chp16網(wǎng)關(guān)冗余和負載平衡

16關(guān)冗余和負載平STP負載平衡，以充分利用設(shè)備的能力，GLBP16.1關(guān)冗余和負載平衡簡16.1.1HSRPCiscoHSRP（HotStandby16關(guān)冗余和負載平STP負載平衡，以充分利用設(shè)備的能力，GLBP16.1關(guān)冗余和負載平衡簡16.1.1HSRPCiscoHSRP（HotStandby（ActiveHSRPOO包，就認為活動路由器故障，備份路由器就會成為活動路由器。HSRP100OCoup：當一個備用路由器變?yōu)橐粋€活動路由器時發(fā)送一個coup消息Resign：當活動路由器要宕機或者當有優(yōu)先級更高的路由器發(fā)Learn：路由器已經(jīng)得到了虛擬IP地址，但是它既不是活動路由器也不是備份路OListen：路由器正Speak：在該狀態(tài)下，路由器定期發(fā)Standby：當活動路由器失效時路由器準備接管數(shù)據(jù)傳輸功能Active：路由器執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸功能16.1.2VRRPHSRPVRRP初始狀態(tài)(Initialize)、主狀態(tài)(Master)、備份狀態(tài)(Backup)。VRRP16.1.3負責(zé)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)的是AVF(AvtiveVirtualForwarder)，GLBP會控制GLBPAVG16.1.3負責(zé)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)的是AVF(AvtiveVirtualForwarder)，GLBP會控制GLBPAVG為BackupAVG，GLBP16.21驗?zāi)?驗拓16-1123驗步（1）步驟1：IPerfaceR1(config-if)#ipaddresshttp:/R1(config-if)#ipaddressR1(config)#routerripR1(config-router)#networkR1(config-router)#network//之所以把g0/0erfaceRIPR3erfaceR2(config-if)#ipaddress R2(config-if)#clockR1(config-if)#ipaddressR1(config)#routerripR1(config-router)#networkR1(config-router)#network//之所以把g0/0erfaceRIPR3erfaceR2(config-if)#ipaddress R2(config-if)#clockrateR2(config-if)#ipaddress R2(config-if)#clockrateR2(config-if)#ipaddressR2(config)#routerriperfaceerfaceR3(config-if)#ipaddressR3(config-if)#ipaddressR3(config)#routerripR3(config-router)#networkR3(config-router)#network erface（2）步驟2：erfaceR1(config-if)#standby1ipHSRPIP，1standbyHSRPHSRPR1(config-if)#standby1priorityR1(config-if)#standby1R1(config-if)#standby1timers33Otime，O10HOLDhttp:/R1(config-if)#standby1md5key-string，防 erface1111iptimers310authenticationmd5key-stringhttp:/R1(config-if)#standby1md5key-string，防 erface1111iptimers310authenticationmd5key-string//R2100（3）3：HSRPR1#showstandbybriefPindicatesconfiguredto|erfaceGrpPriP Virtual1120PActive//以上表明R1R3#showstandbyPindicatesconfiguredto|erfaceGrpPriPeVirtual1100PStandby//以上表明R3-tReplyfrom00:bytes=32time=9msTTL=254Replyfrom00:bytes=32time=9msTTL=254Replyfrom00:bytes=32time=9msTTL=254Requesttimedout.Replyfrom00:bytes=32time=9msTTL=254Replyfrom00:bytes=32time=9msTTL=254Replyfrom00:bytes=32time=11msTTL=254Replyfrom00:bytes=32time=9msTTL=254R3#showstandbyPindicates|erfaceGrpPriP Virtual 100PActive店//以上表明R3（4）步驟4：PC1PC3R130//以上表明R3（4）步驟4：PC1PC3R130R1(config-if)#standby1tracks0/0/0（5）步驟5：HSRP2HSRPR1erface11111222ippriority120authenticationmd5key-stringtrackSerial0/0/030ipauthenticationkey-R3erface11122222ipauthenticationmd5ip53priority120authenticationkey-key-trackSerial0/0/0【技術(shù)要點R2，53。這樣，如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)全部正常R1R2http:/IPDHCP【技術(shù)要點】HSRP實際上在局域網(wǎng)用得較多，由于局域網(wǎng)內(nèi)大多使用三層交換機，所以http:/IPDHCP【技術(shù)要點】HSRP實際上在局域網(wǎng)用得較多，由于局域網(wǎng)內(nèi)大多使用三層交換機，所以16.32:1驗?zāi)?驗拓3驗步（1）步驟1：IP（2）步驟2：VRRPR1R1(config)#trackerial0/0/0line-ip54priority120authenticationmd5key-stringciscotrack100decrement30ipauthenticationmd5key-string11111222中R3erial0/0/0line-ip54authenticationmd5key-stringciscoip53priority120authenticationmd5key-string1112222店R3(config-if)#vrrp2track100decrementR1#showGrpPriOwnPreeMasteraddrGroupaddr12120100YYR3(config-if)#vrrp2track100decrementR1#showGrpPriOwnPreeMasteraddrGroupaddr12120100YYR3#showGrpPriOwnPreeMasteraddrGroupaddr12100120YYBackup（3）步驟3：HSRP，116.41驗?zāi)?驗拓16-233驗步（1）步驟1：IPerfaceR1(config-if)#ipaddresserfaceR1(config-if)#ipaddresshttp:/R1(config)#routerR1(config-router)#networkR1(config-router)#networkerfaceerfaceR2(config-if)#ipaddresserfaceR2(config-if)#ipaddressR2(config)#routerripR2(config-router)#networkR2(config-router)#networkhttp:/R1(config)#routerR1(config-router)#networkR1(config-router)#networkerfaceerfaceR2(config-if)#ipaddresserfaceR2(config-if)#ipaddressR2(config)#routerripR2(config-router)#networkR2(config-router)#networkerfaceerfaceR3(config-if)#ipaddresserfaceR3(config-if)#ipaddressR3(config)#routerripR3(config-router)#networkR3(config-router)#networkerfaceerface R4(config-if)#ipaddresserfaceR4(config-if)#ipaddressR4(config)#routerripR4(config-router)#networkR4(config-router)#network（2）步驟2：erfaceR1(config-if)#glbp1ipR1(config-if)#glbp1priority200R1(config-if)#glbp1//配置AVGAVGR1(config-if)#glbp1authenticationmd5key-stringciscoip54priorityR2(config-if)#glbpR2(config-if)#glbp店R2(config-if)#glbpR2(config-if)#glbpauthenticationmd5key-ip54priority160authenticationmd5key-1111（3）3：R2(config-if)#glbpR2(config-if)#glbpauthenticationmd5key-ip54priority160authenticationmd5key-1111（3）3：GLBPR1#showglbpGigabitEthernet0/0-GroupSe4changes,lasteechangeVirtualIPaddressisOtime3sec,holdtime10OsentinRedirecttime600sec,forwardertime-out14400secAuthenticationMD5,key-string"cisco"Preemptionenabled,mindelay0secActiveislocalStandbyis,priority180(expiresin9.892Priority200Weighting100(default100),thresholds:lower1,upper100Loadbalancing:round-robinGroup0019.5535.b548()0019.5535.b828()0019.5566.6320()//以上顯示GLBPThereare3forwarders(1ForwarderSeis4echanges,lastechangeMACaddressis0007.b400.0101OwnerIDisRedirectionenabled,599.984secremaining um600Timetolive:14399.984secum14400Preemptionenabled,mindelay30Activeis(primary),weighting100(expiresin9.984Cntselectioncount:http:/ForwarderSe3echanges,lastechangeMACaddressis0007.b400.0102R1是0007.b400.0102的活動路由器，也就是說如果計算機把數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)往0007.b400.0102，R1OwnerIDis0019.5535.b828RedirectionenabledPreemptionenabled,mindelay30Activeislocal,weightingCntselectioncount:ForwarderSeis2echanges,lasthttp:/ForwarderSe3echanges,lastechangeMACaddressis0007.b400.0102R1是0007.b400.0102的活動路由器，也就是說如果計算機把數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)往0007.b400.0102，R1OwnerIDis0019.5535.b828RedirectionenabledPreemptionenabled,mindelay30Activeislocal,weightingCntselectioncount:ForwarderSeis2echanges,lastechangeMACaddressis0007.b400.0103(learnt)OwnerIDis0019.5566.6320Redirectionenabled,597.980secremaining um600Timetolive:14397.980secum14400Preemptionenabled,mindelay30Activeis(primary),weighting100(expiresin7.980（4）步驟4：GLBPC:\>arp-erface:00---ernetPhysical00-07-b4-00-01-以上表PC1ARP獲得網(wǎng)關(guān)(54)MAC00-07-b4-00-01-01C:\>arp-C:\>arp-erface:00---ernetPhysical00-07-b4-00-01-以上表明PC1的再次ARP請求獲得網(wǎng)關(guān)(54)的MAC為00-07-b4-00-01-02了【提示】默認時GLBP的負載平衡策略是輪詢方式，可以在接口下使用“glbp店load-balancing”命令修改，有以下選項round-robin：ARP（5）步驟5：GLBP首先在PC1上用“arp-a”命令確認54的MAC地址是什么，load-balancing”命令修改，有以下選項round-robin：ARP（5）步驟5：GLBP首先在PC1上用“arp-a”命令確認54的MAC地址是什么，從而確定前究竟是