出口產(chǎn)品運輸包裝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最終版

適用圍Scopeofapplication本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了西電變壓器有限責(zé)任公司所生產(chǎn)的出口變壓器產(chǎn)品運輸包裝的總體要求、包裝方式、包裝箱技術(shù)要求、裝箱方法、裝箱流程、包裝標(biāo)識等主要容。適用于本公司經(jīng)鐵路、公路及海洋運輸?shù)某隹诋a(chǎn)品包裝。Thestandardstipulatesthegeneralrequirementswhichincludepackingway,packingtechnicalrequirements,encasementmethod,encasementprocedureandpackingidentificationetc.oftransportpackageforexporttransformerproducedbyChangzhouXDTransformerCo.Ltd.Itappliestoexportproductpackingbyrailway,highwayandoceantransportation.引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Quotedcriteria下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所包含的條文，通過在本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中引用而構(gòu)成本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的條文。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版時，所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均為有效。所以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都會被修訂，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用方應(yīng)探討使用下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最新版本的可能性。Provisionscontainedinthefollowingstandardformthestandardprovisionbyquotinginthisstandard.Whenthestandardpublished,allthestandardsarevalid.Allthestandardswillberevised.Standardusersshallexplorethepossibilityofusingthelatestversionofthefollowingcriteria.GB/T7350-1999《防水包裝》GB/T7350-1999Water-proofpackingGB/T155-2006《原木缺陷》GB/T155-2006DefectsinlogsGB/T4823-1995《鋸材缺陷》GB/T4823-1995DefectsinswantimberGB/T9846.3-2004《膠合板第3部分：普通膠合板通用技術(shù)條件》GB/T9846.3-2004PlywoodThethirdpart:GeneraltechnicalconditionsofordinaryplywoodGB/T7284-1998《框架木箱》GB/T7284-1998FramewoodencaseGB/T5048-1999《防潮包裝》GB/T5048-1999Damp-proofpackingGB/T6388-1986《運輸包裝收發(fā)貨標(biāo)志》GB/T6388-1986TransportpackageshippingmarkGB/T13384-2008《機電產(chǎn)品包裝通用技術(shù)條件》GB/T13384-2008GeneraltechnicalconditionsofmechanicalandelectricalproductspackingSN/T0273-2002《進出口商品運輸包裝木箱檢驗檢疫規(guī)程》SN/T0273-2002Importandexportgoodstransportpackagingwoodenbox,inspectionandquarantineprocedures總則General產(chǎn)品包裝應(yīng)符合牢固、經(jīng)濟、合理、美觀的原則。在正常的儲運、裝卸條件下應(yīng)保證產(chǎn)品自工廠發(fā)貨之日起，至少兩年不因包裝不善而產(chǎn)生殘損、散失、銹蝕甚至影響產(chǎn)品性能等現(xiàn)象，確保產(chǎn)品能安全、迅速、完整無損地到達目的地，及時交付用戶使用。Packagingofproductsshouldaccordwithstrong,economic,reasonableandbeautifulprinciple.Undertheconditionofthenormalstorageandtransportation,loadingandunloadingshallensurethatproductfromthedateofshipments,inatleasttwoyearstherewouldnotcomeintodamaged,lost,corrosionevenaffectingpropertiesofproductsetc.phenomena.Tomakesuretheproductscanarriveatthedestinationsafely,rapidlyandinonepieceanddelivertothecustomersintime.應(yīng)根據(jù)包裝物品的性質(zhì)、重量、外形尺寸、流通環(huán)境條件和用戶要求，選擇正確的包裝方式，做到包裝緊湊、防護合理、安全可靠。Weshouldchoosetherightmodesofpackingaccordingtonature,weight,boundarydimension,circulationenvironmentconditionsandcustomer'srequirementsofpackinggoodstomakethepackagingcompact,protectionreasonableandsafeandreliable.產(chǎn)品必須經(jīng)檢驗合格、組部件齊全，做好防護處理后，方可進行包裝。隨機文件應(yīng)齊全。Theproductsshouldbequalifiedthroughinspection.Thepartsshouldbecomplete.Theproductscanbepackedtilltheprotectionbeingdonewell.Randomfileshouldbecomplete.包裝箱的外形尺寸及重量應(yīng)符合國外運輸方面的有關(guān)超限、超重的規(guī)定。Boundarydimensionandweightofpackingcaseshouldbeaccordedwithdomesticandinternationaltransportregulationsonoverrun,overweight.包裝環(huán)境應(yīng)清潔、干燥、無有害物質(zhì)。Packagingenvironmentshouldbeclean,dryandwithnoharmfulsubstances.為降低成本，有原包裝的應(yīng)盡量利用原包裝，經(jīng)修理或改裝的包裝箱應(yīng)符合專業(yè)包裝的有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。Inordertoreducecosts,oneswiththeoriginalpackagingshouldtrytousetheoriginalpackaging.Packingcasesaftertherepairormodificationshallaccordwiththerelevantstandardsofprofessionalpackagingrequirements.裝箱后等待運輸?shù)陌b箱特別是附件箱要求室存放，確保包裝質(zhì)量不受影響。Packingcasewaitedfortransportingespeciallytheaccessorycaseisrequiredinindoorstoragetomakesurethepackingqualityisnotaffected.包裝方式Packingway產(chǎn)品及拆卸件主要選用的包裝方式有裸裝、局部裝和木箱裝。Mainpackingwayschoseforproductsandassembliesarenudepacking,partialpackingandwoodencasepacking.防護包裝主要分為防水包裝和防震包裝。Protectivepackagingconsistsofwaterproofpackingandshockproofpacking.防水材料采用聚乙烯塑料薄膜、聚乙烯塑料復(fù)合紙，如防雨布、PE袋、防雨篷布等，其材質(zhì)、性能符合GB/T7350標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Waterproofmaterialadoptspolyethyleneplasticfilmandpolyethyleneplasticcompositepaper,suchaswaterproofcloth,PEbagandwaterprooftarpaulinsetc.andtheirmaterialandperformanceaccordwiththeGB/T7350standard.防震材料采用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料、復(fù)合發(fā)泡塑料、塑料氣墊等。Vibration-proofmaterialadoptspolystyrencefoam,compoundfoamedplasticsandtheplasticcushionetc.包裝箱基本技術(shù)要求Generalsafetyspecificationofpackingcase包裝材質(zhì)要求Requirementsofpackagingmaterial包裝材料的選用根據(jù)裝物的特點正確選擇。Theselectionofpackagingmaterialsshouldberightchoiceaccordingtothecharacteristicsofthebuilt-inobjects.變壓器產(chǎn)品的包裝材料以木質(zhì)材料為主，其材質(zhì)應(yīng)在保證包裝箱強度的前提下，根據(jù)經(jīng)濟環(huán)保原則選用非疫區(qū)的適當(dāng)樹種。主要受力構(gòu)件的選材為落葉松、加松、鐵杉、花旗松，非主要受力部位也可以選用人工合成或深度加工的木質(zhì)材料。所用實木需熏蒸處理。Packagingmaterialoftransformerisgivenprioritytowithwoodmaterialwhichshallbeundertheprerequisiteoftheintensityofpackingandtochoosetheappropriatetreespeciesinunaffectedareasaccordingtotheeconomicandenvironmentalprotectionprinciple.Selectionofmainstresscomponentsaredahurianlarch,pine,hemlockanddouglasfir.Themainstresspartsalsocanchoosesyntheticordeepprocessingofwoodmaterials.同一包裝箱的箱板色澤應(yīng)基本一致，寬窄均勻，外表面平整，無蟲眼和明顯毛刺。Theboardcolorofsamepackingcaseshouldbeconsistent.Ithastheuniformwidth,flatsurfaceandwithnobugandobviousburrs.滑木含水率不大于24%其它部位木材白含水率不大于20%Woodmoisturecontentisnotmorethan24%andotherpartsthemoisturecontentoflumberisnotmorethan20%.制箱木材各部位允許缺陷度見表1、表2,木材中各種缺陷的解釋和計算方法、斜紋的傾斜度檢量方法按GB/T155和GB/T4823的規(guī)定。

Eachpartofboxwoodallowingdefectsareshownintable1andtableInterpretationandcalculationmethodsofvariousdefectsinwood,theinclinationofthetwillcalibrationmethodareaccordingtoGB/T155andGB/T4823.表1木材的缺陷限度(滑木、端木、枕木)Table1Defectslimitofwood(slipperywood,terminalwood,crosstie)缺陷名稱Nameofdefects木材的允許缺陷限度alloweddefectslimitofwood滑木、端木、枕木等主要受力構(gòu)件slipperywood,terminalwood,crosstie,etcmainstresscomponents活節(jié)和死節(jié)Liveanddeadsection任意材長1000mm節(jié)子的個數(shù)不能超過5個，最大節(jié)子直徑不能超過材費的30%（死節(jié)必須修補），直徑不足5mm勺節(jié)亍不計。滑木與枕木的釘接部位不得啟死節(jié)。Anymaterialin1000mmlong,thenumberofknotisnomorethan5,thediameterofbiggestknotisnomorethan30%ofthematerialwidth(Deadknotmustberepaired.)Knotwithdiameterlessthan5mmisnotcounted.Nailpartsofslipperywoodandcrosstiecannothavedeadknots.腐朽Decayed不允許notallowed蟲孑］Wormhole不允許notallowed裂紋Crack裂紋長度不得超過材長的20%(寬度不足3mnft裂紋不計)，不允許有貫通裂紋Lengthofcrackisnomorethan20%ofmateriallength(crackwithwidthlessthan3mmisnotcounted),hole-throughcrackisnotallowed.鈍棱Wane鈍棱最嚴重的部分缺角寬度不得超過材寬的30%高度不得超過材厚的三分之一Abluntedgeofthemostseriouspartofthemissinganglewidthshallnotexceed30%ofthematerialwidth.Heightshouldnotexceedonethirdofthematerialthickness.彎曲？Curve順與、橫號/、得超過1%翹號小得超過2%Thebendingandtransversebendingshouldnotexceed1%.Crosswiseconcavingshouldnotexceed2%.斜紋Crossgrain紋理的傾斜度小得超過20%Theinclinationofthetextureshouldnotexceed20%.

表2木材的缺陷限度（箱板、箱檔）Table2Defectslimitofwood(boxboard,cleat)缺陷Defect允許缺陷限度alloweddefectslimit箱板boxboard箱檔cleat腐朽Decayed不允許notallowed蟲眼Wormhole不許后notallowedKnot死節(jié)Deadknot直徑自5mml^下不計。最大節(jié)子直徑不大于單板寬度30%(每塊箱面只允許一個)，脫落節(jié)子需堵實Diameterbelow5mmsnotcounted.Thelargestdiameterofknotisnomorethan30%ofveneerwidth(Eachboxsideallowsonlyone).Knotdroppedoffshouldbeblockedup.最大節(jié)子直徑不大于檔寬25%Thelargestdiameterofknotisnomorethan25%ofcrosspiecewidth.活節(jié)Liveknot最大節(jié)子直徑不大于單板寬度50%Thelargestdiameterofknotisnomorethan25%ofveneerwidth.最大節(jié)子直徑不大于檔寬30%Thelargestdiameterofknotisnomorethan30%ofcrosspiecewidth.?裂紋Crack裂長不大于板長20%裂寬不大于2mm橫裂不許有Lengthofcrackisnomorethan20%ofplank.Widthofcrackisnomorethan2mm.Transversefissureisnotallowed.裂長不大于檔長10%裂寬不大于1mm橫裂不許有Lengthofcrackisnomorethan10%ofcrosspiece.Widthofcrackisnomorethan1mm.Transversefissureisnotallowed.夾皮Barkpocket不許有notallowed斜紋Crossgrain斜紋的傾斜度不得超過20%Theinclinationofthecrossgrainshouldnotexceed20%專屯棱Wane箱面上、下口鈍棱缺角尺寸不許有，中間、兩端鈍棱缺角尺寸不大于板厚30%Undertheboxsurface,bluntedgemissinganglesizeisnotallowedtohave.Bothendandmiddlebluntedgemissinganglesizeisnotmorethan30%ofveneerthickness.鈍棱缺角尺寸不大于板厚25%Abluntedgemissinganglesizeisnotmorethan25%ofveneerthickness.注：所有節(jié)子缺陷，在板、檔兩端著釘圍不得超過單板、箱檔寬度的25%鈍棱面必須朝里。Note:Alldefectsofknots,onbothendsofplate,thepinscopeshallnotexceed25%ofthesingleboard,boxgearwidth,bluntedgesurfacemustbeinwards.膠合板Plywood膠合板選用GB/T9846.3-2004《膠合板第3部分：普通膠合板通用技術(shù)條件》中規(guī)定的田類膠合板。PlywoodchooseGB/T9846.32004PlywoodTheThirdPart:GeneralTechnicalConditionsofOrdinaryPlywoodofIIIkindofplywood.頂蓋載荷Thetopload施于橫梁的頂蓋載荷，按頂蓋面積規(guī)定為為5.0kPa(510kgf/mj。Inbeamtopload,asstipulatedintheheadareaof5.0kPa(510KGF/m2).堆碼載荷Stackingload施于側(cè)面的堆碼載荷，按頂蓋面積規(guī)定如表3。Forstackingloadtotheside,itisstipulatedintheroofareasuchastable3.表3堆碼載荷Table3Stackingload裝物重量(kg)weightofbuilt-inobjects(kg)，八一…2堆碼載何kPa(kgf/m)2stackingloadkPa(kgf/m)<500010.0(1020)5000~1000015.0(1530)>1000020.0(2040)注：本規(guī)格中，頂蓋載荷主要是指橫梁支撐的上部載荷；堆碼載荷主要是指側(cè)框支撐的上部載荷。因此,直接放置比頂蓋寬度小的貨物時，頂蓋載荷和堆碼載荷發(fā)生作用，放置與頂蓋寬度相同的貨物或使用比頂蓋寬度大的合適貨物時，主要是堆碼載荷發(fā)生作用。Note:Inthisspecification,toploadmainlyreferstotheupperloadsupportedbybeam;stackingloadmainlyreferstotheupperpartoftheloadsupportedbysideoftheframe.Therefore,whenplacedthegoodssmallerthantopwidthdirectly,toploadandstackingloadmilitate.Whenplacedthegoodssameasthetopwidthorusedtherightgoodsislargerthanthetopwidth,stackingloadmainlymilitate.間隙Gap為防止裝物因接觸框架木箱的面而引起損傷，在其間充填緩沖材料或留出適當(dāng)間隙，單面間隙30mmInordertopreventthebuilt-inobjectsdamagecausedbycontactwiththefaceoftheframewoodenbox,fillingbuffermaterialsamongthemorleavingappropriategap.Singlegapis30mm.尺寸的表示方法Expressivemethodsofsize包裝箱的尺寸用尺寸或外尺寸表示，根據(jù)表4規(guī)定。Accordingtotheprovisionsoftable4,weexpresspackingsizewiththesizeoroutsidedimensions.表4包裝箱的尺寸表示Table4Dimensionsindicatedofpackingcase名稱尺寸外尺寸nameInsidedimensionExternaldimension長(L)端支柱的面間距離長+（端柱厚+端外板厚）X2寬(W)ThedistancebetweentheInseamlength+(thicknessofendpostiWj(H)sidepillaroftheinside+thicknessofplanking)*2側(cè)支柱的面間距離寬+（側(cè)柱厚+則外板厚）X2ThedistancebetweentheInnerwidth+(thicknessofcolumn+thicknesssidepillarsinsideoftestplate)*2側(cè)面上、下框兩外緣間的距離局+頂蓋厚+底座厚（滑木厚+輔助滑木厚+底板）Ontheside,thedistanceInnerheight+thicknessofheader+thicknessbetweenthetwoouterboxofbase(thicknessofslipperywood+thicknessofassistantslipperywood+floor)尺寸偏差Dimensionaldeviation木構(gòu)件寬度與厚度的尺寸偏差按表5規(guī)定。Dimensionaldeviationofthewidthandthicknessofthewoodenpiecesisstipulatedinthetable5.表5木構(gòu)件的寬度與厚度的尺寸偏差(mmTable5Dimensionaldeviationofwidthandthicknessoftimbercomponents(mm)尺寸圍Rangeofsizes偏差Deviation<20-1~+220~100>100包裝箱的結(jié)構(gòu)Thestructureofthepacking底座Base底盤是木箱的底面，并且在上面安裝側(cè)板和端板，起支撐裝載物的作用，底座的結(jié)構(gòu)見圖1。底座各構(gòu)件尺寸見表6Baseisthebottomofthecaseonwhichlateralplateandendplateareinstalled.Itsroleistosupportthestowage.Thestructureofthebaseasshowninpicture1.Sizesofeachcomponentofbaseareshownintable6.圖1底座結(jié)構(gòu)Picture1bottomstructure注：底座(或底盤、底架木)上放上裝物后，在未進行固定加固、綁扎等或未裝側(cè)板，端板之前，不得單靠底盤進行起吊等裝卸作業(yè)。Note:Built-inobjectsputonbase(orchassis,timberunderframe),withoutfixedreinforcement,binding,etcorwithoutinstallinglateralplateandendplate,chassiswouldnotbeallowedtoliftinghandlingoperation,etcalone.滑木Slipperywood滑木一般應(yīng)均勻排布，但對底板兼枕木的形式，若裝物底座用螺栓固定在滑木上，限于螺栓孔位置，滑木的位置可以適當(dāng)偏移。Slipperywoodshouldbeevenlyarrangedgenerally.Butfortheformofbaseplateandcrosstie,ifthebaseofbuilt-inobjectsisfixedonslipperywoodwithbolts,becauseoftheboltholeposition,thepositionofslipperywoodcanbeskewappropriately.滑木的中心間隔一般不大于1200mm需用叉車橫向進叉裝卸時，滑木的中心間隔應(yīng)不大于1000mm(裝物重量為1500kg以下的，應(yīng)不大于800mm,超過規(guī)定的間隔，中間應(yīng)增加相同截面的滑木。Thecenterintervaloftheslipperywoodisgenerallynotmorethan1200mm.Whenneedtousetheforkliftintotheforkloadingandunloadingcrosswise,thecenterintervaloftheslipperywoodisgenerallynotmorethan1000mm(weightofbuilt-inobjectsbelow1500kg,shouldnotbegreaterthan800mm).Inexcessoftheprescribedintervals,weshouldincreaseslipperywoodwiththesamecrosssection.滑木應(yīng)盡量采用一根整木，若長度不夠時，可以對接，但對接的位置不能在長度的中心處，而且各滑木的對接位置應(yīng)錯開。Slipperywoodshouldadoptapieceofcompletelog.Ifthelengthisnotenough,itcanbebuttjointbutthedockingpositioncannotbeinthecenterofthelength.Andthedockingpositionofeachslidewoodshouldstagger.表6底座各構(gòu)件的尺寸mmTable6Sizesofcomponentsoffloormm裝物重量kgWeightofbuilt-inobjectskg滑木Slipperywood端木terminalwood(寬x厚)(width*thickness)端木與滑木聯(lián)結(jié)用螺栓直徑Diameterofboltsforterminalwoodandslipperywoodjointingmm底板的厚度Thicknessoffloor箱的長Inseamlength尺寸Sizes(寬X厚)(width*thickness)木板boardmm膠合板plywoodmm《1000350090>6060>60M10或鋼釘Orsteelnail155.51000?50005000120M20100X100M121895000?100007000150M50120X120M1621126.1.2端木Terminalwood端木用螺栓或鋼釘安裝在滑木上，端木外側(cè)面距滑木端部的距離等于端木的厚度，端木的尺寸及其與滑木聯(lián)結(jié)用螺栓的直徑按表6的規(guī)定，端木的長度與寬相同。Terminalwoodisinstalledonslipperywoodwithboltsandsteelnails.Thelateralaspectofterminalwoodfromslipperywoodenddistanceisequaltothethicknessofterminalwood.Sizeofterminalwoodanddiameterofboltscouplingwithslipperywoodareaccordingtotheprovisionsintable6.枕木Crosstie主要起支撐裝物的作用，尺寸根據(jù)包裝箱滑木位置、裝物的重量及形狀等來決定。枕木規(guī)格應(yīng)符合裝物對包裝箱的強度要求，具體按GB/T7284-1998中5.1.5規(guī)定。Ithastheroleofsupportingbuilt-inobjects.Thesizeisdecidedaccordingtothelocationofpackagingcaseslipperywood,weightandshapeofbuilt-inobjects.Thespecificationsofcrosstieshouldbeconsistentwiththestrengthofthebuilt-inobjectsforpackagingrequirements.Specificsituationisaccordingtoregulation5.1.5inGB/T7284-1998.枕木用螺栓或鋼釘安裝在滑木上，聯(lián)結(jié)螺栓或鋼釘?shù)闹睆桨幢?的規(guī)定。Crosstieisinstalledonslipperywoodbyboltsorsteelnails.Diameterofcouplingboltsorsteelnailsisaccordingtothestipulationintable7.表7枕木的安裝Table7Installingofcrosstie枕木的厚度Thicknessofcrosstiemm安裝方法Installationmethod<60用鋼J車丁車丁bysteelnail60~90用M10螺栓緊固fixedbyM10bolts90?150用M12螺栓緊固fixedbyM12bolts>150用M16螺栓緊固fixedbyM16bolts底板Baseplate底板寬度不應(yīng)小于200mm厚度按表6規(guī)定使用。底板用鋼釘安裝在滑木上。Widthofbaseplateshouldnotlessthan200mm,thethicknessusedasthestipulationinthetable6.Baseplateisinstalledonslipperywoodwithsteelnail.6.2側(cè)面與端面Sideandendface側(cè)板和端板Lateralplateandendplate側(cè)板裝在滑木上承受堆碼載荷，同時起通過滑木支撐貨物的作用。Lateralplateinstalledontheslipperywoodbearsstackingloadandhastheroleofsupportinggoodsthroughslipperywood.端板裝在yt木上層，兩端都有，起支撐堆碼載荷的作用。Endplateisinstalledinthetopofwood.Bothsideshaveit.Ithastheroleofsupportingth