初中英語介詞練習(xí)題及詳解

介(一)正辨析1、［］Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.［正］Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.［析］at用于詳盡刻以前，如：sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。2、［］Don'tsleepatdaytime［正］Don'tsleepindaytime.［析］in要用于的一段以內(nèi)，如：inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。3、［］WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.［正］WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.［析］inthemorning,intheafternoon假如在兩個短中加入任何修其前面的介都要改on,如：onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th4、［］Hebecameawritterathistwenties［正］Hebecameawritterinhistwenties［析］句：他在20多就成了作家。在某人的一段生活段中要用介in來表示，而在詳盡數(shù)用at來表示。5、［］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.［正］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.［析］在詳盡年前用at,如：attheageof12，atyourage，等等。6、［］Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.［正］Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.［析］詳盡某一天要用介on,又如：onNewYear'sDay7、［］I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.［正］I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.［析］在日的當(dāng)日用on，而所有日期用at,Christmas是圣期，一般要有兩周或更的。8、［］Ihaven'tseeyouduringthesummerholidays.［正］Ihaven'tseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.［析］during表示在某一段以內(nèi)，因此一般不與完成搭配，如：Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段，可以用于完成，如：Ihaven'tseeyouforalongtime.而through用來表示"整整，所有的"。如：Itrainedthroughthenight.而since是表達(dá)主句作的初步，一般要與完成用。9、［］Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［正］Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［析］On加名表示"一??就"。本句的文是：我一入教室就聽個好信息了。又如：onhearing?一聽，onarrival一到達(dá)就??(on表示作的名)10、［］Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［正］Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［析］atthebegining與attheend都是指某事物的開始與束部分，均不指范，而inthebeginning是指開始一段。intheend＝atlast是指"最，于"之意。11、［］Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［正］Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［析］by引起的狀表示了作的截止點，其意思"不于某一刻將工作做完"，因此主句一般是完成時態(tài)。自然可以有未來時態(tài)，如：I'llbetherebyfiveo'clock.而till則表達(dá)其一動作向來連續(xù)到某一時辰，但句中的動詞必定要用連續(xù)性動詞，而瞬時的截止性動詞應(yīng)用其否定句式，如：Iwon'tfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.12、［誤］HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.［正］HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.［正］HecametoLondontwoweeksago.［析］before一般要與完成時連用，而ago則與一般過去時連用。13、［誤］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.［正］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.［析］since用來表達(dá)主句動作的開始時間，因此其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過去時，而不可以用完成時態(tài)14、［誤］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.［正］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.［析］中文常常講兩小時之此后取，兩天內(nèi)會修睦，而這個介詞在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原由有二，①after多用于過去時，如：IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.加②時after間是表達(dá)一個不確立的時間范圍，如：afterthreedays,即三天此后的哪一天都可以。因此在承諾若干時間內(nèi)會完成某事時，必定要用介詞in。15、［誤］Threedaysafterhedied.［正］Afterthreedayshedied.［正］Threedayslaterhedied.［析］after與later都可以用來表達(dá)一段時間此后，但它們所處的地點不同樣，after在時間詞前，而later在時間詞后。16、［誤］Shehidherselfafterthetree.［正］Shehidherselfbehindthetree.［析］after多用來表達(dá)某動作此后，因此有的語法書中稱它為動向介詞，如：Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物此后。17、［誤］Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.［正］Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.［析］樹上長出的果實，樹葉要用on,而其余外來的人、物體均要用inthetree.18、［誤］ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.［正］ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.［析］在表達(dá)地理地點時有3個介詞：in,on,to。in表示在某范圍以內(nèi);on表示與某地區(qū)接壤；to則表示不相接。如：JapanistotheeastofChina.19、［誤］IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.［正］IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.［析］at用來表達(dá)較小的地方，而in用來表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage。20、［誤］HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.［正］HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.［析］在門牌號碼前要用at,并要注意它的慣用法：attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。21、［誤］ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.［正］ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.［析］在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in，而墻的外角用at，如：Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.22、［］ThisweekendI'llstayinUncleWang's.［正］ThisweekendI'llstayatUncleWang's.［析］要注意英文的特別表達(dá)法，如：atatailor'sshop(裁店)＝atatailor's,atthedoctor's(去看病)atthebookseller's(在店)atuncleWang's(在王叔叔家)23、［］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontoday'snewspaper［正］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintoday'snewspaper［析］在上的新要用in,而在詳盡某一版上，或某一上要用on。24、［］TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［正］SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［析］里的school看作不可以數(shù)名泛指學(xué)校的程，即開學(xué)之意。要注意，有些活所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事種活不要加冠，如：attable(吃)，WhenIcametoTom'shome,theywereattable.有：atdesk(學(xué))，atwork(工作)atschool(上學(xué))，inhospital(住醫(yī)院)atchurch作星期如加上定冠還有他意，如：attheschool即在學(xué)校工作或事，inthehospital即在醫(yī)院工作或去探望病人。25、［］Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［正］Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［析］文：在去站的路上我了份，的是消磨光"在??的路上"用onone'sway。?而intheway有道之意，如：Pleasemovethechairitisintheway。26、［］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.［正］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.［正］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.［析］in是表達(dá)一個靜止?fàn)睿谂cbreak用此后不加介，而into是介，與break用要加介。27、［］I'llleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.［正］I'llleaveBeijingforShanghai.［正］I'llleaveforShanghai.［析］leavefor是走開某地去某的固定搭配，不可以將for改的介。的搭配有：startfor身前去某，setoutfor，sailfor。28、［］I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.［正］I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.［析］getin,與getout是兩個相反的。getin上，而getout下，但法家里的in與out副，因此此后不可以接名，我可以We'dbettergetin.或We'dbettergetout.有一有關(guān)上下：geton／off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto／outof(acar,taxi?)29、［］BecarefulThetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.［正］Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.［析］over與above在作比某物高的意思有可以互。但在垂直方向上的高矮，即正上方要用above.而泛指上方用over.30、［］Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.［正］Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.［析］over有一意"超越，橫跨"。31、［］TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.［正］TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.［析］在垂直下方要用

below.

也就是

above

與

below

互反意，

over

與

under也是反意。32、［］Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.［正］Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.［析］infrontof是在物體外面的前面，而inthefrontof是在物體內(nèi)部的前面，如：Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.33、［］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.［正］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.［析］across作介有兩個主要意思：①橫，如：Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.面，如：Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三空中的穿越。across多用于平面上的橫。如：Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.34、［］Thesunsetstowardthewest.［正］Thesunsetsinthewest.［析］towards也可用作toward，它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運，但不用然到達(dá)，如：He

②rantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方向east,west,north,south，其前面要用in。要注意的是4個可以用作副，如：Iwentsouth.也可用作名，如：Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容，如：IwenttothesouthpartofChina.35、［］Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose［正］Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose［析］beside是"在??旁"，如：Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是除??以外，不??并且??，除了??以外有??"，如：IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except是從同一物體中去掉某一部分，如：IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同樣種的事物，如：Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat要加從句。36、［］CanIwritetheexampaperwithink［正］CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen［正］CanIwritetheexampaperinink37、［］I'mearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.［正］I'mearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.［析］在交通工具前加介by，但不可以再有任何指示代或冠，否要改相的介。bytaxi=inataxibytrain=inatrainbybicycle=onabicyclebyship=onashipbyboat=inaboatbybus=onabusbyplane=onaplanebyair空運byland運bysea海運onfootonhorsebackbyphonebyletterbyradiobyairmailbyhand38、［誤］AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.［正］AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.［析］madeof是指由原材想到成品過程中原資料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from,如：Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.39、［誤］ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.［正］ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.［析］關(guān)于某方面的書本、報告等有兩個介詞，此中on表示某專業(yè)用書，about則為某方面的一般讀物，如：Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知識。40、［誤］Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.［正］Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.［析］keytothedoor門的鑰匙。同樣用法還有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千萬不要用of。41、［誤］TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.［正］TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.［析］haveinterestin是在某方面有興趣。42、［誤］Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.［正］Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.［析］beangrywith此后接人，而beangryat此后接事。如：Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.43、［誤］Hewasgoodforskating.［正］Hewasgoodatskating.［析］begoodat為"善于某事"，而begoodforsomebody為對某人很好。44、［誤］Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.［正］Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.［析］這句話應(yīng)譯為：你真太好了，幫助了我的少兒。而begoodtosomebody是對某人態(tài)度好。如：Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.45、［誤］Myparentswereverypleasedatme.［正］Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.［正］Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.［析］bepleasedwith后加somebody,而bepleasedat后加something。46、［誤］Heisagreewithme.［正］Heagreeswithme.47、［誤］Heagainstsme.［正］Heisagainstme.［析］同意agree為動詞，而反對against則為介詞。在使用中必定要注意。48、［誤］Ihaven'theardlettersfromhim.［正］Ihaven'theardfromhim.［析］hearfrom即為：從某人處獲守信件。不要再加letter了。49、［誤］Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend［正］Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend［析］作為"拜會"講callat此后接地點，如：MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend而callon此后接人。50、［誤］Doyouknowthegirlonwhite［正］Doyouknowthegirlinwhite［析］inwhite為穿一身白。與in有關(guān)的詞組有：inbed(睡覺)，inhospital(住院)，inahurry(趕忙忙忙)，indanger(危險中),injoy(快樂)，ingoodhealth(身體好)，inlove(戀愛)，introuble(困境)，與之相反的是outof,如：outoftrouble(擺脫困境)，outofdate(過時了)，outoforder(出故障)51、［誤］Helookedatmeatsurprise.［正］Helookedatmeinsurprise.［析］surprise的用法一般有三種。①用于句首，Toone'ssurprise,如：Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如：Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.52、［誤］Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.［正］Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.［析］becauseof后接名詞，如：Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.(三)例題解析1-Thankyou＿＿＿thebeautifulflowers!-Notatall.AinBonCatDfor［答案］D.［析］因為某事向某人道謝應(yīng)用for。2Canyouanswerthisquestion＿＿＿EnglishAbyBinCwithDfrom［答案］B.［析］in表示用語言、聲音、或資料，如：Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.3Look＿＿＿themap＿＿＿China＿＿＿thewall,please.Aafter,of,inBat,of,inCafter,in,onDat,of,on［答案］D.［析］lookat為"看"，而onthewall為"在墻表面掛著"，而inthewall則是"在墻內(nèi)"，如：Thereisholeinthewall.墻上有個洞。4-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon-Hearrivedthere＿＿＿theeveningofDecember6th.AatBinConDto［答案］C.［析］intheevening/afternoon這兩個詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應(yīng)將介詞換為on,如：onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。5Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile＿＿＿ourteacher'sface.AoffBnearConDbetween［答案］C.6Thetwinsgotonwell＿＿＿theirclassmates.AtoBinCwithDabout［答案］C.［析］getonwellwith與人相處很好。7-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-Isee.I'llcome＿＿＿Saturdayevening.AinBatConDfor［答案］C.8Let'shurry，orwe'llbelate＿＿＿schoolAtoBatCwithDfor［答案］D.［析］belatefor，而comelateto，如：Don'tcomelatetoschool9Theywillhaveamathstest＿＿＿twodaysAforBatCinDafter［答案］C.［析］三天以內(nèi)用in，而不要受中文影響用after，afterthreedays是個不定的范，即沒有一個正確的。5天、6天、10天所有是afterthreedays。10Mybrotherjoinedthearmy＿＿＿A1989，MarchBinMarch，1989CMarch，1989D1989，inMarch［答案］B.［析］在月份、年、前用介in，而日子前用on。11Hecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblem＿＿＿yourhelpAwithoutBunderCforDwith［答案］A.［析］在某人幫助下用with，如：WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily而假如沒有你的幫助用withoutyourhelp12Grannytookonelookatus＿＿＿h(yuǎn)erglassesAbyBthroughConDin［答案］B.［析］through穿??。13Wehadourbreakfast＿＿＿aquarter＿＿＿sevenA/，toBin，toCat，toDon，to［答案］C.［析］詳盡點前用at，而差幾分幾點用to，里：我在差一刻七點吃的早。14IlearnFrench＿＿＿theradioeverydayAonBinCfromDat［答案］A.［析］從收音機(jī)悅耳到某事用ontheradio。15It'sgoodmannerstowait＿＿＿lineAinBonCatDwith［答案］A.［析］inline為排隊。16HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt＿＿＿lasttermAbytheendofBattheendofCtotheendofDtilltheendof［答案］A.［析］bytheendof為動作的截止時間，與完成時態(tài)相當(dāng)合17Themanagerwasverysatisfied＿＿＿h(yuǎn)isworkAinBonCaboutDwith［答案］D.［析］besatisfiedwith為固定搭配。18JohnhitJack＿＿＿faceAontheBintheConhisDinhis［答案］B.［析］英文中的某些動詞此后要接人，此后加介詞＋the＋身體部位，如：Hecaughttheboybythearm。19Iwasborn＿＿＿thenight＿＿＿September15，1978Ain，onBat，onCat，inDon，of［答案］D.［析］在時間前加介詞時應(yīng)以最小的時間單位為準(zhǔn)。20It'sabadmannertolaugh＿＿＿peoplewhentheyare＿＿＿troubleAover，inBat，inCin，atDat，for［答案］B.［析］laughat諷刺某人，laughover笑著討論某人或某事，introuble墜入困境。21Ican'tdothisworkwell＿＿＿Tom'shelpAunderBforCwithoutDfrom［答案］C.22Don'tshout＿＿＿theoldwoman。Youshouldbemorepolite＿＿＿h(yuǎn)erAto，atBat，toCin，forDfrom，for［答案］B.［析］shoutat為"沖某人喊叫"，而bepolitetosomebody為"對某人平和。"23Wemustbestrict＿＿＿ourselves＿＿＿everythingAwith，inBin，withCwith，toDto，of［答案］A.［析］bestrictwith對某人嚴(yán)格要求。24Hewenttothefootballmatch＿＿＿lunchlastSundayAtoBwithoutCbehindDbetween［答案］B.［析］withoutlunch未吃午餐。25Thepeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded＿＿＿1949AwithBonCsinceDin［答案］D.［析］在年月前用in。因句子是過去時而不是完成時，因此不可以用since。26MrBlackgottoHangzhou＿＿＿afewdaysAinBafterConDat［答案］B.［析］這句話應(yīng)譯為：幾日此后MrBlack到達(dá)了杭州。而不是在幾日以內(nèi)必定要做完某事，因此選B。27-Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice＿＿＿yourEngli