電容式觸控面板電極布局之設計與分析

ComputerAidedDesignofElectrodePatterninCapacitiveTouchPanels￥:?T:·E¤~¤(VisualBasicforApplication)μyUoiXMpuCuiNqeOWqAuhwqNiHteXq×CuiHYupq×Aqu×AiHuhta×q×CbqXAiHBDpqiHoqu×CApueX×X10.2TqeOCVBATq10.2AOPzjiHABniBqeBqCqu×OvTqeOIImAqGOvTqu×DAHhMOq×hqu×CPepper(1983)′Xq×hqu×ALoq×OhBsqCTalmage(1987)′XFtq×ALoqAhOPqHCDunthorn(1991)μoFbYhOPqCoXgmiHDhHq×hqCMAbpPoq×OOAHbFXpPRxAYusqeOyCPDA?AGibsonMTq×OVBA(VisualBasicforApplication)μyoMpuAuNqoAKiHBtapXPoq×CouOwqAbWhwqnqXoCAAgXRCboputFAbiHhwqq×~HmXhqHXoCGiHhwqXATiHMwCpqGAiHwqCpqoCbuX12.2Tq×PMq×iCAA(ActiveArea)°PeA~iHwqnAA(ActiveArea)°aCquiHPmqCNqqVOVOYuqAPmqpCpuftoCGsX1.3%?AqXu×TqeOCqu×1.77%?C10.21.￥XFXpPRvCqu×qeODnAqGvTqCFMpuAuNqoAKiHBtapXPoq×CRGNAiHpuftt×q×C2.°puOwqAbWwqqXoCAAgXRCpiHtwqq×AYuFcq×CBpuXq×BiC3.±qCPqXGiHDnWYmqAiHWWemqOArea)°aCquiHPmqCNqqVOVOYuqAPmqpCpuftCGsXqXu×10.2TqeOCqu×1.77%?CAutoCADqUpuyAAsqeOyVBA(VisualBasicforApplication)μyo12.2Tq×PMNmqAA(Active1.3%?ACOMPUTERAIDEDDESIGNOFELECTRODEPATTERNINCAPACITIVETOUCHPANELStudent:Chung-WenLaiAdvisor:Shih-MingYangABSTRACTThisthesisaimsatdevelopinganefficientmethodfordesigningtheelectrodepatternincapacitivetouchpanel.Thelinearityoftheelectricalfieldonthecapacitivetouchpanelisveryimportanttothequalityofthetouchpanel,andthedistributionofsilverelectrodesonthepanelisthekeytoimprovetheelectricfield.AparametricdesigntoolisestablishedundertheVisualBasicforApplication(VBA)programlanguage.Thedimensionsofthesilverelectrodeareparameterizedinthisparametricdesigntool.Theelectrodepatterncanbeestablishedbydefiningtheseparameters.Thistoolnotonlycanshortenthetimeofdesigningtheelectrodepattern,butalsocanadjustthegeometryofsilverelectrodeseasily.A12.2inchelectrodepatternisdesignedbyusingthisparametricdesigntooltoprovethefeasibilityofthistool.Sevenkindsofelementgeometrytestcanbeusedtoadjustthelayoutofthesilverelectrodesforgoodlinearity.Finally,a10.2inchelectrodepatternisfabricatedandvalidated.iCONTENTSPageABSTRACT…………...iCONTENTS…………..iiLISTOFTABLES…………...………iiiLISTOFFIGURES………...………..ivChapter1Introduction1.1Motivation…………………...11.2TypesofTouchPanels……….11.3LiteratureReview……………41.4Outline……………………….7Chapter2ParametricDesignToolofElectrodePatterninTouchPanel2.1CADonElectrodeBoard……….…………..122.2TheIdeaofEstablishingModel……………132.3DrawingandAnalyzingthe12.2InchElectrodePattern…162.4Conclusion…………….……17Chapter3DesignandAnalysisofElectrodePatternonCapacitiveTouchPanel3.1Introduction………….……….……………..283.2TheTestofElementGeometry……...…283.3DesignanElectrodePatternon10.2InchCapacitiveTouchPanel………...353.4Fabricatingthe10.2InchCapacitiveTouchPanel……………….…………393.5Conclusion……………….….40Chapter4SummaryandConclusionsReferences…..…………………….…62iiLISTOFTABLESTablePage1.1ComparisonofTouchPanel……………...42.1ElementGeometryinElectrodePatternDesign………….………153.1SingleElementTestonChangingtheLength…...…..……………293.2IntegralElementTestonChangingtheLength…………….…………..…………293.3SingleElementTestonChangingtheWidth….………...………..313.4IntegralElementTestonChangingtheWidth…………………313.5SingleElementTestonChangingthePosition…………...………323.6IntegralElementTestonChangingthePosition…….……………323.7SingleElementTestonChangingtheGeometry……...333.8IntegralElementTestonChangingtheGeometry…………..……333.9SingleElementTestonChangingtheDistancebetweenTwoElements………343.10IntegralElementTestonChangingtheDistancebetweenTwoElements…..……343.11SingleElementTestonCuttingtheElementinHorizontalDirection……..……..343.12IntegralElementTestonCuttingtheElementinHorizontalDirection…..………343.13SingleElementTestonCuttingtheElementinVerticalDirection.………………353.14IntegralElementTestonCuttingtheElementinVerticalDirection…...…………35iiiLISTOFFIGURESFigurePage1.1Thestructureandtheworkprocessofoptictypetouchpanel…………...81.2Thestructureandtheworkprocessofacousticwavetypetouchpanel.…………91.3Thestructureandtheworkprocessofcapacitivetypetouchpanel………………101.4Thestructureandtheworkprocessofresistivetypetouchpanel……..………...112.1TheuserinterfaceofVBA………………….…..192.2Theworkprocessofdesigningtheelectrodepattern……..………202.3Thefirstparametricdialogueboxofelectrodepatterndesign...………….………212.4Thesecondparametricdialogueboxofelectrodepatterndesign……….……..222.5Thethirdparametricdialogueboxofelectrodepatterndesign…...………….…..232.6Thefourthparametricdialogueboxofelectrodepatterndesign…242.7Theanalysisresultofdesignedpatterninverticaldirection…...252.8Theanalysisresultofdesignedpatterninhorizontaldirection………………252.9TheuserinterfaceofANSYS……………...……..262.10ThegeometryofU.S.patent...……………………272.11TheanalysisresultofU.S.patentinhorizontaldirection……………...…………273.1Themethodofmeasuringthevoltage……………….……………423.2(a)Thelengthchange(b)Thewidthchange……………433.3Thefirstequipotentiallineandtheintervalbetweentwoequipotentiallines……443.4(a)Thepositionchange(b)Thegeometrychange(c)Theintervalchange………453.5(a)Thehorizontalcut(b)Theverticalcut………………….…463.6Thegeometryofmiddleelement….….………..…473.7Theinitialelectrodepattern...………...……..483.8Thehorizontalelectricfieldoftheinitialelectrodepattern…………..………49iv3.9Thepositionoftheidealequipotentiallines...……503.10Themiddleelementandedgeelementadjustment…….………..…...…………513.11Theelementofthethirdpartadjustment………………...………….……………523.12Theverticalelectricfieldoftheinitialelectrodepattern………533.13Thefinalelectrodepattern………………..………543.14Thehorizontalelectricfieldofthefinalelectrodepattern……………..…………553.15Theprocessoffabricatingthetouchpanel………………..……...563.16TheeGalaxcompanycontroller….….……………573.17The10.2inchcapacitivetouchpanel...…………….………..583.18Thelinearitytestonthe10.2inchcapacitivetouchpanel……59vChapter1Introduction1.1MotivationTouchpanelsareintegrateddirectlyontothescreenandtheymakeproductslighterandsmallerwithaddedportabilityandconvenience.Inaddition,theycaneliminateunskilledusers’fearofusingcomputers.ApplicationproductsoftouchpanelincludingPDA,mobiletelephone,GPSnavigatepanel,e-book,ATM.Theaimofthisstudyisintegratingwiththedesignandtheanalysisonelectrodepatternofcapacitivetouchpanel.Thelinearityoftheelectricfieldisveryimportantandthelayoutofsilverelectrodesinfluencesthelinearityofthetouchpaneldirectly.Manyresearchesonimprovingthelinearityofthetouchpanelarepresented.However,spendingthetimeondesigningtheelectrodepatterninanysizeisaseriousdefect.VisualBasicforApplication(VBA)programlanguageisutilizedtodevelopaparametricdesigntool.Thedimensionsofthesilverelectrodeareparameterizedandtheelectrodepatterncanbeestablishedbydefiningtheseparameters.ThisparametricdesigntoolandthefunctionofchangingthecoordinatesonanobjectinAutoCADcanbeusedtorevisetheelectrodepatternwhentheanalysisresultisunsatisfied.Theparametricdialogueboxutilizedinthistoolcansimplifytheprocessofconstructingthemodel.Inaddition,thetestofelementgeometrycanbeusedtoadjustthegeometryofthesilverelectrodesforgoodlinearity.Theusernotonlycanhaveaninitialconceptondesigningtheelectrodepatternbythesetestingresultsbutalsocanshortenthetimeofdesigningtheelectrodepattern.1.2TypesofTouchPanelsThetouchpanelapplicationcanbedividedfrompersonaldigitaldevicestopopularfacilitiesdevices;mechanicsandsizeofproductsusedindifferentfieldsarenotthesame.1Andthetechnologicalprincipleoftouchpanelcanbedividedintofollowingseveralkinds:(1)Optictype:Thecomponentdeviceofoptictypetouchpanelincludesglasssubstrate;infraredlightemittingdiode(LED)andinfraredrayreceiver,anarrayofLED/receiverpairsaremountedontwooppositesidestocreateagridofinvisibleinfraredlight.Itistoutilizetheprincipleofreceivingthelightsource.Touchpaneliscoveredwithlightsourceandreceiverandmadeupmatrixthere.Whenausertouchesthedisplayresultinginobstructingoneormoreofthelightbeam,receiversfromeachaxiswilldetecttheabsenceoflightandtransmitsignalsthatidentifytheXandYcoordinatestothecomputerasshowninFig.1.1.Theadvantageoftheoptictypetouchpanelisgooddependabilityandtransmittance.TheoptictypetouchpanelisappliedonATM,medicalsystem,etc.(2)Acousticwavetype:Acousticwavetypetouchpanelismadeoftransmittingtransducers,receivingtransducers,reflectors,andacontroller.Transmittingtransducersarelocatedalongthehorizontalandtheverticaledgesofaglassplateandreceivingtransducersarelocatedattheoppositeedgesoftheglassplate.Theacousticwavetechnologyusesinaudiblesoundwavestravelingoverthesurfaceofaglasspanel.First,theelectricalsignalisconveyedfromcontrollertothetransmittingtransducer,andtheelectricalsignalwillbetransferredtoacousticwave,furthermore,itpassesthroughthesurfaceofglassplatetoanarrayofreflectorsdirectly.Reflectorsontheoppositesidegatheranddirectthewavestothereceivingtransducer,whichreconvertsthemintoanelectricalsignal.Finally,thesignalwillbetransmittedbacktothecontrollerthatsavesthenormalconditioninformation.Whenausertouchesthescreen,thefingerwillabsorbsomeacousticwaves,thewaveformwillbechangedatthismoment,andthisreducedenergywillbedetected,thentheXorYcoordinatelocationwillbecalculatedasshowninFig.1.2.Theadvantageoftheacoustic2wavetypetouchpanelisgoodprotectionandhigherdotsperinch.Itisappliedforkiosk,andautomaticticketsystem.(3)Capacitivetype:Aglasssubstrateisplatedaconductivelayerandthenanelectrodepatternismadeonit,finally,coveringwithaprotectivelayeronthesurface.Theprincipleofcapacitivetouchpanelisgivingvoltagesonfourcornersofthescreentomakeastableelectricfield,whenausertouchesthescreen,transparentelectrodeandstaticelectricitywiththehumanbodythatproducesthecapacitancechange,thenaccordingtotheinducingcurrenttomeasureitscoordinatesasshowninFig.1.3.Becauseitisonlyprintedelectrodesandtransmittedthesignalsononeglass,sothetransmittanceofcapacitivetouchpanelisover90%betterthanresistivetypetouchpanel.Itisgoodatpreventingthedustandthedamage,furthermoreithasfastresponse.ItisappliedforATM,outdoorguidesystem,etc.(4)Resistivetype:ItconsistsofapairofITOconductivelayers,spacerdots,andanelectrodelayer.ITOglassisusedtobeasubstratecoveredwithanITOfilmabove,andspreadingspacerdotsbetweentheITOglassandITOfilmtopreventcontact,afterwardsprintingthesilverelectrodesalongtheedgetoprovideavoltage.Whenusing,avoltageisalternatelyappliedtothehorizontalandtheverticalaxes.Whentheupperlayerispressedandcontactingwiththeupperconductivelayer,thatvoltageissensedandsenttoacontrollerthatcontainsananalog-to-digitalconverter.ThevoltageisconvertedtoadigitalXorYtoindicatethetouchlocationasshowninFig.1.4.Itisbecausethattheresistivetypetouchpanelisinducedbypressure,sothereisnolimitabouttouchingmedium.Therefore,itisappliedintheenvironmentwithoutthelimitationoftouchingmedium,forinstance,supervisorycontrolapparatus,PDA,andindustrycontrol,etc.Thecomparison3oftouchpanelsisshowninTable1.1.Table1.1ComparisonofTouchPanel.(FromHo,2003)ResolutionOpticalclarityTouchlifeInfraredAcoustic1024×1024About1200/sq.in80~85%Millions100%ManymillionsAbout1200/sq.in100000/sq.in92%Manymillions75~85%ManymillionsVery1.3LiteratureReviewThetouchpanelappearedin1974,butitcametomaturityuntilthatSiemensCorporationproposedElographicssoftglasssensorsin1977.Thetechnologiesoftouchpanelandproductshavebeenappliedinourdailylifemorethantenyears.Touchpanelswerelimitedbythecostinearlystages,soputtingonthepublicmachineplatforms,andPOS/POI(PointofSales/PointofInformation)isthemainapplication.Withthechangeofcommunicationtechnologyandthetrendoflighter,smaller,shorterofinformationproductsinrecentyears,inaddition,thecomputeroperationsystemistransferredtoGUI(GraphicUserInterface)thatpromptsthecomputersystemmoreuser-friendly.Anditisbecausethatthemouseandthekeyboardaretoobigtocarry,sothetouchpanelbecomesthestandardequipmentofportableproducts.Manyresearchesshowedthemethodtoenhancetheaccuracyofdeterminingthetouchingpoint.Thewayofimprovingthecapacitivetouchpanelcanbedividedintoreformingthecontrollerandmendingtheelectrodepatterntoenhancethelinearityoftheelectricalfield.Manymeanshavebeendonetoenhancetheprecisionofconvertingthe4currentsignalintothetouchingcoordinateviaimprovingthemethodofcontrollingthecapacitivetouchpanel.Pepper(1981)proposedageneralmethodforaccuratelydeterminingthelocationorpositionofasourceorsinkofelectriccurrentonthesurfaceofaresistanceelementorimpedancelayer.Touchpanelembodimentdeterminesthepositionoftheuser’sfingerfromcurrentscausedbyambientelectricalnoise.KreinandMeadows(1988)presentedaquasistaticelectricfieldappliedtoasemiconductingcoatingonthecapacitivetouchpanelsurface.Atouchdrawscurrentfromthesurface;thiscurrentcanbeusedtocomputeposition.Ifthecomputationisperformedproperly,thecomputedpositionisindependentoftouchcurrentandpanelcoatingresistivity.Jhang(2003)proposedamethodofcontrollingthecapacitivetouchpanel.Afterinputtingthestablealternatingvoltage,thecurrentobtainedisamplified.Thecurrentdifferencebeforeandaftertouchingisconvertedtogetthetouchingcoordinate.Theabovestudyimprovesthecontrollerofcapacitivetouchpanel.However,theadjustmentofdeterminingthetouchpointbythecontrollerislimitedasthelinearityoftheelectricalfieldisbad.Sothekeyofenhancingtheprecisionofdeterminingthetouchingpointisimprovingtheelectrodepattern.Thedifferentelectrodepatternsinventedaredescribedinthefollowingarticles.Pepper(1983)inventedtheedgeterminationstoprovidelinearizationoftheelectricfield.Theedgeterminationsareconstitutedbyaseriesofparallelranksorrowsofconnectivesegmentsoverlaid,inlaidorprintedateachedgeofthepolygonalsurfacewiththeinnermostroworrankbeingshortstraightsegmentsandthelengthofeachsegmentofthenextinnermostrow,respectively,beinglonger.Thecentralsegmentineachroworrankiselectricallyinterconnectedwiththecentralsegmentsintheotherrows.Jheng(2002)proposedanimprovedtouchpanelbychangingthelayoutoftheresistanceconductivelines.Severalresistanceconductivelinesaresetonthesurfaceofthetouch5panel.Theresistivelinesintheoneoftheregionsaresmallerthanothers.Itisbecausethattolettheeveryregionhassamevoltages.Bythisway,thetouchpanelcandecidethetouchpointaccurately.Theconceptofestablishingtheelectrodepatternbyaseriesofparallelranksorrowsofsilverlinesinabovepatentsisutilizedonaparametricdesigntooldevelopedinthisthesis.Soausercandecidethenumberofparallelranksorrowsofsilverlines.However,whentheaspectratioofthemonitorischanged,thefixedelectrodepatterninthispatentcannotsupportthetouchpanelforgoodlinearity.Therefore,theparametricdesigntoolcanbeusedtoconstructanysizeelectrodepattern.Bloometal.(1986)presentedanimprovedtouchpanelandamethodthatincreasingthepercentageofusefulareaofatouch-sensitivepanelincludeselectrodeelementsinelectricalcommunicationwithanelectricallyconductivelayerofknownspatialimpedancecharacteristics.Thetouchpanelstructureincorporatesimprovedelectrodestructureandelectrodetoimpedancelayerinterfacingelementswhichimpactamorelinearmappingfunctionwithinanexpandedtouch-sensitiveregionoftheresistivelayer.Thetouchpanelcanbeutilizedinageneraltouch-mappingsystemwithoutresorttoextensivemappingcoordinatecorrectionapparatusofearliersystems.Althoughthepercentageofusefulareaofatouchpanelisincreased,theregionsetthesilverlinesistoolargetoatouchpanelinthepresentday.Andthelinearityoftheelectricalfieldproducedbythelayoutofanelectrodepatterninthispatentcan’tachievethedemandatpresent.Theareaofsettingthesilverlinescanbecontrolledinthisdesigntoolandthelinearitycanbeadjustedbythistoolasanalysisresultisunsatisfied.GibsonandTalmage(1987)showedaresistorelectrodetypetouchsensorhavingenhancedareaoflinearresponsebyreducingthebowinperimetersofthesensorandthemethodofaccomplishingthesame.Dunthorn(1991)reportedaresistortypeofgradientsheetforatouchsensorhavingreducedrippleandbowofequipotentiallinesalongedges6andinthecornersofthesensor.T-shapedelectrodesofaselectedeffectivelengthandspacingareattachedtotheresistivesurface,thelengthandspacingselectedtosubstantiallyeliminatethebowoftheequipotentialfields.Theabovetwoworks,althoughtheelectrodepatternisinventedtoimprovethelinearity,thetimeofadjustingthesizeofelectrodepatterninanysizeistoolong.Theconceptofrevisingthepatterncanbeobtainedbytheresultofelementgeometrytestinthisthesis.Sothetimeofestablishingtheelectrodepatterncanbereduced.Freyetal.(2003)showedtheinterestofusingfiniteelementsimulationsinassociationwithpartialdischargemeasurementstodetermineandlocalizethemaximumfieldvalues.MyattandMarston(1994)presentedacoupledelectromagneticandnonlinearstructuralanalysisofa4.5teslasuperconductingMHDdipolemagnet.Fromtheabovetechnicalliterature,theytakealongtimetoconstructthemodelinANSYS.Inthisthesis,theplatformofestablishingthemodelisdeveloped.Themodelisparameterizedtoshortenthetimeofconstructingandtheanalysisprocessissimplified.1.4OutlineThemotivationofthisthesisisdescribedinchapter1.Thenitisintroducedwithfourkindprinciplesoftouchpanelandtherearemanypeopleimprovethetouchpanelandcreatenumerousnewtechnologiesareintroducedinliteraturereview.Inchapter2,itisexplainedthathowtooperatetheVBAtodeveloptheparametricdesigntoolandtheideaofwiringisalsoillustrated.Afterwards,theparametricdesigntoolisutilizedtodrawa12.2inchelectrodepattern.ThenthefeasibilityofthedesignprocessisprovedbyimportingtheelectrodepatterntoANSYS.Inchapter3,sevenelementgeometrytestsareusedtolettheusersrealizehowtoadjustthelayoutofelectrodepatternandthe10.2inchelectrodepatternoncapacitivetouchpanelisdrawnandfabricated.Finally,thereisaconclusionaboutwholethesisinchapter4.7EdgeofActiveDisplayAreaOpto-MatrixFrameInsideBezelGridofInfraredLightInsideandOutsideEdgesofInfraredTransparentFigure1.1Thestructureandtheworkprocessofoptictypetouchpanel.(FromELOTouchSystem)8TransducersTransducersTransducersReflectionsoneachaxisdivertTheultrasonicburstacrossthetouchscreenFigure1.2Thestructureandtheworkprocessofacousticwavetypetouchpanel.(FromELOTouchSystem)9ProcessandComponentsClearTek3000OvercoatFinishedSensorProductElectrodePatternConductiveCoatingGlassConductiveCoatingMinuteamountofvoltageappliedtoallcornersoftouchscreenUniformelectricfieldTouchdrawscurrentfromeachcornerofelectricfieldcontrollerMeasurestheratioofcurrentstodeterminetouchlocationFigure1.3Thestructureandtheworkprocessofcapacitivetypetouchpanel.(From3MTouchSystem)10ITOconductivelayerSpacerdotITOconductivecoatingGlassbottomcircuitlayerTopcircuitlayerHardcoatonsurfaceAflexiblehard-coatedpolyesterfilmisoverlaidonarigidglasslayerFigure1.4Thestructureandtheworkprocessofresistivetypetouchpanel.(FromELOTouchSystem)11Chapter2AParametricDesignToolofElectrodePatterninTouchPanel2.1CADonElectrodeBoardFromtheprincipleofthecapacitivetouchpanel,thelinearityofelectricfieldisveryimportant.Thekeyofinfluencingthelinearityofelectricfieldisthelayoutoftheelectrodepattern.Soanalyzingtheelectricalfieldoftheelectrodelayerisveryimportant.Inthisthesis,VisualBasicforApplication(VBA)programlanguageisutilizedthatinterfaceisshowninFig.2.1inwhichAutoCADistodevelopaparametricdesigntoolfordesigningelectrodepatternfast,furthermorecollocatingwithANSYSiscomputeraidedanalysissoftwaretoanalyzeandsimulate.AstoVBA,itisanobject-orientedprogrammingenvironmentanditsuppliesthefunctionofdevelopingthatsimilartoVisualBasiclanguage.Ingeneral,themaindiscrepancybetweenVBandVBAisexecutinginthesameprocedurespacewithAutoCAD,providinganintelligentAutoCADandaspeedyprogramdesignenvironment.Inaddition,VBAalsocanintegrateotherapplicationprograms,whichhaveVBAability.ItmeansthatAutoCADcanbeanautomationcontrollerinotherapplicationprograms,forinstance,MicrosoftWordorExcel.VBAwilltransmitthemessagesthroughtheAutoCADActiveXAutomationinterfacetotheAutoCAD,andAutoCADalsopermitsVBAenvironmentandAutoCADcanimplementatthesametime.Therefore,thewayofcombinationforAutoCAD,ActiveXAutomation,andVBAsuppliespowerfulinterface,notonlycancontrolinternalobjectsofAutoCADbutcantransmitorgetinformationbetweenotherapplicationprograms.TherearefouradvantagesforusingVBA:1.VBAislearnedandusedeasilyundertheVisualBasiclanguageenvironment,2.VBAandAutoCADareoperatedinthesameprocedure,itmeansthattheprogramscanbeexecutedveryfast,3.dialogueboxesareestablishedfastandeffectively,thatletdeveloper12prototypesapplicationprogramsandgetstheresponseofdesignfast,jectscanbeindependentorsetinthedrawings,thisflexibleselectionsuppliesdevelopersonsendingtootherapplicationprograms.Tothegeneralfiniteelementanalysissoftware,forinstance,I-DEAS,PATRAN,NASTRAN,MARC,etc.,thewaytoanalyzeisimportingtheentity'smodeldirectlyandutilizessolutionmoduletoanalyze,iftheusersareunsatisfiedwiththeanalysisresult,andwantstorevisethepartofmodel,theymustreviseentity'smodelagain,importstothesoftwareandanalyzesagain,makestheprocessofanalysisseemslong.VBAisutilizedtodevelopasetofparametertypedesigntool.Thesizeofthesilverlinesisparameterizedbythistool.Solongasauserfollowsthedialogueboxtodesignthepatternandthencanexecuteanalysisfast,shorteningthetimeofconstructionthemodelintheanalysis.Theprocessofdesigningtheelectrodepattern