【KS5U解析】北京市門頭溝區(qū)2020屆高三二模英語試題 Word版含解析

門頭溝區(qū)2020年高三年級綜合練習高三英語考生須知1．本試卷共12頁，分為三部分，第一部分知識運用，30個小題，共45分；第二部分閱讀理解，20小題，共40分；第三部分書面表達，2道小題，共35分。2．請將條形碼粘貼在答題卡相應(yīng)位置處。3．試卷所有答案必須填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。請使用2b鉛筆填涂，用黑色字跡簽字筆或鋼筆作答4.考試時間100分鐘，試卷滿分120分。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）a閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。chinaisdevelopinganext-generationspacecraftforhumanspaceflight___1___wouldallowastronautstotraveltothemoonandotherdeep-spacedestinations.

china___2___(become)thethirdcountrytoindependentlysendastronautsintospacein2003whenyangliweiorbitedearthintheshenzhou-5spacecraft.howevershenzhouvisnotdesignedfortheenvironmentofdeepspace.thenewspacecraft,whichhasnotyetbeennamed,willorbitbeyondlow-earthorbit(leo),___3___(carry)fourtosixastronauts.【答案】1.that/which2.became3.carrying【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了中國正在開發(fā)下一代載人航天飛船，使宇航員能夠前往月球和其他深空目的地。文章還介紹了中國2003年發(fā)射的神舟五號飛船的情況?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：中國正在開發(fā)下一代載人航天飛船，使宇航員能夠前往月球和其他深空目的地。本句為定于從句修飾先行詞spacecraft，且先行詞在從句中作主語，指“航天飛船”故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導。故填that/which?！?題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：2003年，楊利偉乘坐神舟五號飛船繞地球軌道飛行，中國成為第三個獨立將宇航員送入太空的國家。根據(jù)后文時間狀語in2003可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填became?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這艘尚未命名的新飛船將搭載4到6名宇航員繞近地軌道運行。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知carry在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式，與邏輯主語spacecraft構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填carrying。b閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。about65%ofamericanssaytheyhavedifficultyfallingasleepafew___4___(night)eachweek,accordingtoarecentstudy___5___(make)bythenationalsleepfoundation.sleepingtoolittlecanleadtoahigherriskofbecomingfatandgettingdepressed.someofyourfavouriteeveninghabitsmayhavesomethingtodowithsleepingproblems.forexample,thelightofyourbrightalarmclockcanpreventyou___6___fallingasleep.youshouldmakeyourroomasdarkaspossible.what’smore,it’snotgoodtoexerciselateatnight.fiercephysicalactivitiesraiseyourbodytemperatureandarebadforagoodnight’ssleep.【答案】4.nights5.made6.from【解析】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了有大約65%的美國人有睡眠問題。4題詳解】考查名詞單復數(shù)。句意：根據(jù)國家睡眠組織最近所做的研究，大約65%的美國人每周有幾晚都會有入睡問題。在這里afew要修飾可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)，所以這里的night要以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。故填nights?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：根據(jù)國家睡眠組織最近所做的研究，大約65%的美國人每周有幾晚都會有入睡問題。在這句話中，accordingto是一個介詞短語，后面不能跟句子，所以動詞make就要以非謂語的形式出現(xiàn)，這里arecentstudy和make之間是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞短語作后置定語。故填made?！?題詳解】考查固定句型。句意：鬧鐘的亮光會阻止你入睡。阻止某人做某事，用固定句型preventsbfromdoingsth。故填from。c閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。aweekbeforeearthday,posters___7___(put)uparoundourschool,callinguponustojoinintheactionsforagreenerearth.ourclasscameupwiththeidea___8___(make)betteruseofusedmaterials.webroughttoourclassroomworn-outclothes,piecesofcardboardandemptyplasticbottlesandturnedthoseintodolls,handbags,tissueboxesandsmallvases.thatweekend,wewenttoanearbyneighbourhoodandgavethemawaytothepeoplethere.allwereveryhappywiththose___9___(expect)gifts,especiallylittlekidsandelderlypeople.wedidsowellthatwewereinvitedtoshareourideasandexperiencewithallthestudentsofourschool.weareveryproudof____10____(we)andbelievewecandomoreforabetterworld.【答案】7.wereput8.tomake9.unexpected10.ourselves【解析】本文為記敘文。本文作者講述了地球日前一周，作者和同學參加了學校組織的“地球日”一系列活動。【7題詳解】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：在地球日前一周，我們學校周圍張貼了海報，號召我們加入到建設(shè)一個更綠色地球的行動中來。分析句子可知，本句的主語posters與謂語動詞putup二者是被動關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語aweekbeforeearthday（在地球日的前一周）是過去的時間狀語，要用一般過去時，因此本空格要用一般過去時的被動，故填wereput。【8題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了更好地利用舊材料，我們班想出了這個主意。分析句子可知，空格處在句中作目的狀語，一般要用動詞不定式作目的狀語，故填tomake。【9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：收到這些意想不到的禮物，大家都很高興，尤其是小孩子和老人。根據(jù)上文“我們把破舊的衣服、紙板和空塑料瓶帶到教室里，把它們變成玩偶、手提包、紙巾盒和小花瓶。那個周末，我們?nèi)チ烁浇囊粋€社區(qū)，把它們送給了那里的人”，由此可知，這些禮物對于那里的人們來說，是意料之外的，想不到的?？崭裉幵诰渲凶鞫ㄕZ，修飾代詞those，要用形容詞，故填unexpected?！?0題詳解】考查反身代詞。句意：我們?yōu)槲覀冏约焊械津湴?，相信我們可以為更美好的世界做更多的事。分析句子可知，此處是指我們?yōu)槲覀冏约焊械津湴粒钥崭裉幰梅瓷泶~，“我們自己”即ourselves，故填ourselves。第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。onfridayafternoonclasssevenhadanartlesson.itwastheirfavouritelessonoftheweek.everyone___11___trudyhubblelookedforwardtoit.trudyhadarmsthatstuckoutandalwaysknockedthingsover.whentrudycameintotheclassroom,robmasonsaid,“l(fā)ookout,herecomestrouble!”allthekids___12___.trudyhadtosmileandpretendedshedidn’tmind.howshewishedshecouldbemorelikelisagibbs,whohadsmallhandsandfeetandnever___13___thingsover!thatday,theyweregoingtopaintanimals.again,trudyknockedoverthejamjar.dirtywaterspreadinapoolacrossthetableand___14___lisa’sdragon.everytimetrudytriedtodoart,itwasalwaysa___15___.“ihateart,”trudythoughtasshewenthomeonthebus,wishingnevertogotoschoolagain.assoonasshegothome,mumaskedhertotakea___16___tomrs.willow.trudyknockedonthedoorandthedooropened.therestoodanoldlady,sotallandelegant,likeherhouse,whichwasfullof___17___china.“mymum’syourhomehelp.shewon’tbeabletocometomorrow.she’sgotacold.”“i’msorrytohearthat.whatsheneedsismyspecialcold___18___.comeinsideandi’llgiveyousome.”mrs.willowopenedthedoorwider.keepingherarmspressedtohersides,trudystood___19___,muchlikeastatue,afraidtomovein.“why?”“iamtheclumsiestpersoninourschool!iknowsomethingwillgetbrokenwheni’m___20___.”“iusedtobeclumsytoo,arealuglylittleduck,”mrs.willowsmiled.“butigrewuptobeaswan(白天鵝).”“butidon'tthinkishall,”trudydoubted.“i’lljustgrowuptobeanugly___21___.”“notifyoudoasidid.youhavetokeeptellingyourselfthatinside,whereitmatters,you’rereallyaswan.”“i’maswan,”trudy___22___herthroatandtookthemedicine,headingforhome.nextmorningmum’scoldwasmuchbetter.“ifmrs.willow’scoldcureisakindof___23___,thenherswancuremustworkaswell.”trudycouldn’twaittotryitout.intheschoolplaygroundsomechildrenstoodlookingupintothechestnuttree.lisawasintears.“what’sthematter?”askedtrudy.“it’smykite,”lisasaid,wipinghereyes.“robletgoandit’sgot___24___upthetree.”“i’llgetitdownforyou,”trudysaidkindly.“no,you’lltearit!”lisalooked___25___.“it’saspecialchinesekite!igotitformybirthday.”foramomenttrudyfeltlikeherold___26___self.butthensherememberedwhatmrs.willowhadsaid.itdidn'tmatterhowshelookedoutside.inside,shewasreallyaswan.shejumpedupandgrabbedthelowest___27___andbegantoclimb.“swansneverrush,”shetoldherself.ittookherages,butshedidn'trush.atlastshemanagedto___28___thekite.butnowshehadtoclimbdownagainusingonlyonehand.very,very___29___sheswungherselfdowntotheground.thekitewassafe!“thanks,trudy.”lisashowedittotheothers.“l(fā)ook,it’sallright!”trudyfeltvery,veryproudanddifferent.smilingateveryone,shewalkedswan-likeacrosstheplaygroundandintoschool,sotalland___30___.11.a.except b.besides c.including d.behind12.a.danced b.sang c.laughed d.jumped13.a.took b.turned c.rolled d.tripped14.a.drew b.drowned c.marked d.colored15.a.success b.masterpiece c.failure d.disaster16.a.gift b.textbook c.message d.letter17.a.delicate b.ugly c.cheap d.messy18.a.care b.leave c.concern d.cure19.a.straight b.still c.by d.tall20.a.around b.apart c.ahead d.away21.a.dragon b.swan c.tiger d.duck22.a.touched b.cleaned c.cleared d.wiped23.a.imagination b.magic c.cheating d.creation24.a.stuck b.crashed c.torn d.damped25.a.satisfied b.disappointed c.frightened d.delighted26.a.beautiful b.clumsy c.dishonest d.smart27.a.root b.trunk c.branch d.leaf28.a.fly b.design c.make d.free29.a.carefully b.doubtfully c.confidently d.anxiously30.a.eager b.elegant c.enthusiastic d.energetic【答案】11.a12.c13.d14.b15.d16.c17.a18.d19.b20.a21.d22.c23.b24.a25.c26.b27.c28.d29.a30.b【解析】本文為一篇記敘文，講述了trudy因自己毛手毛腳而被同學笑話，失去了自信，最終變成了幫助同學，因此找回自信的故事。【11題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：每個人都想上藝術(shù)課除了trudy。a.except除了；b.besides此外；c.including包括；d.behind后面。通過下文lookout,herecomestrouble!可知，trudy在藝術(shù)課上經(jīng)常惹麻煩，所以不想上藝術(shù)課。故此題選a?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所有同學都笑了起來。a.danced跳舞；b.sang唱歌；c.laughed笑；d.jumped跳。通過上文lookout,herecomestrouble!可知，大家都認為trudy是麻煩事，所有同學都笑了起來。故此題選c?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她多么希望自己能像lisa那樣，手腳纖細，從不絆倒任何東西！a.took拿；b.turned轉(zhuǎn)動；c.rolled滾動；d.tripped絆倒。通過下文的knockover可知trudy想像lisa那樣不要打翻任何東西。故此題選d?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：臟水打翻在桌子上，浸泡lisa畫的龍。a.drew繪畫；b.drowned浸泡；c.marked標記；d.colored涂色。上文講到臟水打翻了，所以畫應(yīng)該是被水浸泡了。故此題選b。【15題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每次trudy進行藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作時，都是一場災難。a.success成功；b.masterpiece著作；c.failure失敗；d.disaster災難。上文說到trudy在畫畫時，打翻了水浸泡了同學的畫可知，她在創(chuàng)作時會引起許多問題。是一場災難。故此題選d?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當她一到家，她媽媽讓她給柳女士帶句話。a.gift禮物；b.textbook教材；c.message信息；d.letter信件。通過下文兩個人的對話可知，媽媽是讓trudy轉(zhuǎn)告明天不能來的事情。故此題選c。17題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那兒站著一位老太太，高高的，優(yōu)雅的，像她的房子里面滿是精致的瓷器一樣。a.delicate精美的；b.ugly丑陋的；c.cheap廉價的；d.messy混亂的。通過句子中的elegant可知，老太太非常優(yōu)雅，家里的裝潢和她的氣質(zhì)一般，所以是精致的瓷器。故此題選a?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她需要的是我特制的感冒藥。a.care照顧；b.leave離開；c.concern擔心；d.cure治療。根據(jù)下文mrs.willow’scoldcure可知。柳夫人認為作者的媽媽需要的是她特制的感冒藥。故此題選d?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：trudy兩臂緊抱，一動不動，就像一尊雕像，不敢進去。a.straight直的；b.still一動不動的；c.by經(jīng)過；d.tall高的。通過句子中的likeastatue可知，她是像雕塑一樣的，一動不動。故此題選b。【20題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道在我身邊的東西很容易被打破。a.around四周；b.apart分開；c.ahead向前；d.away離開。根據(jù)前文描寫trudy的身材描寫可知，她身材太高大了，所以在她周圍東西很容易打破。故此題選a?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我長大后會變成一只丑小鴨。a.dragon龍；b.swan天鵝；c.tiger老虎；d.duck鴨子。根據(jù)上文iusedtobeclumsytoo,arealuglylittleduck可知，trudy也認為自己也是一只丑小鴨。故此題選d?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我是只天鵝，trudy清了清嗓子，拿上藥，準備回家。a.touched觸碰；b.cleaned清掃；c.cleared清除；d.wiped擦。這里是指清嗓，使用固定搭配clearonesthroat。故此題選c?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果說柳太太的感冒藥是一種魔法，那么她的天鵝藥也一定管用。a.imagination想像；b.magic魔法；c.cheating欺騙；d.creation創(chuàng)造。根據(jù)上文nextmorningmum’scoldwasmuchbetter.可知，媽媽的病好多了，所以trudy認為這個藥是有魔力的。故此題選b.【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：羅伯放開它，它就被卡在樹上了。a.stuck卡??；b.crashed墜毀；c.torn撕毀；d.damped潮濕。跟據(jù)下文trudy爬到樹上取回風箏可知，風箏卡在樹上了。故此題選a?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：lisa看起來很害怕。a.satisfied滿意的；b.disappointed失望的；c.frightened害怕的；d.delighted高興的。根據(jù)上文youwilltearit可知，lisa怕風箏被撕壞了。故此題選c?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有一陣子，trudy覺得自己像個笨手笨腳的老家伙。a.beautiful漂亮的；b.clumsy笨拙的；c.dishonest不誠實的；d.smart聰明的。根據(jù)上文iamtheclumsiestpersoninourschool可知trudy認為自己是學校最笨拙的人。故此題選b。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她跳起來抓住最低的那根樹枝然后開始爬。a.root樹根；b.trunk樹干；c.branch樹枝；d.leaf葉子。根據(jù)句子中g(shù)rab可知，作者抓住的是樹枝，樹干是抓不住的。故此題選c。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最終她成功解救了那個風箏。a.fly飛；b.design設(shè)計；c.make制作；d.free釋放。上文講到風箏卡住了，所以這里是把風箏解救了出來。根據(jù)thanks,trudy.可知，最終她成功解救了那個風箏。故此題選d?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她非常非常小心地回到地面上。a.carefully仔細地；b.doubtfully懷疑地；c.confidently自信地；d.anxiously焦慮地。這里是從樹上回到地面，所以要萬分小心。故此題選a?！?0題詳解】考場形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她對每個人微笑著，像天鵝一樣穿過操場走進學校，那么高，那么優(yōu)雅。a.eager渴望的；b.elegant優(yōu)雅的；c.enthusiastic充滿激情的；d.energetic有能量的。根據(jù)shewalkedswan-like上文說到天鵝是優(yōu)雅的，這里trudy像一只天鵝，也很優(yōu)雅。故此題選b。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。amanypeoplewanttotravelaroundtheworldandenjoynewcultures,especiallythedifferentfestivals.therearefestivalsgoingonsomewhereintheworldeverydayoftheyear.theserangefromverylargeeventswhichinvolvewholecitiestolocalcelebrationsintinyvillagesorneighborhoodsoftownsorcities.wehaveselectedafewofthemoreunusual,colorfulfestivalsfromaroundtheworld.youcanchooseanyoneyoulikebest!themillionringgitcharityduckrace:kualalumpur,malaysiathirteenyearsago,ericschechterandhisfriendswerebrainstormingtofindnewwaysofraisingmoneyforlocalcharitieswhentheycameupwiththeideaofrubberduckraces.theevent,crazyasitmaysound,involvesracing"cool"rubberducksdownalocalwaterwayandhavingmembersofthecommunity"adopt"theducksforachancetowinvaluabledonatedprizes,possiblyeven$1millionbucks.latomatina:bunol,spain"thetomatobattleisinhonorofsaintluisbeltran,thepatronsaintofbunol.residentsandvisitorstakepartinatomato-throwingbattlethatdecimatesmorethan88,000poundsoftomatoes.thiscrazyeventbeganwithaseriousaimasasymbolicprotestagainstfranco.butthetomatinaisnowcelebratedasanamusingwaytoendthesummer."mightymudmania:scottsdale,arizona,usa"children'sdreamsreallydocometrueinthecityofscottsdale.childrenaged1to13,gettoparticipateinamudracetoendallmudraces.duringtherunningofthemightymudobstacle(泥坑)course,severalmudpitsstrategicallyplaced,providewetandreallydirtyobstaclesaskidscompeteforthefastesttimeineachheat.therearealsomudpuddlepoolsforthetinytots,andaminimudcourseforthosesixandyounger.inaddition,mightymudwayfeatureswaterandmudgames.therearealsowaterslides,sandcastlebuildingsandfunforallages.momsanddads,remembertosendyourkidsoutwitholdclothesandshoes.andhavenofear,ruralmetrofiredepartmentisonhandtoofferplentyofwaterforthemuddychildren."canberrasleddogclassic:canberra,australiancapitalterritory,australiadogsleddingisoneofthefastestgrowingsportsontheeastcoastofaustralia.asthere'snosnow(thetrailisearthandsandandissmoothandwidewithafewhillsandturns),thesledshavewheelsinsteadofrunners,buttheexcitementisthesame.31.whichofthefollowingmeansthesummerisover?a.mightymudmania. b.latomatina.c.canberrasleddogclassic. d.themillionringgitcharityduckrace.32.whatcanyouenjoyinallthefourfestivalsmentioned?a.fantasticactivities. b.beautifulbeaches.c.deliciousfood. d.amazingsceneries.33.themainpurposeofthepassageisto_______.a.sharepersonalexperiences b.compareculturesindifferentcountriesc.introducefavorablefestivals d.offerpracticaltipsonchoosingactivities【答案】31.b32.a33.c【解析】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界上精彩絕倫，又非比尋常的四個節(jié)日?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)latomatina:bunol,spain這一小標題下最后一句butthetomatinaisnowcelebratedasanamusingwaytoendthesummer.（但是tomatina現(xiàn)在被當作一種結(jié)束夏天的有趣方式來慶祝。）可知，現(xiàn)在tomatina已經(jīng)作為慶祝結(jié)束夏天結(jié)束的一種有趣方式了。這里的endthesummer和題干中summerisover進行了替換。故此題選b?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章ericschechterandhisfriendswerebrainstormingtofindnewwaysofraisingmoneyforlocalcharitieswhentheycameupwiththeideaofrubberduckraces.可知，第一個節(jié)日有橡膠鴨子賽跑活動。根據(jù)文章thetomatobattleisinhonorofsaintluisbeltran可知，第二個節(jié)日有番茄大戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)文章duringtherunningofthemightymudobstacle(泥坑)course可知，第三個節(jié)日有泥漿賽跑。根據(jù)文章dogsleddingisoneofthefastestgrowingsportsontheeastcoastofaustralia.可知第四個節(jié)日有狗拉雪橇活動。所以四個節(jié)日的共同特點就是有精彩的活動。故此題選a。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第一自然段wehaveselectedafewofthemoreunusual,colorfulfestivalsfromaroundtheworld.youcanchooseanyoneyoulikebest!（我們從世界各地挑選了一些更不尋常、更豐富多彩的節(jié)日。你可以選擇你最喜歡的節(jié)日!）是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知作者寫這篇文章的目的就是介紹一些精彩絕倫，又非比尋常的節(jié)日。故此題選c。bmorethanhalftheyoungchildrenandteenagersinchinaarenearsighted,accordingtoasurveybytopgovernmentagencies,whichcalledforintensifiedeffortstopreventandcontrolthecondition.thesurvey,whichwasconductedlastyear,foundthateightof10seniormiddleschoolstudentswerenearsighted,comparedwith71.6percentinjuniormiddleschool,36percentinprimaryschooland14percentof6-year-oldsinkindergarten.overall,53.6percentwerenearsighted.theprevalence(流行程度)ofahighdegreeofmyopiaalsobecamealarmingasthepercentageofseniorstudentsinhighschool,whowearglassesstrongerthansixdiopters,hasmountedto21.9percent.upto80percentofthecountry’syoungadultssufferfromnearsightedness,accordingtoareportinthemedicaljournallancet.incontrast,theoverallrateofmyopiaintheukisabout20-30percent.ifyouwalkthestreetsofchinatoday,you’llquicklynoticethatmostyoungpeoplewearglasses.inshanghai,forinstance,86percentofhighschoolstudentssufferfrommyopia,ornearsightedness,accordingtoxinhuanewsagency.thegrowingprevalenceofmyopiaisnotonlyachineseproblem,butitisanespeciallyeastasianone.accordingtoastudypublishedinthelancetmedicaljournalin2012,byianmorgan,oftheaustraliannationaluniversity,southkorealeadsthepack,with96percentofyoungadults(belowtheage20)havingmyopia;andtherateforseoulisevenhigher.insingapore,thefigureis82percent.tosaythatasiaishavinganeyeproblemisanunderstatement.severalfactorsareassociatedwiththehighrateofnearsightednessinchina'schildrenandteenagers,includinglackofoutdoorphysicalactivity,lackofadequatesleepduetoheavyworkandexcessiveuseofelectronicsproducts.andsomebiologistscomparedsingaporeanslivinginsingaporetothoselivinginaustralia.theyfoundthat29percentofthesingaporeanstudentshadmyopiacomparedwithjust3percentinsydney.themaincorrelationwasonceagain,timespentoutside.“thebigdifferencewasthechinesechildreninaustraliawereoutdoorsalotmorethantheirmatchedpeersinsingapore,”saysianmorgan,aretiredbiologistataustraliannationaluniversity,whocoauthoredthe2008study.“thiswastheonlythingthatfitwiththehugedifferenceinprevalence.”34.fromparagraph2,accordingtothesurveywecanknowthat____________.a.therateofmyopiainshanghaiisthehighestb.therateofmyopiaintheukishigherthanthatinchinac.therateofjuniormiddleschoolstudentswhosufferfrommyopiaisthehighestd.therateofseniormiddleschoolstudentswhosufferfrommyopiaisthehighest35.whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonassociatedwiththehighrateofmyopiainchina?a.timeofreadingbooks. b.lackofadequatesleep.c.lackofoutdoorphysicalactivity. d.excessiveuseofelectronicsproducts.36.theauthorwritesthepassageto__________.a.introducesomemethodstoprotectoureyesb.telluswhysomanypeoplehaveaneyeproblemc.comparethemyopiafiguresofdifferentcountriesd.calloneveryonetopayattentiontothemyopiaamongtheyoungpeople37.whereisthepassagemostprobablyfrom?a.aliteraryessay. b.ahistoricalnovel.c.asciencereport. d.atravelmagazine.【答案】34.d35.a36.d37.c【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如今東亞國家包括中國的年輕人近視率高這一現(xiàn)象并解釋了近視的原因。【34題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的thesurvey,whichwasconductedlastyear,foundthateightof10seniormiddleschoolstudentswerenearsighted,comparedwith71.6percentinjuniormiddleschool,36percentinprimaryschooland14percentof6-year-oldsinkindergarten.可知，去年進行的這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，10名高中生中有8人近視，而初中生近視率為71.6%，小學生近視率為36%，幼兒園6歲兒童近視率為14%。也就是說高中生的近視率是最高的。故選d項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的severalfactorsareassociatedwiththehighrateofnearsightednessinchina'schildrenandteenagers,includinglackofoutdoorphysicalactivity,lackofadequatesleepduetoheavyworkandexcessiveuseofelectronicsproducts.可知，有若干個因素與中國兒童和青少年近視率高有關(guān)，包括缺乏戶外體育活動、課余作業(yè)繁重導致睡眠不足，以及過度使用電子產(chǎn)品。a項（讀書的時間）在原文中并沒有被提到。故選a項?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第二段通過列舉數(shù)據(jù)表明中國學生的近視現(xiàn)象非常嚴重，第三段作者提出近視患病率的不斷上升不僅是中國一個國家的問題，而是困擾整個東亞的問題。第四段作者解釋了近視的原因，可以看出全文都圍繞著年輕人近視率高這一點來寫的，作者寫這篇文章的目的就是為了讓人們看到這個問題的嚴重性，呼吁人們注意年輕人中的近視現(xiàn)象。故選d項?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了如今東亞包括中國的年輕人近視率高這一現(xiàn)象并解釋了近視的原因，還引用了生物學家伊恩·摩根的話。由此可知，本文最有可能出自一篇科學報告。故選c項。cayoungmanwasgettingreadytograduatefromcollege.formanymonthshehadadmiredabeautifulsportscarinadealer’sshowroom,andknowinghisfathercouldwellaffordit,hetoldhimthatwasallhewanted.asgraduationdayapproached,theyoungmanawaitedsignsthathisfatherhadpurchasedthecar.finally,onthemorningofhisgraduation,hisfathercalledhimintohisprivatestudy.hisfathertoldhimhowproudhewastohavesuchafineson,andtoldhimhowmuchhelovedhim.hehandedhissonabeautifulwrappedgiftbox.curious,butsomewhatfrustrated,theyoungmanopenedtheboxandfoundalovely,leather-boundbible,withtheyoungman’snameembossedingold.angrily,heraisedhisvoicetohisfatherandsaid,“withallyourmoneyyougivemeabible?”hethenstormedoutofthehouse,leavingthebible.manyyearspassedandtheyoungmanwasverysuccessfulinbusiness.hehadabeautifulhomeandawonderfulfamily,butrealizinghisfatherwasveryold,hethoughtperhapsheshouldgotoseehim.hehadnotseenhimsincethatgraduationday.beforehecouldmakethearrangements,hereceivedatelegramtellinghimhisfatherhadpassedaway,andwilledallofhispossessionstohisson.heneededtocomehomeimmediatelyandtakecareofthings.whenhearrivedathisfather’shouse,suddensadnessandregretfilledhisheart.hebegantosearchthroughhisfather’simportantpapersandsawthestillnewbible,justashehadleftityearsago.withtears,heopenedthebibleandbegantoturnthepages.ashewasreading,acarkeydroppedfromthebackofthebible.ithadatagwiththedealer’sname,thesamedealerwhohadthesportscarhehaddesired.onthetagwasthedateofhisgraduation,andthewords…“paidinfull”.howmanytimesdowemissblessingsbecausetheyarenotpackagedasweexpected?donotspoilwhatyouhavebydesiringwhatyouhavenot;butrememberthatwhatyounowhavewasonceamongthethingsyouonlyhopedfor.sometimeswedon’trealizethegoodfortunewehaveorwecouldhavebecauseweexpect“thepackaging”tobedifferent.whatmayappearasbadfortunemayinfactbethedoorthatisjustwaitingtobeopened.38.what’sthebesttitleforthispassage?a.akindfather. b.akeyofacar.c.aleather-boundbible. d.anunforgettablegraduationceremony.39.whatdoestheunderlinedword“frustrated”inparagraph2probablymean?a.disappointed. b.unconcerned. c.puzzled. d.bored.40.whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus?a.thereisnofenceforillfortune.b.goodfortunefavorsthebraveandcourageous.c.wemustnotlookonlyatthesurfaceofthings.d.astrongmanwillstrugglewiththestormsoffate.41.fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_________.a.theyoungmanacceptedthegiftatfirstb.theyoungmanregrettedwhathe’ddonetohisfatherc.theyoungmanaccompaniedhisfatherforalongtimed.theyoungmanwassuccessfulinbusinesswiththehelpofhisfather【答案】38.b39.a40.c41.b【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個年輕人想要一輛漂亮的跑車，他知道他的父親完全有能力買得起，就告訴他這就是他想要的。結(jié)果在畢業(yè)典禮的那天早上，他卻收到了一本《圣經(jīng)》，年輕人非常生氣，再也沒有看過父親。直到后來父親去世，年輕人又看到了那本《圣經(jīng)》，翻動時，一把汽車鑰匙從《圣經(jīng)》的背面掉了下來，正是他夢寐以求的那輛車。故事告訴我們不能只看事物的表面?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主要記敘了一個年輕人想要一輛漂亮的跑車，他知道他的父親完全有能力買得起，就告訴他這就是他想要的。結(jié)果在畢業(yè)典禮的那天早上，他卻收到了一本《圣經(jīng)》，年輕人非常生氣，再也沒有看過父親。直到后來父親去世，年輕人又看到了那本《圣經(jīng)》，翻動時，一把汽車鑰匙從《圣經(jīng)》的背面掉了下來，正是他夢寐以求的那輛車。故事告訴我們不能只看事物的表面。可知由此可知，b選項“汽車鑰匙”最符合文章標題，故選b?！?9題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文theyoungmanopenedtheboxandfoundalovely,leather-boundbible,withtheyoungman’snameembossedingold.可知出于好奇，但也有些失望，年輕人打開盒子，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面是一本精美的，皮面的《圣經(jīng)》，上面用金色浮雕著年輕人的名字。由此可知，劃線單詞“frustrated”意思為“失望的”。a.disappointed.失望的；b.unconcerned.不關(guān)心的；c.puzzled.困惑的；d.bored.無聊的。故選a?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段sometimeswedon’trealizethegoodfortunewehaveorwecouldhavebecauseweexpect“thepackaging”tobedifferent.whatmayappearasbadfortunemayinfactbethedoorthatisjustwaitingtobeopened.可知有時候，我們并沒有意識到自己擁有或本可以擁有的好運，只是因為它的“包裝”與我們想象的不同?？雌饋硐袷菈倪\氣的東西，實際上可能就是等待被打開的那扇門。由此可推知，最后一段想告訴我們不能只看事物的表面。故選c?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中whenhearrivedathisfather’shouse,suddensadnessandregretfilledhisheart.可知當他到達他父親的房子時，突然，悲傷和后悔充滿了他的心。以及結(jié)合故事情節(jié)，這位年輕人以為父親沒有給他買他心儀的跑車，還因此再沒有去看望過父親。父親去世后，得知原來父親早就給他買下了跑車，鑰匙就夾在那本不起眼的圣經(jīng)里。由此可推知，那個年輕人后悔他對父親所做的事情。故選b。dshortageofprimarycarethreatenshealthcaresystemincreasinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.primarycareshouldbethesupportofanyhealthcaresystemcountrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.theu.s.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.arecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatmedicarebeneficiaries.thesurprisingfindingwasthattheaveragemedicatepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors-twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists-inagivenyear.contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudoesn'tguaranteebettercare.actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.howdidwetakelittlecareofprimarycare?thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe'sreimbursed.moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient'sdisease.combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstorandomlycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.medicalstudentsaren'tblindtothisaction.theyknowhowheavilythereimbursementisagainstprimarycare.therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedu.s.medicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.howdowefixthisproblem?itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.we’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionbabyboomerswillbecomeeligibleformedicare.patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.whowillbetheretotreatthem?42.theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentu.s.healthcaresystemis_________.a.theever-risinghealthcarecosts b.thedecliningnumberofdoctorsc.theinadequatetrainingofphysicians d.theshrinkingprimarycareresources43.welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat_________.a.themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetterb.visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealthc.seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrorsd.themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure.44.