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整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式PartIIGrammaerandstructure一、題型簡(jiǎn)介全國(guó)高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力考試的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)部分由A節(jié)和B節(jié)兩部分組成。共設(shè)20道題。實(shí)際上包含詞法和句法兩大部分,測(cè)試內(nèi)容主要有句法結(jié)構(gòu)、詞形變化、詞類用法并著重動(dòng)詞用法。二、測(cè)試要點(diǎn)及解題技巧SectionAI.測(cè)試要點(diǎn)從近年對(duì)試卷的分析來(lái)看,語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)A節(jié)部分完全是測(cè)試考生對(duì)大綱中詞匯和短語(yǔ)的理解、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配以及句型的辨認(rèn)。對(duì)于高等職業(yè)教育、高等??平逃统扇烁叩冉逃膹V大考生來(lái)講,在詞法部分應(yīng)特別注意以下4個(gè)方面的問題:一是詞類用法二是時(shí)態(tài)/語(yǔ)態(tài)用法三是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配四是固定句型。II.解題技巧1.仔細(xì)審查題干,判斷測(cè)試點(diǎn),如語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),習(xí)慣用語(yǔ),固定搭配,近義近形詞辨析和短語(yǔ)的使用等。2.依據(jù)題意,做出選擇。3.將所選選項(xiàng)放入題干中,從句意和語(yǔ)法角度對(duì)所選選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),判斷選擇的正確性。SectionBI.測(cè)試要點(diǎn)從近年對(duì)試卷的分析來(lái)看,語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)B節(jié)部分主要測(cè)試考生對(duì)大綱中所列單詞的詞形變化和轉(zhuǎn)換的掌握以及對(duì)句型的掌握和組詞造句的能力。因此,在句法部分應(yīng)當(dāng)養(yǎng)成3個(gè)方面的敏感性:一是對(duì)詞形在不同上下文中變化和轉(zhuǎn)換的敏感性;二是對(duì)組詞造句的敏感性;三是對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣的敏感性。II.解題技巧為了便于學(xué)生掌握解決詞性變化和語(yǔ)法類問題的技巧,現(xiàn)通過圖標(biāo)將其解題步驟展示如下:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),確定考查目的分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),確定考查目的構(gòu)詞法(前后綴)語(yǔ)法 構(gòu)詞法(前后綴)語(yǔ)法通讀句子,理解句意,確定答案根據(jù)空缺前后單詞確定所填單詞詞性從記憶中調(diào)用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)進(jìn)行詞性轉(zhuǎn)換從記憶中調(diào)用所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證確定所給單詞的詞性和意義通讀句子,確定句中的語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)通讀句子,理解句意,確定答案根據(jù)空缺前后單詞確定所填單詞詞性從記憶中調(diào)用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)進(jìn)行詞性轉(zhuǎn)換從記憶中調(diào)用所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證確定所給單詞的詞性和意義通讀句子,確定句中的語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式三、考點(diǎn)突破與專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練SectionA考點(diǎn)解析I.詞匯部分固定搭配固定搭配主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)大綱詞匯表中詞匯及短語(yǔ)的意義,用法,搭配的辨認(rèn)和運(yùn)用能力。常見考點(diǎn)有:1)動(dòng)詞搭配2)名詞搭配3)形容詞搭配4)介詞搭配【樣題示例】(2004年6月)Dinnerwillbeready______________.Let’sgoandwashourhands.AtallB.atleastC.justnowD.rightaway【答案】D【解析】該題考查短語(yǔ)的意思。rightaway:立刻,馬上;Atall根本;atleast:至少;justnow剛才。根據(jù)句意,答案應(yīng)選D。近義詞,近型詞該題型旨在考查學(xué)生辨別同義詞,近義詞以及詞形相近的詞在不同語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)用的能力。【樣題示例】(2005年12月)Shewastalkingabouther_____________asanurseinahospital,whichwehadneverheardbefore.ExpensesB.excusesC.experiencesD.expressions【答案】C【解析】該題考查近形詞辨析。Expenses:花費(fèi);excuse:借口;experienc經(jīng)歷;expressions:表情;本句的意思應(yīng)為“她正在談?wù)撍谝患裔t(yī)院做護(hù)士的經(jīng)歷,這是我們從未聽說過的?!惫蚀鸢笐?yīng)選C。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)該題型主要檢測(cè)學(xué)生是否掌握了大綱要求的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的用法。需要注意的是,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的組成相對(duì)比較固定,可以將其看作是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞來(lái)使用。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)經(jīng)常是由動(dòng)詞和副詞或介詞構(gòu)成,所以這一題型實(shí)際上也是在考查考生對(duì)副詞和介詞的掌握。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中,考生要加強(qiáng)相同動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成意義不同的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)以及由不同動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的意義相近的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的積累和運(yùn)用?!緲宇}示例】(2005年6月)Thebosstoldhissecretaryto______________thedocumentsforlateruse.putawayB.turnonC.makeupD.breakout【答案】A【解析】該題考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞辨析。putaway:把。。。收起來(lái);turnon:打開(某種電器);makeup:編造,化妝;breakout:(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),火災(zāi))突然爆發(fā)。根據(jù)句意:“老板讓他的秘書把文件收好以備日后使用”,應(yīng)選A。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1.JackcalledtheairlinetohisflighttoBeijingthismorning.A.improveB.believeC.confirmD.insure2.Thenewspapertwopeoplewerekilledintheaccident.A.saysB.talksC.callsD.asks3.Wehada(n)withhimaboutthisproblemlastnight.整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式A.explanationB.impressionC.exhibitionD.discussion4.Thehousewassoldfor$60000,whichwasfarmorethanitsreal.A.moneyB.paymentC.valueD.profit5.Thesmallcompanyistohandlethislargeorder.A.ableB.probableC.reasonableD.possible6.Inhisreportoftheaccidenthesomeimportantdetails.A.missedB.wastedC.escapedD.failed7.Sorry,wecannotyouthejobbecauseyoudon'thaveanyworkexperience.A.makeB.sendC.offerD.prepare8.Allthetravelingarepaidbythecompanyifyoutravelonbusiness.A.chargesB.moneyC.pricesD.expenses9.Myimpressionoftheserviceinthehotelwasthatithadreally.A.improvedB.impliedC.importedD.imagined10.You'dbetteradvicebeforemakingaprojectplan.A.putdownB.takeinC.turnoutD.askfor11.Theyhadtogiveuptheplanbecausetheyhadmoney.A.comeuptoB.gotalongwithC.runoutofD.takenchargeof12.Toobtainavisatoenterthatcountryforthefirsttime,youneedtoapply.A.inpartB.inpersonC.inturnD.inplace13.Thedepartmentmanageranewplantopromotesalesatthemeeting.A.tookawayB.putforwardC.lookedafterD.goton14.ImyformermanagerwhenIwasonaflighttoBeijing.A.ranintoB.putonC.tookawayD.shutdown15.Theworkseemedeasyatfirstbutittobequitedifficult.A.brokeoutB.turnedoutC.workedoutD.setout16.We'regoingtothetaskthatwehaven'tfinished.A.takeawayB.carryonC.getontoD.keepoff17.Thesalesdepartmentwasrequiredtoaplaninthreeweeks.A.turnupB.getupC.comeupwithD.putupwith18.writingalettertothemanager,hedecidedtotalktohiminperson.A.DuetoB.BecauseofC.AsforD.Insteadof19.IwaslatefortheinterviewbecausethebusonthewaytoLondon.A.gotoffB.broughtinC.keptoffD.brokedown20.Thedepartmentmanageranewplantopromotesalesatthemeeting.A.tookawayB.putforwardC.lookedafterD.gotonII.語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)題主要考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài),虛擬語(yǔ)氣,復(fù)合句與并列句,句型結(jié)構(gòu),形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí),最高級(jí)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞和分詞。該部分在語(yǔ)法測(cè)試中所占比重最大,是重點(diǎn)考試內(nèi)容。常見考點(diǎn)歸納如下:1.動(dòng)詞不定式(1)動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)例句動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+to+do(該類動(dòng)詞有:allow,ask,want,tell,invite,force,permit,persuade等)Sheaskedmetogobackhomeatonce.她要求我馬上回家。動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+do(該類動(dòng)詞有:make,let,have,see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find等)但是,在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,不定式要帶toHemadehissonreadthetextloudly.他叫他兒子大聲朗讀課文。
動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+(to)do(該類動(dòng)詞常見的是help)Tomhelpher(to)findthebook.湯姆幫她找到了那本書此外,動(dòng)詞不定式省略的常見考點(diǎn)有:hadbetter,wouldrather….than,can’thelpbut,doanythingbut等結(jié)構(gòu)后,需要用動(dòng)詞原形。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)形式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法一般式todo表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在之后發(fā)生。例Theydecidedtochangetheirmind.(他們決定改變主意)tobedone不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承擔(dān)者時(shí)使用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例:It’sagreathonortobeinvitedtoTom’sparty.(被邀請(qǐng)參加湯姆的聚會(huì)十分榮幸)完成式tohavedone表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前.例:Heissaidtohavewrittenabookoncivilwar.(聽說他寫了一本關(guān)于內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的書)tohavebeendone【樣題示例】Thefatherwasdelightedtohearthechild__________that.整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式tosayB.tohavesaidC.sayD.said【答案】C【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞(feel,see,hear,notice,let,make,have等)后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省略to.2.動(dòng)名詞1)動(dòng)名詞的常見形式:動(dòng)名詞形式用法例句一般式的主動(dòng)形式Doing表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在之后發(fā)生Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。一般式的被動(dòng)形式Beingdone邏輯主語(yǔ)作為動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在之后發(fā)生。Ilikebeinggivenharderwork.我喜歡接受較難的工作。完成式的主動(dòng)形式Havingdone表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。Heregretsnothavingtakenpartinthework.他后悔沒有參加這項(xiàng)工作。完成式的被動(dòng)形式Havingbeendone邏輯主語(yǔ)作為動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。Shesoexcitedhavingbeenelectedchairmanofthestudent’sUnion.她對(duì)能當(dāng)選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席是如此的興奮。2)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)考生應(yīng)牢記只能帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,常見的有:admit,acknowledge,appreciate,avoid,consider,contemplate,delay,deny,detest,endure,enjoy,excuse,evade,face,finish,fan,favor,forgive,can’thelp,imagine,conclude,involve,mention,mind,miss,postpone,practice,resist,suggest,beworth,feellike,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…..(from),keep…..from,stop…..(from),setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike等。
3)動(dòng)名詞與不定式作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
有些動(dòng)詞既可以動(dòng)名詞又可以不定式作賓語(yǔ),且意思差別不大,但有些動(dòng)詞以動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),意思有較大差別。如:
①remembertodo記得要做(某事)
rememberdoing記得曾做過(某事)
②forgettodo忘記要做(某事)
forgetdoing忘記曾做過(某事)
③goontodo(做完某事后)繼續(xù)做(另一事)
goondoing繼續(xù)做(某事)
④regrettodo對(duì)要做(某事)感到遺憾
regretdoing對(duì)已做過(某事)感到后悔
⑤needtodo需要做(某事)
needdoing需要(被動(dòng))
整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式4)【樣題示例】Iwonderedwhytheboyoftenavoided____________(talk)withhisclassmates.【答案】talking【解析】動(dòng)詞avoid后只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。3分詞1)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的差別動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞用法過去分詞用法及物動(dòng)詞表示主動(dòng)含義,所修飾的人或物是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。表示被動(dòng)含義,所修飾的人或物是動(dòng)作的承受者。不及物動(dòng)詞表示正在進(jìn)行或目前所處的狀態(tài)。表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或已存在的狀態(tài)。2)分詞的功能:分詞主要起形容詞和副詞作用,在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)(主補(bǔ))和狀語(yǔ)等。
1.作定語(yǔ)
分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)與被修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂意義。分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),置于被修飾的詞之后。
Mostofthecomputersaresmallmachinessittingon(=whichsiton)thedesks.
Thereareallsortsofcomputersconnectedto(=whichareconnectedto)theInternet.
2.作賓補(bǔ)(主補(bǔ))
賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)有邏輯上的主謂意義。常以分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:catch,have,keep,get,see,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等。
Thepolicemancaughttheyoungmanstealingfromtheshop.
LibrariesoftenhavecomputersconnectedtotheInternetformembersofthepublictouse.
3作狀語(yǔ)
①分詞表示的動(dòng)作是主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的一部分,兩者存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨、結(jié)果等。
Lookinguptothatredflagwithstars,Ifeltthatallthebloodrushedtomyhead.
②分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的從句,若強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,可在分詞前加when或while。
Shestaredathim,notknowingwhattosay.
Comparedwithothers,itisquitecheap.
Whenlookingback,hesawacarcrashingintothewall.
③分詞帶有自己的主語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),稱為分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為:名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在(過去)分詞,該結(jié)構(gòu)前有時(shí)也可加with。整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式
Weatherpermitting,wewillgosightseeingtomorrow.
Withariverrunningthroughit,acitylooksmorebeautiful
4.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式和被動(dòng)形式
①現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式:having+過去分詞,表示分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。
Havingbeentheremanytimes,sheisquitefamiliarwiththecity.
②現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式:being+過去分詞,表示分詞的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,但與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的,作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于過去分詞。
Thepersonbeinginterviewedismyformerclassmate.
(Being)botheredbythenoise,hecouldnotconcentratehimselfonhiswork.
③現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)形式:having+been+過去分詞。Havingbeenrebuilt,thepalacelooksmoresplendid.3)【樣題示例】While_________inLondon,theyoungengineerpickedupsomeEnglish.stayingB.stayC.stayedD.tostay【答案】A【解析】stay與邏輯主語(yǔ)theyoungengineer是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1.Themanagershowedthenewemployeetofindthesupplies.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.which2.isquitedifficultforMarytopasstheinterview.A.WhatB.ThisC.ThatD.It3.AsfarasI'mconcerned,Idon'tlikeinthatway.A.tobetreatedB.totreatC.treatedD.treating4.Iamlookingforwardtofromyouassoonaspossible.A.hearB.behearingC.hearingD.haveheard5.Locationisthefirstthingcustomerconsiderwhentobuyahouse.A.planningB.plannedC.toplanD.havingplanned6.WhenwelivedinHangzhou,we_________togotoWestlake.A.WouldbeB.areusedC.wereusedD.used7.Atoycarthat___________afewpence30yearsagoisworth1,000poundsnow.A.costB.costsC.hadcostD.hascost8.BythetimeyougettoLosAnglestomorrow,I____________forSouthwestAsia.A.willleaveB.shallhaveleftC.hadalreadyleftD.amleaving9.Look,here______thefamouspopsinger.A.comesB.comeC.hascomeD.came10.WeusedtogoskatinginMichiganeverywinter,but__________thereforthepastfiveyears.A.Idon’tgoB.Ihaven’tbeenC.I’mnotgoingD.Ididn’tgo動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式1.主動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式。時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Do,doesAm/is/areBe+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Am/is/are+doingAm/is/are+beingdone一般過去時(shí)Did,was,WereWas/were+done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Was/were+doingWas/were+beingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Have/has+doneHave/has+beendone過去完成時(shí)Had+doneHad+beendone將來(lái)完成時(shí)WillhavedoneWillhave+beendone一般將來(lái)時(shí)Will/begoingto+doWill/begoingto+bedone過去將來(lái)時(shí)WoulddoWould+bedone動(dòng)詞不定式TodoTobedone動(dòng)詞不定式完成時(shí)TohavedoneTohavebeendone動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)DoingBeingdone動(dòng)名詞完成時(shí)HavingdoneHavingbeendone情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Must/can/could/may/might/should/need+doMust/can/could/may/might/should/need+bedone2,各時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Often,usually,sometimes,every+day/weekonSunday/at…..等Weusuallygoabroadforourholiday.我們通常出國(guó)度假。Allvisitorstothelabareexpectedtotakeofftheirshoesbeforetheyenter.要求所有參觀者進(jìn)入實(shí)驗(yàn)室之前要脫鞋子。一般過去時(shí)Lastyear/atthatmoment/then/yesterday等Aforeignfriendvisitedourschoolyesterday.昨天有個(gè)外國(guó)友人參觀我們學(xué)校。Thehousewasboughtfor$5000lastyear.去年,用5000美元買了房子。一般將來(lái)時(shí)Nextweek/tomorrow/in+一段時(shí)間Youwillmeethimnextweek.下周你會(huì)見到他。Ifyousmokeinthisnon-smokingarea,youwillbefined$50.如果你在無(wú)煙區(qū)抽煙,將會(huì)被罰50美元。整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Now/atthismoment/atpresent等TheyarehavingEnglishclassatpresent.現(xiàn)在,他們正在上英語(yǔ)課。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)“過去某一點(diǎn)”通常由when/while引導(dǎo)的從句確定Hewasreadingbookwhileshewaswritingarticle.她在寫文章時(shí),他在閱讀書本。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)Thistimenextweek/year/monthWeshallbeworkinginthatfactorythistimenextweek.下星期的這個(gè)時(shí)候,我們將在工廠工作?,F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)沒有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行,還沒結(jié)束Eg:Ihavebeenwritingletters.我在寫信,還沒寫完呢。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Already,yet,just,ever,sofar,uptonow,till,recently等Ihavespentagreatdealofmoneyonbooksuptillnow.至今,我花了很多錢來(lái)買書。Thisarticleiswellwrittenbecausespecialattentionhasbeenpaidtothechoiceofwordsandstylesofwriting.因?yàn)樘貏e注重詞語(yǔ)和寫作風(fēng)格的選擇,這篇文章寫得非常好。過去完成時(shí)Bytheendof/bythetimeof+lastmonth/week/yearIhadfinishedtheworkby9o’clock.到9點(diǎn)時(shí),他就完成了工作。將來(lái)完成時(shí)Bytheendof/bythetimeof+nextmonth/week/yearIshallhavefinishedwritingthearticlebytheendofthisweek.到下周完,我將寫完文章。3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的??键c(diǎn):1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):在when/if/after/assoonas/though/whether/solongas/not…until等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間,條件,讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句用用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),“主將從現(xiàn)”Eg:Ifyougiveupsmokinganddrinking,yourhealthwillimprovesoon.如果你戒掉煙酒,你的健康狀況很快就會(huì)得到改善。Hewilltellyouassoonashe_gets_(get)thenews.少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如go,come,leave,arrive,begin,start,be等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示按規(guī)定,計(jì)劃或安排預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事情。Eg:Oursummervacationbegins(begin)inearlyJuly.我們的暑假七月初開始。2)一般過去時(shí)整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式1.Itis(high)timethatsbdidsth“時(shí)間已遲了”“早該。。。。了”Eg:Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早該去睡覺了。區(qū)別:Itistimeforsbtodosth“到。。。時(shí)間了”“該。。了”Eg:itistimeforyoutogotobed.你該睡覺了。2.would(had)rathersbdidsth“表示寧愿某人做某事”Eg:I’dratheryoucametomorrow.還是明天來(lái)吧。3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.Itisthefirst/secondtime…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Eg:ItisthefirsttimeIhavevisitedShanghai.這是我第一次訪問上海。2.Thisis+形容詞最高級(jí)+that。。。。。結(jié)構(gòu),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Eg:ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.這是我看過的最好的電影。4)過去完成時(shí)1在told,said,realized,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。Eg:Herealizedthatshewascryingbecauseofwhathehadsaid.Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.Hardly/Scarcely(謂語(yǔ)用過去完成時(shí))when(謂語(yǔ)用一般過去時(shí))還沒等。。。。就。。。Nosooner(謂語(yǔ)用過去完成時(shí))than(謂語(yǔ)用一般過去時(shí))剛。。。。。。就。。。。。Eg:Hardlyhadwegatheredinthesquarewhenitbeguntorain.(hardly放于句首,句子要倒裝)我們剛到廣場(chǎng)集合,天就開始下雨了。Nosoonerhadhelefttheofficethanthetelephonebeguntoring.他剛離開辦公室電話鈴就響了。4.時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)
英語(yǔ)從句(尤其是賓語(yǔ)從句)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)常受主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的制約,因此從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)。
1)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài),從句可根據(jù)意思的需要用任何時(shí)態(tài)。
Sheoftenwritesdownwhatshesees(saw,willsee)intoherdiary.
2)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài),從句應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文的意思選用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。
①?gòu)木涞膭?dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
Herfathersaidthatshewaspreparingherlessonsyesterdayevening.
②從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前,從句用過去完成時(shí)。
ThehospitalreportedthatitsX-raymachinehadfailed.
③從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后,從句用過去將來(lái)時(shí)。
Hethoughtthathissonwouldphonehimassoonashegotthere.
3)當(dāng)從句表示客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí),其時(shí)態(tài)不受主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的影響,總是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Theteachertoldthechildrenthattheearthalwaysmovesaroundthesun.整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式
4)在if,unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中以及when,as,after,before,until等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來(lái)時(shí)。IwillreturnthebookafterIfinishreadingit.
Theywillnotgoswimmingifitrainstomorrow.
Shewouldnotreturnthebookuntilshefinishedreadingit.5.【樣題示例】(2006年6月)Thepolicemanstoppedthedriverandfoundthathe___________alcohol.DrinksB.hasdrunkC.isdrinkingD.haddrunk【答案】D【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般要求與主句保持一致,根據(jù)句意“警察攔下那個(gè)司機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)他喝醉了”,可判斷出司機(jī)喝醉應(yīng)發(fā)生在警察發(fā)現(xiàn)之前。主句使用了一般過去時(shí)時(shí)態(tài),故從句應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)。【樣題分析】(2002年6月)Theprojecttoclearupthepollutedriver___________bytheendofnextyear.A.isbeingcompletedB.hasbeencompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted【答案】C【解析】句子的主語(yǔ)project與句子的動(dòng)詞complete為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,依據(jù)句子時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)bytheendofnextyear可推斷出本句應(yīng)使用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1.at130kilometersperhourwhenthepolicemanstoppedme.A.haddrivenB.havedrivenC.driveD.wasdriving2.Wewon'tbeabletoleavetheofficeuntiltherain.A.willstopB.stopsC.stoppedD.isstopping3.Shedidn'treceivetheapplicationform;ittothewrongaddress.A.sentB.besentC.wassentD.beingsent4.Thisarticleiswellwrittenbecausespecialattentiontothechoiceofwordsandstyleofwriting.A.hadbeenpaidB.hasbeenpaidC.willbepaidD.willhavebeenpaid5.Mostofthemachinesintheworkshopnextmonth.A.arerepairedB.havebeenrepairedC.wererepairedD.willberepaired6.Thepolice___________forthechiefintheregionatthemoment.A.issearchingB.aresearchingC.searchedD.hassearched7.Allthemachinesinourplant______________bytheendofthismonth.A.wouldhavebeenrepairedB.wererepairedC.willhavebeenrepairedD.werebeingrepaired8.Thepolicemanstoppedthedriverandfoundthathe_________alcohol.A.drinksB.hasdrunkC.isdrinkingD.haddrunk9.Seldom__________mybossinsuchgoodmoodsinceIcameintoworkinthiscompany.A.IsawB.IhaveseenC.haveIseenDdoIsee10.Theinjuredplayer__________offthefieldbeforethematchfinished.整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式A.carriedB.wascarryingChadbeencarriedD.wasbeingcarried.虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見形式:條件從句主句與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成時(shí)(had+過去分詞)would/Should+have+過去分詞)例句Ifhe_hadtaken(take)myadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded(succeed)=Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded(succeed)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)(be用were)would/Should/+動(dòng)詞原形例句IfI__were(be)aboy,Iwouldjoin(join)thearmy.=WereIaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)should/(wereto)+動(dòng)詞原形Would/Should+動(dòng)詞原形例句Ifyoushouldsucceed__(succeed),everythingwouldbe(be)allright.=Shouldyousucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的應(yīng)用。1)在主語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用Itis可用的詞有三類tthat謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形Important,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,Apity,ashame,nowonderEg:1Itwillbedesiredthatshe_(should)finish(finish)herhomeworkthisafternoon.2.Itisnecessarythatwe(should)clean__(clean)theroomeveryday.3.Itwasapitythatyou_shouldbe(be)socareless.2)在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用主語(yǔ)可用的詞that謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形Order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,Eg:Heinsistedthathe_(should_)be___(be)sentthere.3)在表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用Suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advicethat(should)do謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形Eg:Myideaisthatwe_(should)get(get)morepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatweshouldhold(hold)ameetingnextweek.4)wish+賓語(yǔ)從句“要是。。。。。就好了”表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。從句整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式Wish從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞例句表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望過去完成時(shí)(Had+過去分詞)IwishI__hadknown(know)theanswerlasttime.表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望一般過去式IwishI_were_(be)astallasyou.表示將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望Would/could+動(dòng)詞原形IwishIwould/couldfly(fly)likeabird.5)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用Asif/asthoughEvenif/Eventhough從句從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去過去完成時(shí)(Had+過去分詞)表示現(xiàn)在的狀況一般過去式表示將來(lái)的狀況過去將來(lái)時(shí)(Would/could+動(dòng)詞原形)6)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用。Itis(high)time(that)(現(xiàn)在)早該。。。。從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞例句一般過去時(shí)(be用were)It’stimethatthechildrenWenttobed2.Should+動(dòng)詞原形It’stimethatthechildrenShouldgotobed.7)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于ifonly(如果。。。就好了)引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。EgIfonlyIwereabird.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice【樣題示例】(2005年12月)Themanagerrequiredthatalltheemployees____________attheofficebefore9:00inthemorning.WillarriveB.arriveC.arrivedD.havearrived【答案】B【解析】在表示愿望,請(qǐng)求,建議,命令等意義的動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形,其中should可以省略,故答案為B。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1.IfIthatyourbusinesswasgrowingsorapidly,Iwouldn'thavebeenworriedaboutit.A.knowB.knewC.hadknownD.haveknown2.Lookattheclock!It'stimework.A.westartedB.we'llstartC.we'restartingD.we'llhavestarted3.Themanagerrequiredthatalltheemployeesattheofficebefore9:00inthemorning.整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式A.willarriveB.arriveC.arrivedD.havearrived4.IfIhadn'tattendedanimportantmeetingyesterday,Itoseeyou.A.willhavecomeB.wouldhavecomeC.havecomeD.hadcome5.TheshopassistantinsistedthatI_____________twentydollarsforthebook.A.wouldmakesureB.wouldhavemadesureC.shouldhavemadesureD.mustmakesure6.Supposingthisship__________,doyouthinktherewouldbeenoughlifejacketsforallthepassengers?A.wassinkingB.hassunkC.weretosinkD.sunk7.Frankly,I’dratheryou___________anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.doB.don’tdoC.didn’tdoD.willnotdo8.Theideaisthatthenation___________anunmannedspacecrafttoexploretheplanetfirst.A.sentB.sendsC.mustsendD.send9.ButforyouradviceI_____________intotrouble.A.wouldgetB.gotC.mighthavegotD.shouldget.10.I’mveryhappyIwentoverallmynotes;otherwise___________.A.ImayhavefailedB.I’dfailC.I’dhavefailedD.I’llhavefailed.復(fù)合句該項(xiàng)主要考查考生對(duì)復(fù)合句的結(jié)構(gòu)是否有清楚的了解,是否能正確使用相關(guān)連接詞和關(guān)系代詞。復(fù)合句主要分為三類:名詞性從句,定語(yǔ)從句,狀語(yǔ)從句。1、名詞性從句:在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(NounClauses)。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。名稱定義用法例句主語(yǔ)從句在整個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分的從句。由連接詞that,whether,what,which,who,how,when,why,where,as等引導(dǎo)。Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.
賓語(yǔ)從句在整個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分的從句。由連接詞that,whether,what,which,who,how,when,why,where,as等引導(dǎo)。JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式表語(yǔ)從句跟在系動(dòng)詞后充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)成分的從句。由連接詞that,whether,what,which,who,how,when,why,where,as,because等引導(dǎo)。Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.同位語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞的同位語(yǔ)的從句。由連接詞that,whether,how,when,where等引導(dǎo)。Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.
2、定語(yǔ)從句:名稱定義用法例句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩類。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為人時(shí),可以由關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose引導(dǎo);指物時(shí),可以由which,that引導(dǎo);關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.(which/that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
注:(1)定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開,例:
Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。(限制性)
Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個(gè)月買的。(非限制性)
(2)關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
(3)同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:同位語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系,即說明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容,而定語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系,即限定它前面的名詞范圍,或補(bǔ)充一些情況;同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞在句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,而定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。同位語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞常見的有:fact,thought,idea,news,hope,belief,doubt等。3.狀語(yǔ)從句:名稱定義用法例句整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式狀語(yǔ)從句在整個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)成分的從句,用來(lái)修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,通常表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、讓步、比較、目的、結(jié)果等情況。狀語(yǔ)從句的考查主要體現(xiàn)在對(duì)各種表示不同關(guān)系的連接詞的測(cè)試上。常見的引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞如下:時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:since,when,after,as,while,before;地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句:where,wherever;原因狀語(yǔ)從句:because,as,since,for;方式狀語(yǔ)從句:as,(just)as...so...,asif,asthough;目的狀語(yǔ)從句:that,sothat,inorderto,inorderthat,incase;結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句:so...that,such...that;條件狀語(yǔ)從句:if,unless,solongas,onconditionthat;讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:though,although,evenif,eventhough(注意這幾個(gè)連詞不能和but連用)。1.Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.2.Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforfirsttime.
3.Youmustspeakloudersothatyoucanbeheardbyall.
4.Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.
5.Althoughit'sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.
【樣題示例】(2008年6月第21題)21.WhathetoldmetodowasIshouldgetfullypreparedbeforetheinterview.A.whatB.ifC.whichD.that【答案】D 【解析】本題考查表語(yǔ)從句。題中Whathetoldmetodo是由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句做主語(yǔ),句中基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+be+表語(yǔ)”,that引導(dǎo)從句做表語(yǔ),所以答案為D。此外,在Ishouldgetfullyprepared中,句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,不再需要其他成分,A項(xiàng)可排除。根據(jù)題意,不需要“是否”或“如果”含義,可排除B選項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,其前面是名詞,所以C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1.Thenewmodelofthecarwasputintoproductionin2007,helpedtoprovideanother1400jobs.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which2.WeallthinkthatJohnistheonlycandidatewillgetthejob.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whoever3.Lifeismoreenjoyabletopeopleareopentonewideas.A.whoseB.whomC.whoD.which4.Youngpeoplenowlivealife-styletheirparentscouldhardlydreamof.A.whichB.whyC.whenD.where5.shejoinedthecompanyonlyayearago,she’salreadybeenpromotedtwice.整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.IfD.When6.Ithasbeenquitealongtimethetwocompaniesestablishedabusinessrelationship.A.althoughB.becauseC.ifD.since7.Fewpeopleappliedforthepositionmeettherequirementsofthecompany.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.whose8.ThefactMarywaslateforthemeetingagainmademeangry.A.whyB.thatC.whatD.which9.therainstopsbefore12o’clock,wewillhavetocancelthegame.A.AsB.SinceC.WhileD.Unless10.Itisnecessarytofindanengineerhasskillsthatmeetyourneeds.A.whomB.whichC.whoseD.who句型結(jié)構(gòu)該考項(xiàng)涉及的重點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句。1、強(qiáng)調(diào)句:常考的強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it引導(dǎo)的句子。Itis(was)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。這一句型用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)除動(dòng)詞以外的其他任何成分。強(qiáng)調(diào)成分不管是主語(yǔ)還是賓語(yǔ),指物時(shí)用that。指人時(shí),如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ),可以用who或that;如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語(yǔ),可以用whom或that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是狀語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is還是was取決于原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)用is,過去時(shí)用was。2、倒裝句:倒裝應(yīng)用句型用法例句以so,nor,neither開頭的句子助動(dòng)詞提至主語(yǔ)之前。TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.湯姆會(huì)說法語(yǔ)。杰克也會(huì)。以否定意義的副詞,連詞及詞組(never,nosooner,little,few,hardly,seldom,notonly…,atnotime,innoway,neither…nor,etc.)開頭的句子助動(dòng)詞提至主語(yǔ)之前。Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.她剛一出去就有個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)找她。狀語(yǔ)由only+副詞/介詞詞組/狀語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成時(shí)主句助動(dòng)詞提至主句主語(yǔ)之前。Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.只有在他病的很重的時(shí)候他才會(huì)躺在床上休息。整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式以連詞so(…that)開頭的句子中so引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提至其主語(yǔ)之前。Soangrywashethathecouldn’tspeak.他氣的說不出話來(lái)了。以often,manyatime等表示頻率的狀語(yǔ)開頭的句子助動(dòng)詞提至主語(yǔ)之前。Oftendidtheythinkofgoingthere,buttheyneverhadachance.他常常想去那里,但一直沒有機(jī)會(huì)。在省略if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件狀語(yǔ)從句中狀語(yǔ)從句的助動(dòng)詞提至主語(yǔ)之前。HadIherphonenumber,Iwouldringheratonce.如果我有她的電話號(hào)碼,我會(huì)立刻打電話給她。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中一般將形容詞、副詞或名詞提至句首。MuchasIlikeit,Iwillnotbuyit.盡管我非常喜歡它,但是我還是不會(huì)買的?!緲宇}示例】(2009年6月第22題)22.Hardlyattheofficewhenthetelephonerang.A.IarrivedB.IhadarrivedC.didIarriveD.HadIarrived【答案】D【解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和倒裝。hardly...when...表示前后緊接著發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作,和漢語(yǔ)意思“一……就……”,“剛……就……”對(duì)應(yīng)。hardly所在的主句動(dòng)作先發(fā)生,常用過去完成時(shí);when引導(dǎo)的分句的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生,常用一般過去時(shí)。另外,當(dāng)hardly等含有否定意義的詞語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí),主句要采用部分倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)。因此,D為正確答案。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1.thetruth,hewouldnothavebeenmisunderstood.A.IfhetoldB.DidhetellC.HehadtoldD.Hadhetold2.Everyoneknowsclearlythatatnotimethetelephoneintheoffi
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