk5Disk616RAIDBasics–JBODDisk1Disk61RAIDBasics–NRAID(DiskSpanning)N654321Disk1N+6N+5N+4N+3N+2N+1N+N’Disk2N+N’+6N+N’+5N+N’+4N+N’+3N+N’+2N+N’+1N+N’+N’’Disk3Disk1hasNBlocksDisk2hasN’BlocksDisk3hasN’’BlocksN+N’+N’’N+N’+1N+N’N+3N+2N+1N321HostLUNDisk1NBlocksDisk2N’BlocksDisk3N’’Blocks17RAIDBasics–NRAID(DiskSp62RAIDBasics–RAID0(DiskStriping)3N-2161310741Disk11714118523N-1Disk21815129633NDisk3NBlocksStriping3N1110987654321HostLUN18RAIDBasics–RAID0(DiskS63RAIDBasics–RAID1(DiskMirroring)N654321Disk1M(6)M(5)M(4)M(3)M(2)M(1)M(N)Disk2NBlocksMirrorN1110987654321HostLUN19RAIDBasics–RAID1(DiskM64RAIDBasics–RAID3

(DiskStripingwithDedicatedParityDisk)2N-11197531Disk1121086422NDisk2P(11,12)P(9,10)P(7,8)P(5,6)P(3,4)P(1,2)P(2N-1,2N)Disk3NBlocksStripingDedicatedParityDisk2N1110987654321HostLUN20RAIDBasics–RAID3

(Disk65RAIDBasics–RAID5

(DiskStripingwithInterspersedParityDisk)P(2N-1,2N)1110P(7,8)54P(1,2)Disk112P(9,10)76P(3,4)12N-1Disk2P(11,12)98P(5,6)322NDisk3NBlocksStripingwithinterspersedparity2N1110987654321HostLUN21RAIDBasics–RAID5

(Disk66RAIDBasics–RAID6

(DiskStripingwithTwoInterspersedParityDisk)741Parity52QParity38QParity96QHostLUN98765432122RAIDBasics–RAID6

(Disk67RAIDBasics–RAID10(RAID0+1)Striping2N-17531Disk1M(7)M(5)M(3)M(1)M(2N-1)Disk2MirrorRAID1LogicalDrive86422NDisk3M(8)M(6)M(4)M(2)M(2N)Disk4MirrorRAID1LogicalDrive2N1110987654321HostLUN23RAIDBasics–RAID10(RAID68RAIDBasics–RAID30951Disk11173Disk2P(9,11)P(5,7)P(1,3)Disk3StripingRAID3LogicalDrive1062Disk41284Disk5P(10,12)P(6,8)P(2,4)Disk6RAID3LogicalDrive4N1110987654321HostLUN24RAIDBasics–RAID30951Disk69RAIDBasics–RAID5097P(1,3)Disk111P(5,7)1Disk2P(9,11)53Disk3StripingRAID5LogicalDrive108P(2,4)Disk412P(6,8)2Disk5P(10,12)64Disk6RAID5LogicalDrive4N1110987654321HostLUN25RAIDBasics–RAID5097P(1,370MixingDriveswithDifferentCapacityDisk1Disk2Disk3Disk4Disk5Disk6MaximumCommonCapacity(Amongallmemberdrives)26MixingDriveswithDifferent71RAIDParityandXORAXORB=PBXORP=AAXORP=BA”A’ADisk1B”B’BDisk2P(A”,B”)P(A’,B’)P(A,B)Disk3A”B’P(A,B)Disk1B”P(A’,B’)ADisk2P(A”,B”)A’BDisk3RAID3RAID5OneDriveFailedOneDriveFailedA”A’ADisk1B”B’BDisk2P(A”,B”)P(A’,B’)P(A,B)Disk3A”B’P(A,B)Disk1B”P(A’,B’)ADisk2P(A”,B”)A’BDisk3RAID3RAID5RebuildDataRebuildData27RAIDParityandXORAXORB=72Terminologies–Physical&LogicalDrivesPhysicalDrivesLogicalDrives(LD)(RAIDDiskGroup)LD0LD1LD2GlobalSpareLocalSpare28Terminologies–Physical&L73Terminologies–LogicalVolumesLogicalDrivesLD0LD1LD2LV0LV1LogicalVolumes(LV)InESVA,it’salsocalledPoolLD0(R5)+LD1(R5)=LV0(R50)29Terminologies–LogicalVolu74Terminologies–Partitions,HostLUNMappingsTerm.Term.LD0LV1LogicalVolumes-PartitionsPartition0Partition1Partition0Partition1Partition2MapHostIDs/LUNsID0ID1ID2LUN0LUN1LUN0HBAID7LUN0LUN1ForEonStoronly30Terminologies–Partitions,InfortrendConfidentialRAIDSubsystemBasicsInfortrendConfidentialRAIDSu76StorageArchitectureDAS(DirectAttachedStorage)InternalDASExternalDASSAN(StorageAreaNetwork)FCSANiSCSISAN32StorageArchitectureDAS(Dir77DAS(DirectAttachedStorage)AexternalstoragesystemdirectlyattachedtoaserverwithoutastoragenetworkinbetweenInterfaceiSCSI,SAS,FC,PCI-EBlock-LevelaccessInternalDASExternalDAS33DAS(DirectAttachedStorage78SAN(StorageAttachedNetwork)AnetworkofstoragedevicesthatcanbeaccessedbymultipleserversInterfaceFC,iSCSI,FCoE,InfinibandStorageSystemBlock-levelaccessApplicationServerApplicationServerApplicationServerSwitch34SAN(StorageAttachedNetworStorageArchitectureOverallWideinterfaceoptionstosupportdifferentconsolidationrequirementsSAScablesEthernetcablesEthernetswitchFCcablesFCSwitchSASAffordablestoragesharingEasycablingGreatperformanceLow-costSANNospecialstoragemanagementexpertiserequiredExtensivereachiSCSIFCProventechnologyHighperformanceandreliabilityGreatperformanceStorageArchitectureOverallWi80FCSANvs.IPSANFCSANIPSANPerformanceHighLowTCOHighLowManagerExpertiseHighLowHostComponentsFCHBAiSCSIHBAorNIC+softwareinitiatorsNetworkingComponentsFCSwitchFCcablesEthernetswitchEthernetcablesStorageComponentsFC-hostStorageiSCSI-