(最新整理)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法歸納課件

(最新整理)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法歸納2021/7/261(最新整理)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法歸納2021/7/261動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法歸納2021/7/262動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法歸納2021/7/262不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、賓補(bǔ)、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時(shí)用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。不定式2021/7/263不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/nev1.作主語2.作賓語3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語4.作定語5.作狀語6.作表語7.作獨(dú)立成分8.與疑問詞等連用2021/7/2641.作主語2.作賓語3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語4.作定語5.1不定式作主語(subject)Toseeistobelieve.Tokeepsmiling

ishealthyforyou.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.若不定式太長,往往用it作形式主語,不定式后置。單個(gè)不定式作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Earlytoriseandearlytobedisagoodhabit．Whenandwheretoholdthepartyhasn’tbeendecided.Whentoholdthepartyandwheretoholdtheparty_________beendecided.haven’t2021/7/2651不定式作主語(subject)Toseeis2.作賓語1)．不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有許多，如want,decide,intend,expect,learn,manage,plan,promise,refuse,threaten,fail,wish,hope,pretend,choose等等。Imeantogothereatonce.Ihopetofinishtheworkintime.IplantogotoBeijingthissummer.2).不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式短語放在賓補(bǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語。句型為“主語+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容詞/名詞+todosth”。Ithinkitourdutytoobeythelaws.

Ifounditdifficulttoseehimhere.

2021/7/2662.作賓語1)．不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有許多，如want,de3)不定式用在介詞but,except,

后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Thereisnothingtodobutwait.(3).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.2021/7/2673)不定式用在介詞but,except,后時(shí),如果這些3．作表語不定式作表語不定式作表語常表示解釋或表將來的動(dòng)作，主語常常是表示意向、打算、計(jì)劃的詞，如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job.Toteachistolearn.Myjobistohelpthepatient.Myambitionistobecomeateacher.Theoldmanseemstobesick.【注意】如果在主語中（通常在主語從句或修飾主語的定語從句中）有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，作表語的動(dòng)詞不定式省略to。AllIwanttodonowisfillmystomach.2021/7/2683．作表語不定式作表語不定式作表語常表示解釋或表將來的動(dòng)作，4．作賓語補(bǔ)足語Heaskedmetogowithhim.Hedidn’tallowmetogooutalone.【注意】在感官動(dòng)詞（see,hear,feel,listento,notice,watch,observe等）和使役動(dòng)詞let,have，make后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to。但這類句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須帶to。Isawhimplayinthepark.→Hewasseentoplayinthepark.Thebossmadethosemenworkdayandnight.→Thosemenweremadetoworkdayandnight.Iheardhersingtoday．

→

Shewasheardtosingtoday．

2021/7/2694．作賓語補(bǔ)足語2021/7/2691.something,anything,nothing,everything,noone等不定代詞或名詞后常用不定式做后置定語。e.g.Ihavesomethingtosay.Heisnotamantotelllies.Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.

(5).定語與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需加介詞。Canyougivesomepaperto_________(write)?

Ihavenojewelryto_________(wear).Heislookingforaroomto____________(live).Heneedsafriendto__________(play).

Therearethreepairsofshoesforyouto_________(choose).

writeonwearliveinplaywithchoosefrom動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

主謂關(guān)系同位關(guān)系2021/7/26101.something,anything,nothin2.當(dāng)名詞被thefirst,thelast,theonly

等詞以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)

eg:

Sheisalwaysthefirst

tocomeandthelast

toleave.2021/7/26112.當(dāng)名詞被thefirst,thelast,th6.作狀語不定式作狀語時(shí)，可表示目的，原因，結(jié)果或條件。如;不定式作目的狀語時(shí)，?？膳cto,inorderto,soasto連用。Icameheretoseeyou.（目的）Hegotupearlysoasnottobelate. 不定式可以跟在表語的形容詞之后作狀語。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.。

2021/7/26126.作狀語不定式作狀語時(shí)，可表示目的，原因，結(jié)果或條件。如不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用如下句型Theroomisbigenoughtoholdus.Itis

suchabigroomastoholdus.Heissokindastohelpus.such+（形容詞）名詞+astodosthso+形容詞/副詞+astodosthHehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.（結(jié)果）Heistoooldtoliftthebox.2021/7/2613不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用如下句型Theroomisbig3.

表示原因:

不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作狀語,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.2021/7/26143.表示原因:eg:I’mglad/pleased(4).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語tobefrank,tobehonest(withyou),tomakethingsworse,Totell(you)thetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)2021/7/2615(4).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語tobefrank,Totel(8)不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,how,what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.注意：在與why連用時(shí)，只用于why或whynot開頭的簡(jiǎn)短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。

Whynothavearest?2021/7/2616(8)不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,how(9)不定式的省略(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要省略該動(dòng)詞.e.g.:---Wouldyouliketogowithme?---Yes,I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe結(jié)構(gòu),be不可省.(3)—Ididn’ttellhimthenews.

—Oh,yououghttohave(toldhimthenews).e.g.:---Wouldyouliketobeateacher?---Yes,I’dliketobe.2021/7/2617(9)不定式的省略(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Identifyitsfunction.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想2021/7/26181.Itisgoodtohelpothers.4.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)2021/7/26194.Idon’thavetimetositar8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmentto

givefinancialassistancetodisabled

people.(adverbial)(adverbial)(objectcomplement)2021/7/26208.IhavehadtoworkhardtoExercise2021/7/2621Exercise2021/7/26211.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____,butI’mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.(2004遼寧）

A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheardQuizIIMultipleChoice2021/7/26221.Idon’tknowwhetheryouha2.Thiscompanywasthefirst_____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordsintheworld.(2005上海春）

A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.produced2021/7/26232.Thiscompanywasthefirst3.____thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.(2006廣東）

A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making2021/7/26243.____thiscake,you’llneed4.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_____.(2008全國卷)A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed2021/7/26254.Ilikegettingupveryearl5.–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But__it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2008北京卷)A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding2021/7/26265.–DidthebookgivetheinfoPassage1.1.filled

2.

company(keepsbcompany)3.ing6.that/which7.WpletelyPassage2.1.like2.them3.before4.arebeingpolluted

5.wonder6.and7.an8.strictest9.totake10.that/whichPassage3.1.crowded2.But3.an4.eating5.who/that6.going.Besides/Mments9.recommended10.whateverPassage4.1.It2.viewers3.to4.But5.which6.performed7.the8.highlighting9.excited10.Though/AlthoughPassage5.1.lost2.a3.must4.that/which5.because6.worse7.tostay8.in/with9.saying10.wererescued2021/7/2627Passage1.1.filledPassage6.1.grew2.As3.called4.successful5.how6.that/anization9.her10.thePassage7.1.the2.it3.but4.exactly5.embarrassing6.wastaking7.parking8.when9.should10.timePassage8.1.it2.wasasked3.saying4.a5.only6.physically7.who8.strengths9.whether10.importantPassage9.1.their2.useless3.tomake4.beinspired5.a6.playing7.weight8.Besides/Moreover9.that10.So2021/7/2628Passage6.1.grewPpeting

4.different5.generally6.which7.them8.with9.ancestors10.ThePassage11.1.iscreated2.The3.actually4.from5.would（虛擬）6.tofigure7.idea8.waiting9.than10.while/butPblem

3.of

4.toaccept

5.petitive8.when9.higher10.that/which2021/7/2629Passage10.1.weret結(jié)構(gòu)

:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.

時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------2021/7/2630結(jié)構(gòu):todo二.時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式不定式的時(shí)態(tài)

不定式的一般式todo

Iamgladtoseeyou.Hehasdecidedtogivehersomemoney.Theyarediscussingthemeetingtotakeplacetomorrow.

表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。2021/7/2631不定式的時(shí)態(tài)不定式的一般式todo2021/7/2不定式的進(jìn)行式tobedoingIamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Hepretendedtobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim.He

issaidtobestudyinginAmerica.表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。2021/7/2632不定式的進(jìn)行式tobedoingIamverygl不定式的完成式tohavedoneHehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore.HeisbelievedtohavestudiedinAmerica.不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前。2021/7/2633不定式的完成式tohavedoneHehappeHewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidn’tgetthereintime.表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的期待或者計(jì)劃hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned…不定式的完成式tohavedoneHewouldliketohaveplayedtheviolinattheconcert.不定式的完成式在wouldlike后邊表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。

2021/7/2634HewantedtohavemetyouattExercises:1.Robertissaid_____________(study)abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhewillstudyin.2.Robertissaid______________(study)abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryheisstudyingin.3.Robertissaid______________(study)abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.2021/7/2635Exercises:2021/7/2635不定式的語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)todo被動(dòng)語態(tài)tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Thenextthingtobedoneistogetourclassroompainted.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.Heissaidtohavebeenpraised.2021/7/2636不定式的語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)todo2021/7/2636Thequestionisverydifficult（forme)toanswer.Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith.Heishardtotalkto.Theairishardtobreathe.1.主語＋be+adj.+todo能用于此句型的形容詞有:difficult,easy,fit,

hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人疲勞的),comfortable,interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.一般認(rèn)為形容詞后省去了forsb.

主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的不定式9）不定式在句中用主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式，多數(shù)情況下是容易判斷的，但有時(shí)的確比較復(fù)雜2021/7/2637ThequestionisverydifficulTheboxislightenoughtocarry.Theriverwateriswarmenoughtoswimin.2.主語+be+adj.+enough+todoThebooksseemedtooheavytocarry.Theiceistoothintoskateon.3.主語+be+too+adj.+todo2021/7/2638Theboxislightenoughtocar④在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式；如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情本身必須完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。

Thereisalotofworktodo.（Somebodyhastodothework.）

Thereisalotofworktobedone.（Theworkhastobedone.）

2021/7/2639④在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某

①不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。如：

Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?

(Akeyunlocksthedoor.)

②不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式。

Ihavegotaletter

towrite.(Iwriteletter.）

Heneedsaroom

tolivein.

（Helivesinaroom.）

2021/7/2640

①不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定

當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。如：

Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.

Itispossibleforourhopes

toberealized.

Do

youhaveanythingtowash?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashed?DoyouhaveanythingtobesenttoShanghai?

2021/7/2641

當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，幾對(duì)易混淆的詞組：stoptodosth.停下來去做某事

doingsth.停止做某事forgettodosth.忘記去做某事

doingsth.忘記已做了某事remembertodosth.記得去做某事

doingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做某事meantodo打算做某事

doing意味著trytodo盡力做

doing試著做considertobe認(rèn)為。。。是

doing考慮做某事can’thelpdo不能幫著做某事

doing忍不住做某事2021/7/2642幾對(duì)易混淆的詞組：remembertodosth.記1.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating2.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented2021/7/26431.Thepatientwaswarned____4.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep6.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake2021/7/26444.LittleJimshouldlove____7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottorideD.donotto2021/7/26457.Pauldoesn’thavetobemad10.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____,butI’mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.

A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard11.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake12.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects2021/7/264610.Idon’tknowwhetheryouh13.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see14.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit2021/7/264713.Havingatripabroadisce1愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。_____________________arebothgreathappiness.2據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。Heissaid_________________________________.3根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。Theyarereported___________________.Toloveandtobelovedtohavefinished/completedhiswork翻譯下面的句子tohavearrivedsafely2021/7/26481愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。Toloveandtob4我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車。Iwantthisbike___________________________________.5瑪利仿佛已經(jīng)被告知此事了。Maryseemed______________________.6眾所周知，奧運(yùn)會(huì)上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown_________________agoldmedalattheOlympics.toberepairedatoncetohavebeentoldaboutittohavebeengiven/immediately2021/7/26494我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車。toberepaired10．不定式符號(hào)to的保留問題

有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，可以用to來代替前面的不定式，這種情況常出現(xiàn)下列動(dòng)詞后：expect，prefer，care，mean，forget，want，wish，hope，try以及beglad/happy等后。

如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be，have，havebeen，這些詞要保留。如：

—Areyouonholiday?

—No,butI’dliketobe(onholiday).

—Ididn’ttellhimthenews.

—Oh,yououghttohave(toldhimthenews).—Doyouwanttotakeawalkwithme?—

Yes,I’mgladto.2021/7/265010．不定式符號(hào)to的保留問題

有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，可以用tThankYou

Goodbye!2021/7/2651ThankYou

Good5．定語1、不定式與被修飾的名詞往往構(gòu)成邏輯上的關(guān)系。如名詞為不定式的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系；若名詞為邏輯賓語，則構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；

Heisnotaman

totelllies.Therewillnotbeenoughspacetostandinontheearth.

2、作定語的不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)在該動(dòng)詞上加上一個(gè)介詞，如;Hehasanicepen

towritewith.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Heissaidthebestwaytotravelbyisonfoot.2021/7/26525．定語1、不定式與被修飾的名詞往往構(gòu)成邏輯上的關(guān)系。如名詞④在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式；如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情本身必須完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。

Thereisalotofworktodo.（Somebodyhastodothework.）

Thereisalotofworktobedone.（Theworkhastobedone.）

請(qǐng)注意下面兩個(gè)句子的含義是不同的：

Thereisnothingtodo.（無事可做，感到十分乏味。）

Thereisnothingtobedone.（某東西壞了，無法使之恢復(fù)正常。）

2021/7/2653④在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。1.不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：(1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

Ihavealotofworktodo.Givemeapentowritewith.

(2)主謂關(guān)系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.Hehasnoonetotakecareofhim.

(3)不定式前的名詞是它修飾的對(duì)象(同位關(guān)系)。Thisistherighttimetostart.Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.2021/7/2654不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之2021/7/26552021/7/2655(最新整理)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法歸納2021/7/2656(最新整理)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法歸納2021/7/261動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法歸納2021/7/2657動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法歸納2021/7/262不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、賓補(bǔ)、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時(shí)用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。不定式2021/7/2658不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/nev1.作主語2.作賓語3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語4.作定語5.作狀語6.作表語7.作獨(dú)立成分8.與疑問詞等連用2021/7/26591.作主語2.作賓語3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語4.作定語5.1不定式作主語(subject)Toseeistobelieve.Tokeepsmiling

ishealthyforyou.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.若不定式太長,往往用it作形式主語,不定式后置。單個(gè)不定式作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Earlytoriseandearlytobedisagoodhabit．Whenandwheretoholdthepartyhasn’tbeendecided.Whentoholdthepartyandwheretoholdtheparty_________beendecided.haven’t2021/7/26601不定式作主語(subject)Toseeis2.作賓語1)．不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有許多，如want,decide,intend,expect,learn,manage,plan,promise,refuse,threaten,fail,wish,hope,pretend,choose等等。Imeantogothereatonce.Ihopetofinishtheworkintime.IplantogotoBeijingthissummer.2).不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式短語放在賓補(bǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語。句型為“主語+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容詞/名詞+todosth”。Ithinkitourdutytoobeythelaws.

Ifounditdifficulttoseehimhere.

2021/7/26612.作賓語1)．不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有許多，如want,de3)不定式用在介詞but,except,

后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Thereisnothingtodobutwait.(3).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.2021/7/26623)不定式用在介詞but,except,后時(shí),如果這些3．作表語不定式作表語不定式作表語常表示解釋或表將來的動(dòng)作，主語常常是表示意向、打算、計(jì)劃的詞，如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job.Toteachistolearn.Myjobistohelpthepatient.Myambitionistobecomeateacher.Theoldmanseemstobesick.【注意】如果在主語中（通常在主語從句或修飾主語的定語從句中）有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，作表語的動(dòng)詞不定式省略to。AllIwanttodonowisfillmystomach.2021/7/26633．作表語不定式作表語不定式作表語常表示解釋或表將來的動(dòng)作，4．作賓語補(bǔ)足語Heaskedmetogowithhim.Hedidn’tallowmetogooutalone.【注意】在感官動(dòng)詞（see,hear,feel,listento,notice,watch,observe等）和使役動(dòng)詞let,have，make后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to。但這類句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須帶to。Isawhimplayinthepark.→Hewasseentoplayinthepark.Thebossmadethosemenworkdayandnight.→Thosemenweremadetoworkdayandnight.Iheardhersingtoday．

→

Shewasheardtosingtoday．

2021/7/26644．作賓語補(bǔ)足語2021/7/2691.something,anything,nothing,everything,noone等不定代詞或名詞后常用不定式做后置定語。e.g.Ihavesomethingtosay.Heisnotamantotelllies.Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.

(5).定語與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需加介詞。Canyougivesomepaperto_________(write)?

Ihavenojewelryto_________(wear).Heislookingforaroomto____________(live).Heneedsafriendto__________(play).

Therearethreepairsofshoesforyouto_________(choose).

writeonwearliveinplaywithchoosefrom動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

主謂關(guān)系同位關(guān)系2021/7/26651.something,anything,nothin2.當(dāng)名詞被thefirst,thelast,theonly

等詞以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)

eg:

Sheisalwaysthefirst

tocomeandthelast

toleave.2021/7/26662.當(dāng)名詞被thefirst,thelast,th6.作狀語不定式作狀語時(shí)，可表示目的，原因，結(jié)果或條件。如;不定式作目的狀語時(shí)，?？膳cto,inorderto,soasto連用。Icameheretoseeyou.（目的）Hegotupearlysoasnottobelate. 不定式可以跟在表語的形容詞之后作狀語。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.。

2021/7/26676.作狀語不定式作狀語時(shí)，可表示目的，原因，結(jié)果或條件。如不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用如下句型Theroomisbigenoughtoholdus.Itis

suchabigroomastoholdus.Heissokindastohelpus.such+（形容詞）名詞+astodosthso+形容詞/副詞+astodosthHehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.（結(jié)果）Heistoooldtoliftthebox.2021/7/2668不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用如下句型Theroomisbig3.

表示原因:

不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作狀語,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.2021/7/26693.表示原因:eg:I’mglad/pleased(4).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語tobefrank,tobehonest(withyou),tomakethingsworse,Totell(you)thetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)2021/7/2670(4).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語tobefrank,Totel(8)不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,how,what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.注意：在與why連用時(shí)，只用于why或whynot開頭的簡(jiǎn)短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。

Whynothavearest?2021/7/2671(8)不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,how(9)不定式的省略(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要省略該動(dòng)詞.e.g.:---Wouldyouliketogowithme?---Yes,I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe結(jié)構(gòu),be不可省.(3)—Ididn’ttellhimthenews.

—Oh,yououghttohave(toldhimthenews).e.g.:---Wouldyouliketobeateacher?---Yes,I’dliketobe.2021/7/2672(9)不定式的省略(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Identifyitsfunction.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想2021/7/26731.Itisgoodtohelpothers.4.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)2021/7/26744.Idon’thavetimetositar8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmentto

givefinancialassistancetodisabled

people.(adverbial)(adverbial)(objectcomplement)2021/7/26758.IhavehadtoworkhardtoExercise2021/7/2676Exercise2021/7/26211.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____,butI’mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.(2004遼寧）

A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheardQuizIIMultipleChoice2021/7/26771.Idon’tknowwhetheryouha2.Thiscompanywasthefirst_____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordsintheworld.(2005上海春）

A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.produced2021/7/26782.Thiscompanywasthefirst3.____thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.(2006廣東）

A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making2021/7/26793.____thiscake,you’llneed4.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_____.(2008全國卷)A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed2021/7/26804.Ilikegettingupveryearl5.–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But__it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2008北京卷)A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding2021/7/26815.–DidthebookgivetheinfoPassage1.1.filled

2.

company(keepsbcompany)3.ing6.that/which7.WpletelyPassage2.1.like2.them3.before4.arebeingpolluted

5.wonder6.and7.an8.strictest9.totake10.that/whichPassage3.1.crowded2.But3.an4.eating5.who/that6.going.Besides/Mments9.recommended10.whateverPassage4.1.It2.viewers3.to4.But5.which6.performed7.the8.highlighting9.excited10.Though/AlthoughPassage5.1.lost2.a3.must4.that/which5.because6.worse7.tostay8.in/with9.saying10.wererescued2021/7/2682Passage1.1.filledPassage6.1.grew2.As3.called4.successful5.how6.that/anization9.her10.thePassage7.1.the2.it3.but4.exactly5.embarrassing6.wastaking7.parking8.when9.should10.timePassage8.1.it