(完整word版)高中英語語法總結(jié)-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)詞是英語中最靈活、最難掌握的詞，在歷年高考題中動(dòng)詞所占比例最大。設(shè)題時(shí)給出四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞或?語來測(cè)試考生在具體語境中對(duì)動(dòng)詞及其短語意義的理解和運(yùn)用能力。 主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇及完形填空中。二主要?jiǎng)釉~嘛的獻(xiàn)英語中的時(shí)態(tài)共有十六種，但是?？嫉幕蜉^常用的有十一種。見下表：時(shí)態(tài)名稱構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does,(連系動(dòng)詞is/am/are)一般過去時(shí)did,(連系動(dòng)詞was/were)一般將來時(shí)will/shalldois/am/aregoingtodois/am/are(about)todo現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/aredoing過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing將來進(jìn)行時(shí)willbedoing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/havedone過去完成時(shí)haddone將來完成時(shí)will/shallhavedone現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)has/havebeendoing過去將來時(shí)would/shoulddowas/weregoingtodowas/were(about)todo二、主要時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法和重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法.表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用行為動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother..表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理（不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制）Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊.表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；Theplanetakesoffat10:00a.mX機(jī)上午10點(diǎn)起飛。.在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。但要注意由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中有時(shí)可以用shall或will表意愿”，不表示時(shí)態(tài)；I'llgothereafterIfinishmywork.Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased..以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Therecomesthebus車來了。Hereshecome她來了。（二）一般過去時(shí)基本用法

.過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)HelivedinBeijingwhenhewasyoung.他年輕時(shí)生活在北京。.表達(dá)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作WevisitedthefactorylastFriday.上周五我們參觀了那家工廠。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊.有些動(dòng)詞如：think,want,plan等用在一般過去時(shí)中常常譯為原來認(rèn)為/以為，原來想，原計(jì)劃”。Ithoughtthefilmwouldbeinteresting,butitisn't.我原以為這部電影是很有趣的，但是事實(shí)并非如此。.考生有時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替一般過去時(shí)Hello,IyouwereinLondon.Howlonghere?A.don'tknow;wereyou B.hadn'tknown;areyouC.haven'tknown;are D.didn'tknow;haveyoubeen【解析】非常容易誤選Bo其實(shí)答案為D,因?yàn)椤癲idn'tknow強(qiáng)調(diào)的是見面前不知道，即指過去不知道。（三）一般將來時(shí)基本用法.表示將來的動(dòng)作和存在的狀態(tài)Thefirsttimewe'llsendyouwithanexperiencedreporte我們要派有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的記者陪同你Thefirsttimewe'llsendyouwithanexperiencedreporte我們要派有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的記者陪同你起去。.表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作Oilwillfloatonwater.油會(huì)浮在水面上。Cropswilldiewithoutwater.沒有水莊稼會(huì)死亡重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊一般將來時(shí)幾種特殊表達(dá)形式的區(qū)別.begoingto：表示打算做某事或有跡象表明即將發(fā)生某事Iamgoingtovisitmyfriendinhospital.我將去看望住在醫(yī)院的朋友。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看起來好象要下雨了。.beaboutta表示即時(shí)的將來。一般不與時(shí)間狀語連用Nowladiesandgentleman,you'reabouttohearthemostincredibletale.女士們，先生們，你們馬上就要聽到一個(gè)難以置信的故事。.beto：可用來表示計(jì)劃、安排（通常是正式的安排）；指令；（表示可能）會(huì)做……，可能；必定會(huì)發(fā)生或已發(fā)生了某事；發(fā)布命令或告之規(guī)則Theirdaughteristogetmarriedsoor#們的女兒可能不久就要結(jié)婚了。（四）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法.表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；Itisrainingheavilynow,sowemuststayinside現(xiàn)在正下著大雨，因止匕我們必須呆在家里。.表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；MyfatheriscomingtoseemethisSaturda淞個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來看我。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always,often等頻度副詞連用，表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動(dòng)或某種感情色彩Whyarealwaysforgettinghisname勸啥你總是記他的名字呢？（五）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法.表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

MyfatheriscomingtoseemethisSaturda淞個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來看我。.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這一過去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語表示）Hewaspreparinghislecturealldayyesterda蚱天一整天他者B在準(zhǔn)備他的演講。.用在兩個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生IwaswritingwhilehewaswatchingTV.我在寫東西而他在看電視。.表小過去將來動(dòng)作Hesaidshewasarrivingthenext.dayfc說他將在第二天至U達(dá)。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊考生有時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或用一般過去時(shí)代替過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。①一Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!—Oh,I'mterriblysorry..A.I'mnotnoticing.B.Iwasn'tnoticing.C.Ihaven'tnoticed.D.Idon'tnotice.【解析】非常容易誤選Co其實(shí)答案為Bo因?yàn)閷?duì)話的后者顯然是在解釋剛才不小心冒犯對(duì)方時(shí)正在做的事情，應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。②HeabookaboutChinalastyear,butIdonknowifheit.A.wrote;hasfinished B.waswriting;hasfinishedC.waswriting;hadfinished D.wrote;willfinish【解析】非常容易誤選Ao其實(shí)答案為Bo從"Idon'tknowifhehasfinishedit推斷，他去年一直在寫，應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。（六）將來進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法.表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，一般帶狀語Whenhecomestomyhousetomorrow,Iwillbewritingthereport.他明天來我家的時(shí)候，我將正在寫報(bào).表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作會(huì)延續(xù)到將來Ithinkthatshewillbeworkingonthisexperimentuntilnextmorning.我想她做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)將會(huì)一直做到明天早上。.表示預(yù)定的將來動(dòng)作或?qū)淼念A(yù)測(cè)Stopthechildorhewillbefallingover.攔住那孩子,不然他會(huì)摔下去的。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)的區(qū)別.一般將來時(shí)不僅表示將來”，還含有意志、意愿”等的意思I'lltrymybesttohardworkatEngli泯將盡全力努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。（含意愿的意思）I'llbestudyingEnglishnextterm.學(xué)期我將學(xué)習(xí)英語。（表示單純的將來）.跟一般將來時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語比較模糊，而跟進(jìn)來進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語非常具體I'llwritealettertomyfathertomorrow.明天要給父親寫信。I'llbewritingalettertomyfatherthistimetomorrow.天這個(gè)時(shí)候,我會(huì)給父親寫信的。（七）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本用法表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，說話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。Ihavefinishedthereport.我已經(jīng)完成了這個(gè)報(bào)告。Shehascleanedtheroom!ft已經(jīng)打掃干凈了這個(gè)房間。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊1.表示從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和for...1.表示從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和for...,snceiL段時(shí)間狀語連用HehaslearnedEnglishforsixyear地學(xué)英語已經(jīng)六年了。Theyhaveworkedheresincetheyleftcolleger們大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后就在這里工作。2.表示曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/hasbeento!示'到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/hasgoneto'-WhereisLiHua?一李華在哪里？一Hehasgonetothereading-room^他去閱覽室了?！猄heknowsalotaboutShangha4關(guān)于上海，她懂很多。-Shehasbeenthere^她去過那里。短暫動(dòng)詞（即瞬間動(dòng)詞）,如：join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,breakout等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。要翻譯池已參軍已經(jīng)三年了”。不能說：Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears?要用以下三種方法：①“ag袪"：Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.延續(xù)法"：Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.“sincefe"：Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.（八）過去完成時(shí)基本用法表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。Hehadshutthedoorbeforethedogcameup.那狗走過來之前，他已將門關(guān)上了。Everythinghadbeenallrightuptillthismorning.直至U今天上午為止，一切者B正常。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。Attheageoften,hehadlearned500Englishwords7歲的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)學(xué)了500個(gè)英語單詞了。Hehadbeenillforaweekwhenwelearnedabouti我們知道的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)病了一個(gè)星期了。.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppos葬動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)來表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、 打算或意圖。Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematc戒們本期望你能贏得這場比賽的。（九）將來完成時(shí)基本用法用來表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻（前）將完成的動(dòng)作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時(shí)間狀語連用。WewillhavefinishedseniorBook2bytheendofthisterm.重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊.在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)來表示將來某一時(shí)刻以前已完成的動(dòng)作Tellmewhatyouthinkaboutthefilmwhenyouhaveseenit.你看完這部電影之后告訴我你對(duì)它的意見。.與bytheendof引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用時(shí)要看 “of?面的名詞所表示的時(shí)間概念來決定是用將來完成時(shí)還是用過去完成時(shí)。Wewillhavelearned2000Englishwordsbytheendofthisterm.到這學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)為止，我們將學(xué)會(huì)2000英語單詞。Wehadlearned2000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.到這學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)為止，我們將學(xué)會(huì)2000英語單詞。（十）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（還要繼續(xù)下去）的動(dòng)作。Hehasbeendoingthemathsproblemssince8:00,8以來，他一直在做這些數(shù)學(xué)題。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果Ihavereadthatboo峨讀過那本書了。（知道那本書的內(nèi)容）.著重表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還將繼續(xù)下去-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.—Iamtired.Ithelivingroomallday.A.painted B.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted【解析】答案為Co強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作從過去到現(xiàn)在的延續(xù)，可能還將繼續(xù)下去。（H^一）過去將來時(shí)基本用法相對(duì)于過去某一時(shí)刻而言即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。HetoldmehewouldgotoBeijing.他告訴我他將去北京。Iwastoldthathewasgoingtoreturnhome#人告訴我他準(zhǔn)備回家。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊woulddo（表示過去的習(xí)慣）總是，總會(huì)，常常。Hewouldsitsilentforhours.他常常接連好幾個(gè)小時(shí)默默地坐著。三、動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（一）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/aredone一般過去時(shí)was/weredone一般將來時(shí)shall/willbedone過去將來時(shí)should/wouldbedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeendone過去完成時(shí)hadbeendone將來完成時(shí)will/wouldhavebeendone含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的can/must/maybedone（二）被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用注意點(diǎn).主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況①不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動(dòng)詞有： cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash等。Thisknifecutswell.這把刀好切。Thesebookssellwell這些書好賣。Thepenwritessmoothly這支筆寫起來流暢。Meatwon'tkeeplonginsuchhotweather在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。Theclothwasheswell這種布好洗。②一些連系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式+形容詞。常見動(dòng) look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turnou等。Theapplestastegoo拉些蘋果嘗起來味道不錯(cuò)。Theflowersmellswonderful.這花聞起來很不錯(cuò)。Thenewsproved/turnedouttrue?消息后來證明時(shí)真的。Cottonfeelssoft棉花摸起來很軟。③主語+need/want/require表示需要被 的時(shí)候，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)或用不定式的被動(dòng)Thecarneedsrepairing尸Thecarneedstoberepaired車需要修理。④beworthdoing表示某事值得去做。TheGreatWallisworthvisiting.長城值得一游。.常見沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(短語)leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belongto,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,agreewith,keepupwith,consistof,loseheartTheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutin1939.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于1939年。Ourclassconsistsof50student我們班由50個(gè)學(xué)生組成。.常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的固定句型Itisbelieved/said/reported/hoped/supposedthat據(jù)信/據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道/人們希望/人們認(rèn)為 Itmustbepointedoutthat必須指出 Itisgenerallyconsideredthat一般認(rèn)為 Itiswellknownthat大家都知道 Itmustbeadmittedthat必須承認(rèn) 完成句子之動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)專題訓(xùn)練一、高考原題再現(xiàn)1、Ihaven，ttheslightestidea他正在說什么).(talk)Lastnight,Johnwasansweringthelettersthat (寄給他的)duringthepasttwoweeks.(arrive)3、Thefact(他失敗了數(shù)次)makeshimveryupset.(fail)4、他是否出過國)doesn，tmakemuchdifference.(he,abroad)5、Notonly僂幫助)thedisabledtofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforthosewhoneedit.(give)6、Seldom 愴們玩)videogameseversincetheyenteredcollege.(play)7、Thecity成長的)isveryhotanddampinsummer.(grow)8、花了)onethousanddollarstobuythepaintinglastweek.(cost)9、Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,Ican 'timagine(我的家鄉(xiāng)會(huì)是什么樣子)intenyears.(what)10、Atpresent,lotsoffood,water,tents,andmedicine( 正在運(yùn)往)fromalloverChinaandotherpartsoftheworldtotheearthquake-strickenareas.(transport)二、鞏固練習(xí)1、Greatchanges 發(fā)生了)inmyhometowninthepasttenyearsandpeopleareenjoyingamuchricherlifenow.(take)2、Twohundreddollars(被花掉了)lastweek.(spend)(已經(jīng)有)moreAmericanskilledinroadaccidentsthaninallthewarssince1900.(there)Thankyouallthesame.They(UM把信息傳給) tome.(pass)5、Newtechnology(正應(yīng)用于)almosteveryindustrialprocessnow.(apply)6、He(不適應(yīng))inthecountrysidesofar.(use)7、Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks(捐獻(xiàn)給)tothenationasagiftlastyear.(offer)8、You(至U達(dá))Shanghaibythistimetomorrow.(get)9、I(一直都在學(xué)英語)fortenyears.(study)10、ThefilmwasabigsuccessandsincethenI(演了)morethan12films,suchasTheMatrixandhandball.(act)11、Jack(工作)inanetworkcompanynow,andhelikesitverymuch,(work)12、I(將送我叔叔走) attheairporttomorrow.(see)13、Hesaidthathe(學(xué)了)someEnglishbefore.(learn)14、Iwenttoworkonfootyesterday,thoughit(正下大雨)catsanddogs.(rain)15、We(起床)beforedawn.Itwasstillwet.(get)(最令我吃驚的是)isthattheywereallpresent.(surprise)Iwillmakefriendswithanyonewho(和我有共同的興趣).(share)(我們將如何制定這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃)hasbeenexplainedclearlybytheteacher.(plan)Thenews(他告訴我的)isthatTomwouldgo