高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解 名詞 課件

名詞、數(shù)詞名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則變化1.一般名詞+struth--truths事實(shí)habit--habits習(xí)慣painting--paintings畫(huà)作dream--dreams夢(mèng)想expression--expressions詞語(yǔ)event--events事件month--months月path--paths小路2.以s-,x-,ch-,sh-結(jié)尾的名詞+esapproch--approches方法，途徑dish--dishes菜肴match--matches比賽，火柴fox--foxes狐貍stomach--stomachs胃watch--watches手表compass--compasses指南針3.“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加es;“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞，詞尾+sactivity--activities活動(dòng)baby--babies嬰兒discover--discoveries發(fā)現(xiàn)essay--essays散文fly--flies蒼蠅toy--toys玩具key--keys鑰匙valley--valleys山谷day--days日子4.以f/fe結(jié)尾，變f/fe為v再加esthief--thieves小偷wife--wives妻子

life--lives生活self--selves自己leaf--leaves葉子wolf--wolves狼

shelf--shelves架子knife--knives刀half--halves一半小偷（thief）之妻（wife）生活（life）難，自己（self）掃葉（leaf）來(lái)做飯。忽見(jiàn)一狼（wolf）躲架（shelf）后，取刀（knife）把它劈兩半（half）.chief--chiefs首領(lǐng)belief--beliefs信仰roof--roofs屋頂proof--proofs證據(jù)cliff--cliffs懸崖gulf--gulfs海灣serf--serfs農(nóng)奴5.以o結(jié)尾的的名詞，常在詞尾加sradio--radios收音機(jī)photo--photos照片zoo--zoos動(dòng)物園bamboo--bamboos竹子piano--pianos鋼琴volcano--volcano(e)s但下列名詞要加eshero--heroes英雄potato--potatoes土豆tomato--tomatoes不規(guī)則變化1.改變單詞內(nèi)部元音tooth--teeth牙齒foot--feet腳man--men男人

woman--women女人child--children孩子mouse--mice老鼠medium--media/mediums媒介phenomenon--phenomena現(xiàn)象2.單復(fù)同形deer鹿means方法sheep綿羊

series系列works工廠species類(lèi)別，物種3.常用復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞greetings問(wèn)候wishes祝愿congratulations祝賀surroundings環(huán)境thanks感謝possessions/belongings財(cái)物directions說(shuō)明pains辛勞?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞advice建議news新聞；消息weather天氣information信息work工作progress進(jìn)步equipment設(shè)備furniture家具fun樂(lè)趣baggage/luggage行李homework家庭作業(yè)housework家務(wù)poetry詩(shī)歌

knowledge知識(shí)

名詞所有格1.一般在單數(shù)名詞詞尾加’smymother’sbirthday我媽媽的生日Children’sDay兒童節(jié)2.以s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加’myboss’hat我老板的帽子myparents’wishes我父母的心愿名詞的固定搭配beof+抽象名詞=be+相應(yīng)的形容詞beofimportance/value/help/significance/benefit/use/beauty/interest=beimportant/valuable/helpful/significant/beneficial/useful/beatiful/interesting名詞+介詞(to)thekeyto......的鑰匙/關(guān)鍵theanswerto......的答案theentranceto......的入口thesolutionto......的解決辦法theaccessto......的通道thebridgeto......的橋梁theapproachto......的方法含名詞復(fù)數(shù)的短語(yǔ)makefriends交朋友shakehands握手

inhighspirits情緒高昂makepreparations準(zhǔn)備

takenotes做筆記inalldirections向四面八方

makearrangments安排makebothendsmeet收支相抵inrags衣衫襤褸takepains下功夫

inruins成為廢墟taketurns輪流intermsof就...而言數(shù)詞的基本用法1.基數(shù)詞的?？键c(diǎn)“在某人幾十歲時(shí)”，常用inone’s+逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式inmytwenties在我二十幾歲時(shí)

inhersixties在她六十幾歲時(shí)

inherlateeighties在她近九十歲時(shí)hundred,thousand,million等名詞前有數(shù)詞或afew,several時(shí)，不能用復(fù)數(shù)；表示不確切的數(shù)目是，這些詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式twohundredyears兩百年severalthousand幾千hundredsofletters幾百封信2.序數(shù)詞的考點(diǎn)序數(shù)詞前一般應(yīng)加定冠詞或物主代詞等限定詞，加a表“又一，再一”thefirstvisit第一次旅游myfirstvisit我第一次拜訪asecondvoyage又一次航海表分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，即：“子基母序”；分子如果大于1，分母要用復(fù)數(shù)形式onetenth十分之一twofifths五分之二aquarter四分之一單句填空1.Aftertheeventthe______(piano)aredonatedtolocalschoolsandcommunitygroups.2.The______(roof)ofthesehouseswerecoveredwith_______(leaf).3.Therearemanyinteresting______(story)inthebook.4.Ican'tfindthekey_____thedoor.Haveyouseenit?5.Thecrowdfloodedinall______(direct).6.Wesetouttoclimbthehighmountaininhigh_______(spirit).易錯(cuò)練習(xí)1.Itwasinhis____(forty)thathereturnedhomefromabroad.2.Itisoneofthewonderful_______(phenomenon)ofnature.3.Makesureyoureadthe____(instruct)beforeyoustartusingthemachine.4.Shepackedherfew______(belong)inabagandleft.5.Two______(five)ofthemoneyhasbeenspentonthefurniture.單句改錯(cuò)1.First,wecangotoQingdao,whereitiscoolandmildandhavefunsattheseaside2.Wecouldn'thelptakinglotsofwonderfulphoto.3.Therearevariouswaytogetrelaxedformiddleschoolstudents.4.Weofferedourcongratulationonhiswinningfirstprize.5.WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.6.Itisatenminuteswalkfrommyhometoschool.7.Itismygrandfather’seightybirthdayparty語(yǔ)法填空Colorfulfruitandvegetablesarehelpfultoourhealth.Theirnatural_____(color)helpprotectusfromdisease.Thinkaboutthecolorsoffruitandvegetables--theredof_______(tomato),theorangeofcarrots,thegreenofapplesandthepurpleofgrapes.Youcanenjoy_____(eat)fruitandvegetablesofallcolors---green,yellow,blue,purple,andwhite.Eachcolor______(be)

importanttoourhealth.Thesecolorsworktogethertoprotect

our______(body)._________(scientist)havestudiedthemanddiscoveredthegoodofcolorfulfruitandvegetables.Thelistbelowshowssomebenefitofsomecolorsinfruitandvegetables:Redgivesusahealthyheart.Itcanpossiblyreduceheartdisease.Redhelpsimproveourmemory.Yellowisgoodtoour______(eye).Whitecanreducecholesterol(膽固醇).Greenishelpfultooureyesight.Italsogivesusstrongbonesand______(tooth).Bluehelpsuskeepagoodmemoryaswegrowold.Italsohelpsfightheartdisease.So,whenyouarebuyingoreatingfruitandvegetables,remember______(try)differentcolorsofthem.短文改錯(cuò)Itwaslateatnight.ThreeGermenweresleepingintheroomwhen,oneofthem.Mrs.Green,waswokenupandfoundathiefslippingintotheirroomtotryhisluck.Shehadthreethousandsdollarsinherwallet,"Whatshoulddo?Manythiefbringaknifewiththem.”shethoughtcalmly.Meanwhile,thethiefmayrealizethattherewassomeoneintheroom,soheleftforthenextroomwheretwoFrenchmanweresleeping.Whenhewassearchingforsomevaluablething,Mrs.Greenwokeupherfriendandcalledthepolice.Thethiefwasjustabouttogetawaywiththestolenpossessionwhenseveralpolicemanarrived.Theycaughthimonthespots.ItwasoneofMrs.Green'sunusualexperienceindeed.(2018全國(guó)卷2)Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.(2018全國(guó)卷2)Thisswitchhasdecreased___66___(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.(2018全國(guó)卷3)Atthatmoment,Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,"Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeleaningfromtextbooks,andmistakeaswell."(2018全國(guó)卷3)I'ma___66___(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.(2017全國(guó)卷1)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turningleft!”IwassonervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.(2017全國(guó)卷1)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（醫(yī)學(xué)界）asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(2017全國(guó)卷2)Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheinternet.(2017全國(guó)卷2)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible__61__(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.(2017全國(guó)卷3)Shehasturneddownseveral67(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.(2016全國(guó)卷1)MyuncletellsmethatthekeytohisSuccessishonest.(2016全國(guó)卷1)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew__69__(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,theotheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.(2016全國(guó)卷2)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.(2016全國(guó)卷2)Recent46(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.(2016全國(guó)卷3)Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.(2016全國(guó)卷3)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe48(develop)ofchopsticks.(2015全國(guó)卷1)I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverwhicharepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_65__(painting).

真題演練(2019全國(guó)卷1)