教學課件3（第4課時）：Working the land

第四學時Grammar動名詞作主語和賓語

一、動名詞作主語

(1)主語

Usingtherighthandtoshakehandsisaconventioninmanycountries.用右手握手是許多國家的一種習俗。(2)動名詞在“Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awasteoftime/agoodpleasure+doing”結構中作主語，it為形式主語。如：Itisnogoodwritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.寫信給他不妥，他從來不回信。

Itisnouseyourcomplaining;thecompanywon’tdoanythingaboutit.抱怨是沒有用的，公司是不會管的。(3)動名詞在“Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile+doing”結構中作主語。如：Itisgoodplayingchessaftersupper.晚飯后弈棋挺好。Itisuselessspeaking.光說是沒有用的。(4)動名詞在“Thereis(was)no+doing”結構中作主語。如：Thereisnodenyingthatsheisveryefficient.她效率高是不容否認的。Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo.他要做什么一點消息都沒有。二、動名詞作賓語

(1)有些動詞后面要求跟動名詞作賓語。常這樣用的動詞有：①習慣上只接動名詞的動詞:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,revent,finish,imagine,mind,practise,risk,suggest,keep,forbid,advise,allow.can’tstand,can’thelp,beworth,如：Willyouadmithavingbrokenthewindow?你承認不承認打破了窗戶？Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?你是否介意把收音機關小點聲？Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.松鼠很幸運沒有被逮住。②后接doing的詞組：prefer...to,beusedto,leadto,devoteoneselfto,stickto,lookforwardto,can’thelp,betiredof,befondof,beafraidof,beproudof,thinkof/about,putoff,insiston,besuccessfulin,begoodat,burstout,prevent...from,如：Heputoffmakingadecisiontillhehadmoreinformation.在獲得詳情之前，他沒有急于作出決定。WearelookingforwardtocomingtoChina.我們期待著來中國。③可接不定式和動名詞作賓語且含義基本相同的動詞：like,love,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue,intend④可接不定式和動名詞作賓語且含義不同的動詞：remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop,goon(2)在介詞后接動名詞作賓語。如：Wesucceededingettingoverallthedifficulties.我們終于克服了所有的困難。(3)在下列結構中：havedifficulty(trouble,problem,ahardtime,fun,agoodtime)(+in)+動名詞。Thereisnopoint(in)+動名詞，做某事沒意義。這些結構中動名詞做介詞賓語，in常要省去。如：Thereisnopoint(in)makingthesimpleexperimentsonceagain.再做一次這種簡單的實驗是毫無意義的。(4)在復合賓語中，用it作形式賓語，將動名詞短語放在后面。如：Iconsideritawasteoftimearguingaboutit.我認為辯論這事是很浪費時間的。三、動名詞的被動式(1)動詞need,require,want,deserve后，用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。其用法相當于不定式的被動結構。如：Thewatchneedsrepairing.=Thewatchneedstoberepaired.這塊表需要修理。Theproblemdeservesthinkingabout.=Theproblemdeservestobethoughtabout.這個問題值得考慮。(2)在（be）worth后面只能用動名詞的主動語態(tài)來表示被動意義。如：Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.他的提議值得考慮。典例剖析易錯點：1.下面短語中的to是介詞，后面只能跟名詞或動名詞：devoteoneself/one’stime,energy,etc.to(投入……)，getdownto(著手干……)，leadto(通向，導致)，objectto(反對)，payattentionto(注意)，lookforwardto(盼望)，beusedto(習慣于)，stickto(堅持)等。〔誤〕Hiswholefamilyobjectedtohisgiveupthejob.〔正〕Hiswholefamilyobjectedtohisgivingupthejob.2.下列動詞后只能跟不定式：afford,agree,ask,attempt,choose,decide,hope,expect,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等?！舱`〕Heofferedhelpingme.〔正〕Heofferedtohelpme.3.下列動詞或動詞短語的后面只能跟動名詞admit(承認)，appreciate,avoid,can’thelp(禁不住)，can’tstand(不能忍受)，consider(考慮，打算)，enjoy,escape(躲避)，excuse,finish,giveup,imagine,insiston,mind,miss（錯過）,practise,putoff,risk,setabout,suggest(建議)等?！舱`〕Headmittedtobreakthewindow.〔正〕Headmittedbreakingthewindow.4.下列動詞后既可跟不定式，也可跟動名詞，但含義不同：

forgettodo(忘記了要做什么)

forgetdoing(忘了做過的事情)

regrettodo(指當時或現(xiàn)在遺憾地做什么)

regretdoing(后悔做了什么事情)

trytodo(試圖做)

trydoing(嘗試做)

stopdoing(停止做)

stoptodo(停下來去做另一件事情)

meantodo(打算做)

meandoing(意味著)

goontodo(繼續(xù)去做另一件事情)

goondoing(繼續(xù)做同一件事情)

〔誤〕Heregrettedtohurthisbestfriend.

〔正〕Heregrettedhurtinghisbestfriend.

〔析〕表示“后悔干過……”，regret后跟動名詞。

一、單項選擇1．（2012年福建卷）Pressedfromhisparentsandthathehaswastedtoomuchtime，theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.（）A.RealizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized解析:分析句子結構可判斷，and在句中連接了兩個并列的表示原因的狀語，即Pressedfromhisparents和

thathehaswastedtoomuchtime，它們的邏輯主語都是句子的主語theboy,而theboy和realize之間構成了邏輯上的主謂關系，故用realize的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語，表示原因。B項為被動形式；C項為動詞不定式，表示動作還未發(fā)生；D項為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式，表示被動，均不符合句意。

A2．Idon'tallow

inmydrawingroom.Idon'tallowmyfamily

atall.A．smoking；tosmokeB．tosmoke；smokingC．tosmoke；tosmokeD．smoking；smoking解析:

allow要用動名詞做賓語，用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。

答案：A

3.（2012年陜西卷）

inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.()A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand

解析：句意：為了買新一代iPad，我們站在長長的隊伍里，等待著商店開門。兩部分之間由逗號分隔，后一部分為句子，且前后沒有連詞連接，所以此處填非謂語形式；另外，句子主語we發(fā)出stand這一動作，即we與stand之間為邏輯上的主謂關系，且stand伴隨謂語waited發(fā)生，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。A4．—What’smadeRuthsoupset?—________threeticketstothefolkmusicconcert.()A．LostB．LosingC．BecauseoflosingD．SinceshelostB5．Articlesusedbypatientsmustbedisinfectedbefore

others.A．usingB．beingusedbyC．usedbyD．beingusing解析:before是介詞，后面用動名詞；本題要用被動形式。答案：B

6．Theythoughtthereisnotrouble________theirfavoritebrandfromotherbrands.()A．totellB．tellingC．tellD．toldB7．Somebirdsfinallyreachhomebyaccidentally________landmarkswhichtheyrecognize.()A．tocomeacrossB．comingaroundC．comingacrossD．tocomearound解析:by是介詞,后接動名詞；comeacross是“偶然遇見”的意思。

答案：C

8．Iapologizefor________mypromise.()A．nothavingkeptB．beingkeptC．nottohavekeptD．havingnotkeptA解析：介詞for后面用動名詞的完成式。9．Alargeglassofwaterbeforeyoueatmayhelp________tooexcitedbeforedeliciousfoods.()A．tokeepyoufromgettingB．tocarryyoufromgettingC．topreventyoutogetD．tostopyoutogetA10．________forschoolonceinawhileoftenmakesMr.Smithangry.A．TombeinglateB．TomtobelateC．ForTombeinglateD．Tom'sbeinglate解析:Tom’sbeinglateforschool是動名詞的復合結構作主語。

答案：D

二、用所給動詞的正確形式完成句子1．Thebirdwasluckyanditjustmissed_____.(catch)2．________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothmenandwomen.3．—WhatmakesJanesoupset?—________(lose)theringherhusbandboughtforherbirthday.1.解析:miss后只能接動名詞,“小鳥躲過被捕捉的命運”,用beingcaught。

答案：beingcaught

2.Walking

3.Losing

4．Doyouthinkitofanyuse________(argue)withhimanymore?Wearewastingourtime________(try)topersuadehimtogiveuptheidea.5．________(find)ajobinsuchabigcompanyhasalwaysbeenbeyondhisdream.6．—Maybeyou'veforgotten_________(post)myletter.—HowcouldI?Iremember________(put)theletterintotheletterbox.4.arguing;trying

5.Finding

6.解析:forgettodosth.忘記做某事；rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事。

答案：topost,putting

三、語法填空Iusedtoliketogotoourlocalcinema.Itwasoldandratheruncomfortable，butithadcharacter.Nowthey'vestopped1.____(show)filmsthere.Theownerwouldliketogoon2.____(run)thecinema，buthewouldneedtomakealotofimprovements，whichwouldmean3.____(spend)tensofthousandsofpounds.Iremember4.____(watch)thelastfilmatthecinema.Itwasamurdermystery.Itwasfiveminutesfromtheend，andweweretrying5.____(work)outwhothemurdererwaswhensuddenlyallthelightswentoutandthefilmstopped.Wesatinthedarkforafewminutes，andthentheownerappearedwithatorch.“Iregret6.____(tell)you.”hesaid，“thatourelectricityhasfailed.Idon'tmean7.____(disappoint)you，butI'mafraidwecan'tshowyoutheendofthefilm.We'vetried8.____(phone)theelectricitycompany，buttheysaytheycan'thelp.”

Hewenton9.____(explain)totheaudiencehowthefilmended.Ididn'tunderstandthestory.ButIdon'tregret10.____(go)tothecinemaonthatlastevening.1.showing

2.解析:goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事。

答案：running

3.spending4.watching

5.解析:trytodosth.努力做某事。

答案：towork

6.totell

7.解析:meantodosth.企圖做某事,meantodisappointyou故意讓你失望。

答案：todisappoint

8.phoning9.toexplain

10.解析:regretdoingsth.因做了某事而后悔。

答案：going

四、語篇填空用所給動詞的適當形式填空。Freudwasoneofthefirstscientists1.________(make)seriousresearch