上海高考英語完型填空歷年真題

PAGEPAGE25上海高考英語完型填空歷年真題2021Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.launched B.unpleasant C.applying D.technicallyE.impactF.coating G.fixed H.miraculously I.superiorJ.advancesHowwouldyouliketowearthesameunderwear(內(nèi)衣褲)forweeks?Owingtotheworkthathasgoneintodevelopingintelligentmaterials,thismaynotbeas41asitsounds.Self-cleaningclotheshavenowbeencreated,andthesenewmaterialsprovide42resistancetodirtaswellaswater.Asaresult,theyrequiremuchlesscleaningthantraditionalmaterials.Thecreationofself-cleaningclothesprovidesanexampleofhownaturehelpsscientistsdevelopbetterproducts.Thisself-cleaningnatureisknownasthe“l(fā)otuseffect〞.Thenamecomes,ofcourse,fromthelotusleaves,whicharefamousforgrowinginmuddylakesandriverswhileremainingalmost43clean.Byobservingnature,scientistsare44thequalitiesofthelotusleavestothematerialstheyhaveengineered.Becauseofthis,someremarkablenewproductshavebeen45.Amongthemarespecialwindowsthatareresistanttodirtandwater.Aspecial46onthesewindowsnotonlypreventsdirtfromstickingtotheirsurfaces,butalsoallowsdusttobeeasilywashedoffbytherain.Infact,thesenewwindowshavealreadybeen47tosomecars.Evenwhentravelingathighspeedthroughrain,thesecarsneverhavetousetheirwindshieldwipers(雨刮器).Althoughwehavealreadyseensomepracticalapplications,evenmoredramatic48willbemadeinthefuture,andtheywill,perhaps,changeourworldcompletely.Undoubtedly,technologyisanimportantdevelopment,anditwillhaveanevenbigger49onourlives.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining(留住)customers.Itsoundssimpleandachievable.But,50,wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.Oncecompanieshaveattractedcustomerstheyoften51thesecondhalfofthestory.Intheexcitementofbeatingoffthecompetition,negotiatingprices,securingorders,anddeliveringtheproduct,managerstendtobecomecarriedaway.Theyforgetwhattheyregardastheboringsideofbusiness—52thatthecustomerremainsacustomer.53toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoneyannually.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheaveragecompanylosesbetween10and30percentofitscustomerseveryyears.Inconstantlychanging54,thisisnotsurprising.Whatissurprisingisthefactthatfewcompanieshaveanyideahowmanycustomerstheyhavelost.Onlynowareorganizationsbeginningtowakeuptothoselostopportunitiesandcalculatethe55implications.Cuttingdownthenumberofcustomersacompanylosescanmakeabig56initsperformance.ResearchintheUSfoundthatafivepercentdecreaseinthenumberofdefecting(流失的)customersledto57IntheUS,Domino’sPizzaestimatesthataregularcustomerisworthmorethan$5,000overtenyears.Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand58neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsin59profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyarelikelytotellabouttheirbadexperience).Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer60isimpossibletodeny.“Inpracticemostcompanies’marketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidto61them〞,saysAdrianPayneofCornfieldUniversity’SchoolofManagement.“Researchsuggeststhatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenretainingcustomersandmakingprofits.62customerstendtobuymore,arepredictableandusuallycostlesstoservicethannewcustomers.Furthermore,theytendtobelessprice63,andmayprovidefreeword-of-mouthadvertising.Retainingcustomersalsomakesit64forcompetitorstoenteramarketorincreasetheirshareofamarket.A.inparticular B.inreality C.atleast D.firstofallA.emphasize B.doubt C.overlook D.believeA.denying B.ensuring C.arguing D.provingA.Moving B.Hoping C.Starting D.FailingA.markets B.tastes C.prices D.expensesA.culture B.social C.financial D.economicalA.promise B.plan C.mistake D.differenceA.cost B.opportunity C.profit D.budgetA.asaresult B.onthewhole C.inconclusion D.onthecontraryA.huge B.potential C.extra D.reasonableA.beliefs B.loyalty C.habits D.interestA.altering B.understanding C.keeping D.attractingA.Assumed B.Respected C.Established D.UnexpectedA.agreeable B.flexible C.friendly D.sensitiveA.unfair B.difficult C.essential D.convenient2021Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.additionalB.producingC.regularD.predictedE.identifiedEatmosphereG.matchedH.reducingI.carriedJ.increaseForestsinthenorthernhalfoftheglobecouldbegrowingfasternowthantheywere200yearsagoasaresultofclimatechange,accordingtoastudyoftreesineasternAmerica.Thetreesappeartohavefastergrowthratesduetolongergrowingseasonsandhigherconcentrations(濃度)ofcarbondioxideinthe___41___.GeoffreyParker,ascientistattheSmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCentreinEdgewater.Maryland,saidthattheincreasehatherateofgrowthwasunexpectedandmightbe___42___tothehighertemperaturesandlongergrowingseasonsdocumentedintheregion.Thegrowthmayalsobeinfluencedbythesignificant___43___inatmosphericCO2,hesaid."Wemadealistofreasonstheseforestscouldbegrowingfasterandthenexcludedhalfofthem,"Dr.Parkersaid.Theirstudysuggeststhatnorthernforestsmaybecomeincreasinglyimportantin___44___theinfluenceofman-madeCO2ontheclimate.Dr.Parkerandhiscolleagueshave___45___outadetailedrecordofthetreesona(n)___46___basissince1987.Theycalculatedthatduetotheglobalwarmingtheforestisproducing___47___tonsofwoodeachyear.Thescientists___48___thelandwithtreesatdifferentstagesofgrowthandfoundthatbothyoungandoldtreeswereshowingincreasedgrowthrate.Morethan90percentofthetreegroupshadgrownbybetweentwoandfourtimesfasterthanthescientistshad___49___fromestimatesofthelong-termratesofgrowth.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thefirstattemptofeventhemosttalentedartists,musicians,andwritersisseldomamasterpiece,Ifyouconsideryourdraftsasdressrehearsals(彩排),ortryouts,revisingwillseemanaturalpartofthewriting___50___.Whatisthepurposeofthedressrehearsalsandtheout-of-townpreviewsthatmanyBroadwayshowsgothrough?Theanswerisadding,deleting,replacing,reordering,___51___revising.AndrewLloydWebber'smusicalPhantomoftheOperaunderwentsuchaprocess.WhenLloydWebberbeganwritingin1984,hehadinmindafunny,excitingproduction.However,whenPhantomopenedinLondonin1986,theaudiencesawamovingpsychologicallovestorysettomusic.Themusicalhad.___52___severalrevisionsdue,inpart,toproblemswithcostumingandmakeup(戲服和化裝).Forinstance,LloydWebber___53___someofthemusicbecausethePhantom'smakeuppreventedtheactorfromsingingcertainsounds.Whenyourevise,youchangeaspectsofyourworkin___54___toyourevolvingpurpose,ortoinclude___55___ideasornewlydiscoveredinformation.Revisionisnotjustanafterthoughtthatgetsonlyasmuchtimeasyouhaveattheendofanassignment.___56___,itisamajorstageofthewritingprocess,andwritersreviseeverystepoftheway.Evenyourdecisionto___57___.topicswhileprewritingisatypeofrevising.However.don'tmakethemistakeofskippingtherevisionstagethatfollows___58___.Alwaysmaketimetobecomeyourown___59___andviewyourdressrehearsal,sotospeak.Reviewingyourworkinthiswaycangiveyou___60___newideas.Revisinginvolves___61___theeffectivenessandappropriatenessofallaspectsofyourwriting,makingyourpurposemoreclearly,andrefocusingordevelopingthefactsandideasyoupresent.Whenyourevise,askyourselfthefollowingquestions,keepinginmindtheaudienceforwhomyouarewriting:Ismymainideaorpurpose___62___throughoutmydraft?DoIeverlosesightofmypurpose?HaveIgivenmyreadersallofthe___63___thatis,facts,opinions,inferencesthattheyneedinordertounderstandmymainidea?Finally,haveIincludedtoomany___64___detailsthatmayconfusereaders?50.A.techniqueB.styleC.processD.career51.A.inparticularB.asaresultC.forexampleD.inotherwords52.A.undergoneB.skippedC.rejectedD.replaced53.A.rewroteB.releasedC.recordedD.reserved54.A.additionB.responseC.oppositionD.contrast55.A.fixedB.ambitiousC.familiarD.fresh56.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.InsteadD.Therefore57.A.discussB.switchC.exhaustD.cover58.A.draftingB.rearrangingC.performingD.training59.A.directorB.masterC.audienceD.visitor60.A.personalB.valuableC.basicD.delicate61.A.mixingB.weakeningC.maintainingD.assessing62.A.amazingB.brightC.uniqueD.clear63.A.anglesB.evidenceC.informationD.hints64.A.unnecessaryB.uninterestingC.concreteD.final2021Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Ifthepackagelookspretty,peoplewillbuyjustaboutanything.SosaysanadvertisingexecutiveinNewYork,andhehasprovedhispointbysellingboxesofrubbishforthepriceofanexpensivebottleofwine.JustinGignac,26,hassoldalmost900____41_____presentedplasticboxesofrubbishfromthestreetoftheBigAppleatbetween$50and$100each.Buyersfrom19countrieshavepaidforthesouvenirs(紀(jì)念品).Theideahasbeensosuccessfulthatheisthinkingofpromotingitaroundtheworld.ItallbeganwhenMr.Gignacwasatasummerworkshop.“Wehadadiscussionaboutheimportanceof____42___,〞herecalls.“Someonesaidpackagingwasunimportant.Idisagreed.Theonlywaytoproveitwasbysellingsomethingnobodywouldeverwant.〞HesearchesthestreetsofManhattanandtypical___43___includebrokenglass,subwaytickets,Starbuckscupsandused___44____forks.“Specialeditions〞areofferedatahighprice.Hecharged$100forrubbishfromtheopeningdayoftheNewYorkYankees’stadium.Mr.Gignacdenies____45___hiscustomersforfools:“Theyknowwhatthey’regetting.Theyappreciatethefactthatthey’retakingsomethingnobodywouldwantandfindingbeautyinit.〞Some_____46___customersincludepeoplewhousedtoliveinthecityandwantadown-to-earthsouvenir.Heclaimshehasevensoldtoartcollectors.Realizingthattheconceptappearstobearealmoney-maker,Mr.Gignachas___47___acompanyandisemployinghisgirlfriendasvicepresident.He___48___todiscusshisprofitmargins:“It’sactuallyquitealotofeffortputtingthemtogether—butyet,garbageisfree.〞Mr.Gignacisconsideringmorevarietiesofsouvenirs.Hemaintainsthathehassigned___49___withpeopleinterestedinsimilarprojectsfromasfarasBerlinandLondon.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Mostpeoplebelievetheydon’thavemuchimagination.Theyare__50__.Everyonehasimagination,butmostofus,oncewebecomeadults,forgethowto__51__it.Creativityisn’talways__52__withgreatworksofartorideas.Peopleatworkandintheirfreetime__53__thinkofcreativewaystosolveproblems.Maybeyouhaveagoaltoachieve,atrickyquestiontoansweroryoujustwanttoexpandyourmind!Herearethreetechniquestohelpyou.MakingconnectionsThistechniqueinvolvestaking__54__ideasandtryingtofindlinksbetweenthem.First,thinkabouttheproblemyouhavetosolveorthejobyouneedtodo.Thenfindanimage,word,ideaorobject,forexample,acandle.Writedownalltheideas/words__55__withcandles:light,fire,matches,wax,night,silence,etc.Thinkofasmanyasyoucan.Thenextstageistorelatethe__56__tothejobyouhavetodo.Soimagineyouwanttobuyafriendanoriginal__57__;youcouldbuyhimticketstoamatchortakehimoutforthenight.Nolimits!Imaginethatnormallimitationsdon’t__58__.Youhaveasmuchtime/space/money,etc.asyouwant.Thinkaboutyourgoalandthenew__59__.Ifyourgoalistolearntoski,__60__,youcannowpracticeskiingeverydayofyourlife(becauseyouhavethetimeandthemoney).Now__61__historeality.MaybeyoucanpracticeskiingeverydayinDecember,oreveryMondayinJanuary.Besomeoneelse!Lookatthesituationfroma__62__pointofview.Goodbusinessmenusethistechniqueintrade,andsodowriters.Fictionwritersoftenimaginetheyarethe__63__intheirbooks.Theyaskquestions:Whatdoesthischaracterwant?Whycan’tshegetit?Whatchangesmustshemaketogetwhatshewants?Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheir__64__.Thebestfishermenthinklikefish!2021Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingwordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.honouredB.setA.honouredB.set C.historicD.secretlyE.citizenF.granted G.routeH.brieflyI.FrederickDouglasswasanescapedslaveinthemovementthatfoughttoendslaveryintheUnitedStales.Hebecamea41voceintheyeanbeforetheCivilWar.Afewweeksago,theNationalParkService(NPS)_42_Douglass'sbirthandBlackHistoryMonthwiththereopeningofhishomeatCedarHill,a_43siteinWashington.D.C.Thetwo-storyhouse,whichcontainsmanyofDouglass'spersonalpossessions,hadundergoneathree-year_44_.(ThankstotheNTSwebsite,however,youdon'thavetoliveinthenation'scapitaltovisitit.Takeatouronline.)HewasbornFrederickAugustusWashingtonBaileytoaslavemotherandawhitefatherheneverknew.Douglassgrewuptobecomethefirstblack_45toboldagovernmentoffice—asUSministerandconsulgeneral(總領(lǐng)事)toHaiti.Asayouth,beneverwenttoschool.EducatingslaveswasillegalintheSouth,sobe_46taughthimselftoreadandwrite.At21yearsold,heescapedfromhisslaveownertoMassachusettsandchangedhislastnametoDouglass,tohidehisidentity.Inthe1850s,DouglasswasinvolvedwiththeUndergroundRailroad,thesystem_47upbyantislaverygroupstobringrunawayslavestotheNorthandCanada.HishomeinRochester,N.Y.wasneartheCanadianborder.ItbecameanimportantstationonHediedin1895.Inhislifetime,Douglasswitnessedtheendofslaveryin1865andtheadoptionofthe15thAmendmenttotheUSConstitution(美國憲法修正案),which_49African-Americanstherighttovote.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Peoplethinkchildrenshouldplaysports.Sportsarefun,andplayingwithothers.However,playingsportscanhave__50effectsonchildren.Itmayproducefeelingsofpoorself-respectoraggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.Accordingtoresearchonkidsandsports,40,000,000kidsplaysportsintheUS.Ofthese,18,000,000saytheyhavebeen__51atorcallednameswhileplayingsports.Thisleavesmanychildrenwithabad__52ofsports.Theythinksportsarejusttooaggressive.Manyresearchersbelieveadults,especiallyparentsandcoaches,arethemain_53oftoomuchaggressionillchildren'ssports.Theybelievechildren_54_aggressiveadultbehavior.Thisbehavioristhenfurtherstrengthenedthroughbothpositiveandnegativefeedback.Parentsandcoachesarepowerfulteachersbecausechildrenusuallylookuptothem.Oftentheseadultsbehaveaggressivelythemselves,sendingchildrenthemessagethat__55iseverything.Manyparentsgotochildren'ssportingeventsandshout__56_atotherplayersorcheerwhentheirchildbehaves__57__.Aswell,childrenarceventaughtthathurtingotherplayersis_58orarepushedtocontinueplayingevenwhentheyareinjured_59,themediamakesviolenceseemexciting.Childrenwatchadultsportsgamesandseeviolentbehaviorreplayedoverandoverontelevision.Asasociety,wereallyneedto60thisproblemanddosomethingaboutit.Parentsandcoaches_61shouldactasbetterexamplesforchildren.Theyalsoneedtoteachchildrenbetter__62.Theyshouldnotjustcheerwhenchildrenwinoractaggressively.Theyshouldteachchildrento__63_,themselveswhethertheywinornot.Besides,childrenshouldnotbeallowedtocontinuetoplaywhentheyareinjured.Ifadultsallowchildrentoplaywheninjured,thisgivesthemessagethat__64isnotasimportantaswinning.50.A.restrictiveB.negativeC.activeD.instructive51.A.knockedB.glancedC.smiledD.shouted52.A.impressionB.conceptC.tasteD.expectation53.A.resourceB.causeC.courseD.consequence54.A.questionB.understandC.copyD.neglect55.A.winningB.practisingC.funD.sport56.A.praisesB.ordersC.remarksD.insults57.A.proudlyB.ambitiouslyC.aggressivelyD.bravely58.A.acceptableB.impoliteC.possibleD.accessible59.A.BycontrastB.InadditionC.AsaresultD.Afterall60.A.lookuptoB.faceuptoC.makeupforD.comeupwith61.A.inparticularB.inallC.inreturnD.inadvance62.A.techniquesB.meansC.valuesD.directions63.A.respectB.relaxC.forgiveD.enjoy64.A.bodyB.fameC.healthD.spirit2007Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.(A)Beingaloneinouterspacecanbefrightening.Thatisonereasonwhyastronautsonsolo(單獨的)spaceflightsweregivenplentyofworktokeepthem45.Theywerealsoconstantcommunicationwithpeopleontheearth.46,beingwithpeoplefromwhomyoucannotgetawaymightbeevenharderthanbeingalone.Thisiswhathappensonlongsubmarine(潛水艇)voyages.Itwillalsohappenon47spaceflightsinthefuture.Willtherebespecialproblemofadjustmentundersuchconditions?Scientistshavestudiedthereactionsofmentooneanotherduringlongsubmarinevoyages.Theyhavefoundthatthelongerthevoyagelasts,themoreserioustheproblemof48is.Whenmenare49togetherforalongperiod,theybegintofeeluneasy.Everyonehaslittlehabitsofspeakingandbehavingthatareordinarilyacceptable.Inthelimitedspaceoveralongperiodoftime,however,theselittlehabitsmaybecomevery50.Apparently,althoughnoonewantstobe51allthetime,everyoneneedssomedegreeofprivacy.Whenpeopleareenclosedtogether,theyareinwhatiscalledastresssituation.Thatmeansthattheyareunderanunusualamountof52orstress.Peoplewhoarewell-adjustedareableto53stresssituationsbetterthanothers.Thatisonereasonwhysomuchcareistakenin54ourastronauts.Thesemenundergoalongperiodoftestingandtraining.Oneofthethingstestedistheirbehaviorunderstree.45.A.tired B.asleep C.conscious D.busy46.A.Sofar B.Afterall C.However D.Therefore47.A.long B.fast C.dangerous D.direct48.A.fuel B.entertainment C.adjustment D.health49.A.shutup B.heldup C.broughtup D.pickedup50.A.pleasing B.annoying C.common D.valuable51.A.noisy B.alone C.personal D.sociable52.A.emphasis B.conflict C.power D.pressure53.A.handle B.create C.affect D.investigate54.A.becoming B.choosing C.ordering D.promoting(B)Onetopicisrarelymentionedinallthetalkofimprovingstandardsinourschools:thealmostcompletefailureofforeign-languageteaching.AsaFrenchgraduatewhohastaughtformorethantwenty-fiveyears,IbelieveIhavesomeideaofwhythefailureissototal.55thefaultsalreadyfoundoutintheeducationsystemasawhole—suchaschild-centredlearning,the“discovery〞method,andthelowexpectationsbyteachersofpupils—therehavebeenseveralserious56whichhaveadirecteffectonlanguageteaching.Thefirstistheremovalfromthecurriculum(課程)ofthethoroughteachingofEnglish57.Pupilsnowdonotknowaverbfromanoun,thesubjectofasentencefromitsobject,orthedifferencebetweenthepast,present,orfuture.Anotherimportanterrorismixed-abilityteaching,orteachinginabilitygroupsso58thatthemostablegroupsare59andareboredwhiletheleastablearelostand60bored.Strangelyenough,fewheadteachersseemtobeinfavourofmixed-abilityschoolfootballteams.Progressdependsonmemory,andpupilsstarttoforgetimmediatelytheystophaving61lessons.ThisiswhymanypeoplewhoattendedFrenchlessonsatschool,eventhosewhogotgoodgrades,haveforgottenitafewyearslater.62theyneverneedit,theydonotpracticeit.MostAmericanschoolshaveacceptedwhatisinevitableand63modernlanguages,evenSpanish,fromthecurriculum.PerhapsitistimeforBritaintodothesame,andstop64resourcesonasubjectwhichfewpupilswantorneed.55.A.Dueto B.Inadditionto C.Insteadof D.Inspiteof56.A.errors B.situations C.systems D.methods57.A.vocabulary B.culture C.grammar D.literature58.A.wide B.similar C.separate D.unique59.A.keptout B.turneddown C.heldback D.leftbehind60.A.surprisingly B.individually C.equally D.hardly61.A.extra B.traditional C.basic D.regular62.A.Although B.Because C.Until D.Unless63.A.restored B.absorbed C.prohibited D.withdrawn64.A.wasting B.focusing C.exploiting D.sharing2006Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsofphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD,Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestit’sthecontext.(A)Severalyearsago,well-knownwriterandeditorNormanCousinsbecameveryill.Hisbodyachedandhefeltconstantlytired.Itwasdifficultforhimtoeven45around.Hisdoctortoldhimthathewouldlosetheabilitytomoveandeventuallydiefromthedisease.Hewastoldhehadonlya1in500chanceofsurvival.46thediagnosis(診斷),Cousinswasdeterminedtoovercomethediseaseandsurvive.Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedinmedicineandhadreadabook,whichdiscussedtheideaofhowbodychemistryandhealthcanbedamagedbyemotionalstressandnegative47.ThebookmadeCousinsthinkaboutthepossible48ofpositiveattitudesandemotions.Hethought,“Isitpossiblethatlove,hope,faith,laughter,confidence,andthe49tolivehavepositivetreatmentvalue?〞Hedecidedtoconcentrateonpositiveemotionsasawaytotreatsomeofthesymptomsofhisdisease.Inadditiontohistraditionalmedicaltreatment,hetriedtoputhimselfinsituationsthatwould50positiveemotions.“Laughtherapy〞becamepartofhistreatment.He51timeeachdayforwatchingcomedyfilms,readinghumorousbooks,anddoingotheractivitiesthatwoulddrawout52emotions.Withineightdaysofstartinghis“l(fā)aughtherapy〞programhispainbeganto53andhewasabletosleepmoreeasily.Hewasabletoreturntoworkinafewmonths’timeand54reachedcompleterecoveryafterafewyears.45．A．run B．pass C．move D．travel46．A．Besides B．Despite C．Without D．Beyond47．A．a(chǎn)ttitudes B．beliefs C．goals D．positions48．A．shortcoming B．harm C．benefit D．interest49．A．emotion B．pain C．fear D．will50．A．bringabout B．setabout C．putup D．makeup51．A．a(chǎn)fforded B．a(chǎn)ppointed C．offered D．a(chǎn)rranged52．A．positive B．a(chǎn)pproving C．strong D．mixed53．A．escape B．decrease C．shrink D．end54．A．generally B．especially C．a(chǎn)ctually D．presently“Whenacustomerentersmystore,forgetme.HeisKing.〞saidJohnWanamaker,whoin1876turnedanabandonedrailwaystationinPhiladelphiaintooneofmeworld’sfirstdepartmentstoresThisrevolutionaryconcept55thefaceofretailing〔零售業(yè)〕andledtothedevelopmentofadvertisingandmarketingasweknowittoday.Butconvincingasthatsloganwas,56theshopperwascheatedoutofthecrown57manufacturingefficiencyincreasedthevarietyofgoodsandloweredprices,peoplestillreliedonadvertisementstogetmostinformationaboutproducts.Throughmuchofthepastcentury,adsspoketoanaudiencerestrictedtojustafewradioortelevisionchannelsora58numberofpublications.Nowmediachoice,has59too,andconsumersselectwhattheywantfromafargreatervarietyofsources—especiallywithafewclicksofacomputermouse60theinternet,theconsumerisfinallyseizingpower.Asoursurveyshows,61hasgreatimplicationsforcompanies,becauseitischangingthewaytheworldshops.Manyfirmsalreadyclaimtobe“customer-driven〞or“consumer-centred〞.Nowtheir62willbetestedasneverbefore.Takingadvantageofshoppers’63willnolongerbepossible:peoplewillknow—andsoontellothers,eventhosewithouttheinternet—thatpricesinthenexttownarecheaperorthatcertaingoodsareinferior.Theinternetisworkingwondersin64standards.GoodandGoodandhonestfirmsshouldbenefitmost.55．A．changed B．maintained C．restored D．rescued56．A．intime B．intruth C．i