英語北師大選修8課件：第22單元重點(diǎn)小結(jié)

單元重點(diǎn)小結(jié)單元重點(diǎn)小結(jié)重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀1.trapvt.

n.圈套;計(jì)謀

betrappedin被……困住

odoingsth.誘騙某人做某事例如:Howdidhe

(騙你借給他錢)lastweek?

2.reserven.保護(hù)區(qū)vt.

reservesth.forsb.為某人預(yù)留某物makeareservation預(yù)定withoutreservation毫無保留地例如:Whowillyou

(預(yù)留這個(gè)座位)for?

3.look

展望未來

lookaround向四周看lookdownupon看不起lookinto調(diào)查lookthrough瀏覽例如:Theman

(向四周看),buthesawnothing.

使困住,使陷入困境

trapyouintolendinghimthemoney保留,預(yù)定

reservethisseataheadlookedaround重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀1.trapv重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀4.relevantadj.

berelevantto...與……相關(guān)例如:Idon’tknowhowthesubjectwill

(與這些孩子有關(guān)).

5.substituten.代用品;代替品vt.

substituteAforB用A代替B

substituteBwithA用A代替B例如:CanI

(用紅色的球代替藍(lán)色的球)?

6.carry

掠去;奪走;成功地應(yīng)付

carryon繼續(xù)carryout執(zhí)行carrythrough成功完成例如:Itwasayounggirlthat

(奪走這個(gè)大獎(jiǎng)).

有關(guān)的

berelevanttothesechildren用……替代/頂替

substitutetheredballfortheblueball/theblueballwithwiththeredballoffcarriedoffthebigprize重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀4.releva重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀7.result

導(dǎo)致

resultfrom起因于……

asaresult結(jié)果asaresultof因?yàn)椤?Thisbigaccident

(導(dǎo)致他被解雇).

8.adoptvt.

adoptedadj.被收養(yǎng)的adoptionn.收養(yǎng)例如:Itissaidthattheboy

(十年前被收養(yǎng)).

9.breakaway

擺脫,脫離

breakdown拋錨breakdown身體垮掉breakinto破門而入breakout爆發(fā)breakup分手breakthrough突破breakoff中止例如:Themantriedto

(從警察手里掙脫),butinvain.

inresultedinhisbeingfired采用,收養(yǎng)

wasadoptedtenyearsagofrombreakawayfromthepoliceman重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀7.result重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀1.Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun’srays

leavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.

要是沒有這些自然產(chǎn)生的氣體,太陽光線就會(huì)反射回太空中,使得地球寒冷,(人類)不可能在上面生存。2.Increasedtemperatureswillalsocausethepolaricetomelt,

.

溫度升高還會(huì)引起極地冰山融化,海平面上升,從而淹沒很多島嶼和城市。3.Stormshavebeengettingworseeverywheretoo,

theUS,andCentralAmerica.

暴風(fēng)雨愈發(fā)肆虐,越來越多的颶風(fēng)襲擊美國和中美洲。wouldbouncebackintospaceraisingsealevelsandfloodingmanyislandsandcitieswithagrowingnumberofhurricaneshitting重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀1.Withou重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀4.Manypeoplethoughtthatpermissionwouldn’tbegiven,andsomethoughttheproject

.許多人認(rèn)為是不會(huì)給予這種許可的,也有一些人認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)工程本來就不應(yīng)該被允許。shouldneverhavebeenallowed重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀4.Manyp重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀一、轉(zhuǎn)述結(jié)構(gòu)1.近來的報(bào)告警告,全球變暖會(huì)導(dǎo)致可怕的氣候變化。

globalwarmingwillcauseterribleclimatechanges.

2.科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),地球的氣溫被溫室氣體控制。

thetemperatureoftheEarthiscontrolledbygreenhousegases.

3.他命令你立刻站起來。Heorderedyou

.

RecentreportswarnedthatScientistsfoundthattostandupimmediately重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀一、轉(zhuǎn)述結(jié)構(gòu)Re重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)4.他們最壯觀的工程之一被叫做包圍島嶼。Oneoftheirmostspectacularprojects

.

5.兩三個(gè)新工程現(xiàn)在被戴維和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)。Twoorthreenewprojects

byDavidandhisteam.

wascalledSurroundedIslandsarecurrentlybeingdeveloped重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)wa重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀Talkingabouttheweather(談?wù)撎鞖?(1)Itlookslikeit’sgoingtobesunny.(2)Yes,it’smuchbetterthanyesterday.(3)Theysaywe’regoingtogetsomerainlater.(4)Ithinkit’sgoingtobeaniceday.(5)It’scertainlyabigimprovementoveryesterday.(6)Butit’ssupposedtogetcloudyandwindyagainthisafternoon.(7)Well,theworstofthewintershouldbeover.(8)Itseemstobeclearingup.(9)Ireallydon’tthinkthisweatherwilllast.(10)Let’sjusthopeitdoesn’tgetcoldagain.(11)Iwishitwouldstaythiswayfortheweekend.(12)Aslongasitdoesn’tsnow!重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀Talking重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀淺談詞義猜測題解題策略一、題型解讀詞義猜測題主要考查根據(jù)構(gòu)詞、定義、對(duì)比、因果、聯(lián)想等線索理解詞義的能力。常見的考查形式有生詞詞義、舊詞新義、代詞的指代、短語的引申義、句子含義等。做這類題目時(shí),要根據(jù)詞、詞組、句子所在的語境來判斷其意義。猜測任何詞義都離不開上下文,所以要借助上下文對(duì)需要猜測的詞或短語進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推測。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀淺談詞義猜測題解重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀二、解題策略1.單詞或短語猜測題此題型考查考生對(duì)某個(gè)生詞或短語的含義的猜測能力。要求考生利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞或短語前后的句子)進(jìn)行推理,猜測出某個(gè)特定單詞或短語的意思。做此類題目常用的方法有:(1)根據(jù)定義進(jìn)行猜測。一般情況下,文章中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需要猜測其意義的詞或短語,下面會(huì)接著出現(xiàn)解釋性的文字(一般是同位語、定語從句、定義等),這就是解題的主要依據(jù)。(2)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測。在英語中,有很多詞可以加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞,如果掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識(shí),就不難猜出它的詞義。(3)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。在一篇閱讀文章中,根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果,根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀二、解題策略重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀(4)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。根據(jù)上下句的連接詞,如but,however,otherwise等可知前后句存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,從而依據(jù)某一句的含義,來確定另一句的含義。常見的設(shè)題形式:(1)Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans“

”.

(2)Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?(3)Theunderlinedword“

”inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby“

”.

(4)Whatdoesthephrase“

”inParagraph1mean?

重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀(4)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀【典題例析】(2016全國Ⅰ高考,C篇)IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I’vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細(xì)胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻(xiàn)者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀【典題例析】(2重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀●Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A.provider

B.deliverymanC.collector D.medicaldoctor解析:B

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段中的“

I’ve

done

89

trips”和“I

have

42

hours

to

carry

stem

cells

in

my

little

box”以及下文中的內(nèi)容可知作者是運(yùn)送干細(xì)胞的人,也就是delivery

man。故選B項(xiàng)。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀●Whicho重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀2.句意猜測題句意猜測題大多考查一個(gè)句子的寓意,而非字面含義,且與文章主旨或段落主題密切相關(guān)。做此類題的常用方法如下:(1)閱讀文章,對(duì)句子進(jìn)行語法和詞義上的準(zhǔn)確分析,并依據(jù)文章主旨或段落主題深層次地理解句子含義。(2)將所理解的句意和所給選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較。一般來說,正確選項(xiàng)的意思與原句的意思相同,只不過是用了其他的英語詞匯表述出來而已。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀2.句意猜測題重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀常見的設(shè)題形式:(1)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans“

”.

(2)WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4mean?(3)Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀常見的設(shè)題形式:重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀3.代詞指代題代詞指代題旨在考查考生對(duì)閱讀素材的理解和把握能力。文章中的代詞it,that,he,him,them等可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和that還可以指一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn),要認(rèn)真查找;也有時(shí)需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),才能得出代詞所指代的對(duì)象。做此類題可采用下列方法:(1)準(zhǔn)確理解畫線部分代詞所在的句子的意思。如果不能解決問題,那么還要準(zhǔn)確理解該句子前一兩個(gè)句子的意思。(2)理解句子的意思后,要將注意力放在畫線代詞所在句子的前半部分的名詞或名詞性短語上。如果不能解決問題,則應(yīng)注意該句子前一兩個(gè)句子中的名詞或名詞性短語。(3)將確定的答案替代畫線部分的代詞,看句子的意思是否通順,邏輯關(guān)系是否成立。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀3.代詞指代題重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀【典題例析】(2016全國Ⅱ高考,C篇)...Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀【典題例析】重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀●Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Thebook. B.Anadventure.C.Apublicplace. D.Theidentificationnumber.解析:A

根據(jù)此段中的“...hoping

that

the

book

will

have

an

adventure,traveling

far

and

wide...”可知,此處的“it”指的是“the

book”。故選A項(xiàng)。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀●Whatdo重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀【文章導(dǎo)語】

全球變暖導(dǎo)致了很多災(zāi)難。關(guān)于全球變暖的危害,科學(xué)家又有了新的發(fā)現(xiàn):全球變暖會(huì)使人類變矮。Peoplearoundtheworldmayfeelthattheclimatehasbeengettingsteadilywarmerandwarmerinrecentyears.Placeswhichusedtobeabundantinsnowfallhavefrequentlyexperiencedsnow-freewinters.Droughtlastslongerinsomedryareas.Peoplefindthatwithoutairconditionerstheycouldhardlyworkorfallasleeponhotsummerdays.Thesideeffectsofglobalwarmingarealarming.Awarmerglobalclimatemeltstheicecaps,raisingsealevels.Whatismore,itdisturbsweatherpatterns,causingdroughts,severestormsandhurricanes.Peoplesufferalotfromdisastersrelevanttoglobalwarming.Hereisanotherdiscoveryaboutglobalwarming.重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀【文章導(dǎo)語】全重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀Globalwarmingcouldmakehumansshorter,warnscientistswhoclaimtohavefoundevidencethatitcausedtheworld’sfirsthorsestoshrinknearly50millionyearsago.Infact,ateamfromtheuniversitiesofFloridaandNebraskasaysithasfoundalinkbetweentheEarthheatingupandthesizeofmammals—horses,inthiscase,thelasttimetheworldheatedup.Thescientistsusedfossilstofollowtheevolutionofhorsesfromtheirearliestappearance56millionyearsago.Astemperatureswentuptheirsizewentdown,andviceversa;atonepointtheywereassmallasahousecat,saidDrJonathanBloch,curatoroftheFloridaMuseumofNaturalHistory.Thescientistssaythatthecurrentwarmingcouldhavethesameeffectonmammals—andcouldevenmakehumanssmaller.重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀Globalw重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀“Horsesstartedoutsmall,aboutthesizeofasmalldoglikeaminiatureschnauzer.What’ssurprisingisthataftertheyfirstappeared,theythenbecameevensmallerandthendramaticallyincreasedinsize,andthatexactlycorrespondstotheglobalwarmingevent,followedbycooling.“Ithadbeenknownthatmammalsweresmallduringthattimeandthatitwaswarm,butwehadn’tunderstoodthattemperaturespecificallywasdrivingtheevolutionofbodysize,”DrBlochsaidinthe“Science”journal.重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀“Horses重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀譯文全世界的人或許覺得近幾年氣候正逐步變得越來越暖和。過去降雪豐富的地方已經(jīng)經(jīng)常經(jīng)歷無雪的冬天了。干旱在一些較干的地區(qū)持續(xù)時(shí)間更長了。人們發(fā)現(xiàn),沒有空調(diào)他們幾乎無法在炎熱的夏日里工作或入睡。全球變暖的副作用在敲響警鐘。更暖和的氣候使冰塊融化,海平面上升。而且,全球變暖擾亂了天氣模式,導(dǎo)致干旱、嚴(yán)重的暴雨和颶風(fēng)。與全球變暖有關(guān)的災(zāi)難使人們受了很多苦。這里有關(guān)于全球變暖的另一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)。科學(xué)家警告說,全球變暖可能會(huì)使人類變矮。科學(xué)家宣稱已經(jīng)找到證據(jù):近5000萬年前全球變暖就曾讓世界上最早的馬個(gè)頭變小。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀譯文重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀事實(shí)上,來自佛羅里達(dá)州和內(nèi)布拉斯加州的大學(xué)的一支研究團(tuán)隊(duì)稱,他們已經(jīng)找到地球變暖和哺乳動(dòng)物個(gè)頭之間的聯(lián)系。這一案例中馬變矮的現(xiàn)象是上一次全球變暖時(shí)發(fā)生的?？茖W(xué)家用化石來追溯馬從5600萬年前誕生至今的進(jìn)化歷程。隨著氣溫的上升,馬的個(gè)頭變小;反之,氣溫下降,馬的個(gè)頭就變大。佛羅里達(dá)自然歷史博物館館長喬納森·布洛赫博士說,它們?cè)欢认窦邑埬敲葱　？茖W(xué)家稱,當(dāng)前的全球變暖可能也會(huì)對(duì)哺乳動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生同樣的影響,甚至可能會(huì)讓人類的個(gè)子也變小。布洛赫博士在《科學(xué)》雜志中寫道:“馬最初的個(gè)頭很小,和一只小狗的個(gè)頭差不多,大約也就像一只迷你型雪納瑞犬那么大。令人驚訝的是,在馬誕生后過了一段時(shí)間,它們的個(gè)子變得更小,之后個(gè)頭又顯著變大,而這些變化與全球變暖既而變冷正好是相對(duì)應(yīng)的。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀事實(shí)上,來自佛羅重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀

“我們已經(jīng)知道哺乳動(dòng)物在那個(gè)時(shí)期個(gè)頭較小,而那個(gè)時(shí)期氣候也較暖,但我們還未意識(shí)到正是溫度驅(qū)動(dòng)著身體大小的進(jìn)化?！痹~海拾貝1.abundant[??b?nd?nt]adj.豐富的,大量的2.mammal[?m?ml]n.哺乳動(dòng)物3.curator[kj???reIt?]n.館長4.quote[kw??t]v.引用5.miniatureschnauzer迷你型雪納瑞犬6.correspond[?k?r??sp?nd]v.符合;相一致重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀“我們已經(jīng)知道重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀理解誘思1.What

has

caused

some

ice

caps

to

melt

according

to

the

passage?A.Storms.

B.Hurricanes.C.Global

warming.

D.Polar

bears.2.What’s

your

opinion

about

global

warming’s

influence?Why?答案:C答案:略

重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀理解誘思答案:C單元重點(diǎn)小結(jié)單元重點(diǎn)小結(jié)重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀1.trapvt.

n.圈套;計(jì)謀

betrappedin被……困住

odoingsth.誘騙某人做某事例如:Howdidhe

(騙你借給他錢)lastweek?

2.reserven.保護(hù)區(qū)vt.

reservesth.forsb.為某人預(yù)留某物makeareservation預(yù)定withoutreservation毫無保留地例如:Whowillyou

(預(yù)留這個(gè)座位)for?

3.look

展望未來

lookaround向四周看lookdownupon看不起lookinto調(diào)查lookthrough瀏覽例如:Theman

(向四周看),buthesawnothing.

使困住,使陷入困境

trapyouintolendinghimthemoney保留,預(yù)定

reservethisseataheadlookedaround重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀1.trapv重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀4.relevantadj.

berelevantto...與……相關(guān)例如:Idon’tknowhowthesubjectwill

(與這些孩子有關(guān)).

5.substituten.代用品;代替品vt.

substituteAforB用A代替B

substituteBwithA用A代替B例如:CanI

(用紅色的球代替藍(lán)色的球)?

6.carry

掠去;奪走;成功地應(yīng)付

carryon繼續(xù)carryout執(zhí)行carrythrough成功完成例如:Itwasayounggirlthat

(奪走這個(gè)大獎(jiǎng)).

有關(guān)的

berelevanttothesechildren用……替代/頂替

substitutetheredballfortheblueball/theblueballwithwiththeredballoffcarriedoffthebigprize重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀4.releva重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀7.result

導(dǎo)致

resultfrom起因于……

asaresult結(jié)果asaresultof因?yàn)椤?Thisbigaccident

(導(dǎo)致他被解雇).

8.adoptvt.

adoptedadj.被收養(yǎng)的adoptionn.收養(yǎng)例如:Itissaidthattheboy

(十年前被收養(yǎng)).

9.breakaway

擺脫,脫離

breakdown拋錨breakdown身體垮掉breakinto破門而入breakout爆發(fā)breakup分手breakthrough突破breakoff中止例如:Themantriedto

(從警察手里掙脫),butinvain.

inresultedinhisbeingfired采用,收養(yǎng)

wasadoptedtenyearsagofrombreakawayfromthepoliceman重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀7.result重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀1.Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun’srays

leavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.

要是沒有這些自然產(chǎn)生的氣體,太陽光線就會(huì)反射回太空中,使得地球寒冷,(人類)不可能在上面生存。2.Increasedtemperatureswillalsocausethepolaricetomelt,

.

溫度升高還會(huì)引起極地冰山融化,海平面上升,從而淹沒很多島嶼和城市。3.Stormshavebeengettingworseeverywheretoo,

theUS,andCentralAmerica.

暴風(fēng)雨愈發(fā)肆虐,越來越多的颶風(fēng)襲擊美國和中美洲。wouldbouncebackintospaceraisingsealevelsandfloodingmanyislandsandcitieswithagrowingnumberofhurricaneshitting重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀1.Withou重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀4.Manypeoplethoughtthatpermissionwouldn’tbegiven,andsomethoughttheproject

.許多人認(rèn)為是不會(huì)給予這種許可的,也有一些人認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)工程本來就不應(yīng)該被允許。shouldneverhavebeenallowed重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀4.Manyp重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀一、轉(zhuǎn)述結(jié)構(gòu)1.近來的報(bào)告警告,全球變暖會(huì)導(dǎo)致可怕的氣候變化。

globalwarmingwillcauseterribleclimatechanges.

2.科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),地球的氣溫被溫室氣體控制。

thetemperatureoftheEarthiscontrolledbygreenhousegases.

3.他命令你立刻站起來。Heorderedyou

.

RecentreportswarnedthatScientistsfoundthattostandupimmediately重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀一、轉(zhuǎn)述結(jié)構(gòu)Re重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)4.他們最壯觀的工程之一被叫做包圍島嶼。Oneoftheirmostspectacularprojects

.

5.兩三個(gè)新工程現(xiàn)在被戴維和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)。Twoorthreenewprojects

byDavidandhisteam.

wascalledSurroundedIslandsarecurrentlybeingdeveloped重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)wa重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀Talkingabouttheweather(談?wù)撎鞖?(1)Itlookslikeit’sgoingtobesunny.(2)Yes,it’smuchbetterthanyesterday.(3)Theysaywe’regoingtogetsomerainlater.(4)Ithinkit’sgoingtobeaniceday.(5)It’scertainlyabigimprovementoveryesterday.(6)Butit’ssupposedtogetcloudyandwindyagainthisafternoon.(7)Well,theworstofthewintershouldbeover.(8)Itseemstobeclearingup.(9)Ireallydon’tthinkthisweatherwilllast.(10)Let’sjusthopeitdoesn’tgetcoldagain.(11)Iwishitwouldstaythiswayfortheweekend.(12)Aslongasitdoesn’tsnow!重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀Talking重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀淺談詞義猜測題解題策略一、題型解讀詞義猜測題主要考查根據(jù)構(gòu)詞、定義、對(duì)比、因果、聯(lián)想等線索理解詞義的能力。常見的考查形式有生詞詞義、舊詞新義、代詞的指代、短語的引申義、句子含義等。做這類題目時(shí),要根據(jù)詞、詞組、句子所在的語境來判斷其意義。猜測任何詞義都離不開上下文,所以要借助上下文對(duì)需要猜測的詞或短語進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推測。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀淺談詞義猜測題解重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀二、解題策略1.單詞或短語猜測題此題型考查考生對(duì)某個(gè)生詞或短語的含義的猜測能力。要求考生利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞或短語前后的句子)進(jìn)行推理,猜測出某個(gè)特定單詞或短語的意思。做此類題目常用的方法有:(1)根據(jù)定義進(jìn)行猜測。一般情況下,文章中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需要猜測其意義的詞或短語,下面會(huì)接著出現(xiàn)解釋性的文字(一般是同位語、定語從句、定義等),這就是解題的主要依據(jù)。(2)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測。在英語中,有很多詞可以加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞,如果掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識(shí),就不難猜出它的詞義。(3)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。在一篇閱讀文章中,根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果,根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀二、解題策略重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀(4)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。根據(jù)上下句的連接詞,如but,however,otherwise等可知前后句存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,從而依據(jù)某一句的含義,來確定另一句的含義。常見的設(shè)題形式:(1)Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans“

”.

(2)Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?(3)Theunderlinedword“

”inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby“

”.

(4)Whatdoesthephrase“

”inParagraph1mean?

重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀(4)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀【典題例析】(2016全國Ⅰ高考,C篇)IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I’vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細(xì)胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻(xiàn)者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀【典題例析】(2重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀●Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A.provider

B.deliverymanC.collector D.medicaldoctor解析:B

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段中的“

I’ve

done

89

trips”和“I

have

42

hours

to

carry

stem

cells

in

my

little

box”以及下文中的內(nèi)容可知作者是運(yùn)送干細(xì)胞的人,也就是delivery

man。故選B項(xiàng)。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀●Whicho重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀2.句意猜測題句意猜測題大多考查一個(gè)句子的寓意,而非字面含義,且與文章主旨或段落主題密切相關(guān)。做此類題的常用方法如下:(1)閱讀文章,對(duì)句子進(jìn)行語法和詞義上的準(zhǔn)確分析,并依據(jù)文章主旨或段落主題深層次地理解句子含義。(2)將所理解的句意和所給選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較。一般來說,正確選項(xiàng)的意思與原句的意思相同,只不過是用了其他的英語詞匯表述出來而已。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀2.句意猜測題重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀常見的設(shè)題形式:(1)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans“

”.

(2)WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4mean?(3)Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀常見的設(shè)題形式:重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀3.代詞指代題代詞指代題旨在考查考生對(duì)閱讀素材的理解和把握能力。文章中的代詞it,that,he,him,them等可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和that還可以指一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn),要認(rèn)真查找;也有時(shí)需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),才能得出代詞所指代的對(duì)象。做此類題可采用下列方法:(1)準(zhǔn)確理解畫線部分代詞所在的句子的意思。如果不能解決問題,那么還要準(zhǔn)確理解該句子前一兩個(gè)句子的意思。(2)理解句子的意思后,要將注意力放在畫線代詞所在句子的前半部分的名詞或名詞性短語上。如果不能解決問題,則應(yīng)注意該句子前一兩個(gè)句子中的名詞或名詞性短語。(3)將確定的答案替代畫線部分的代詞,看句子的意思是否通順,邏輯關(guān)系是否成立。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀3.代詞指代題重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀【典題例析】(2016全國Ⅱ高考,C篇)...Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀【典題例析】重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀●Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Thebook. B.Anadventure.C.Apublicplace. D.Theidentificationnumber.解析:A

根據(jù)此段中的“...hoping

that

the

book

will

have

an

adventure,traveling

far

and

wide...”可知,此處的“it”指的是“the

book”。故選A項(xiàng)。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀●Whatdo重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀【文章導(dǎo)語】

全球變暖導(dǎo)致了很多災(zāi)難。關(guān)于全球變暖的危害,科學(xué)家又有了新的發(fā)現(xiàn):全球變暖會(huì)使人類變矮。Peoplearoundtheworldmayfeelthattheclimatehasbeengettingsteadilywarmerandwarmerinrecentyears.Placeswhichusedtobeabundantinsnowfallhavefrequentlyexperiencedsnow-freewinters.Droughtlastslongerinsomedryareas.Peoplefindthatwithoutairconditionerstheycouldhardlyworkorfallasleeponhotsummerdays.Thesideeffectsofglobalwarmingarealarming.Awarmerglobalclimatemeltstheicecaps,raisingsealevels.Whatismore,itdisturbsweatherpatterns,causingdroughts,severestormsandhurricanes.Peoplesufferalotfromdisastersrelevanttoglobalwarming.Hereisanotherdiscoveryaboutglobalwarming.重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀【文章導(dǎo)語】全重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)語法功能走近高考拓展閱讀Globalwarmingcouldmakehumansshorter,warnscientistswhoclaimtohavefoundevidencethatitcausedtheworld’sfirsthorsestoshrinknearly50millionyearsago.Infact,ateamfromtheuniversitiesofFloridaandNebraskasaysithasfoundalinkbetweentheEarthheatingupandthesizeofmammals—horses,inthiscase,thelasttimetheworldheatedup.Thescientistsusedfossilstofollowtheevolutionofhorsesfromtheirearliestappearance56millionyearsago.Astemperatures