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ThephraseuniqueamonginthepassageisclosestinmeaningnaturaldifferentfromalloquitecommonWhatcanbeinferredaboutwhalesfromparagraphTheyareconsideredbysometoberepTheirbodiesarebuiltinawayhathelpsthemmanageextremelycoldtemperaturesTheyaredistantlyrelatedtoleatherbackturTheycanswimfartherthanleatherback比較的對象一定要分清！其實(shí)最重要的還是把原文看仔細(xì)ThewordfeatinthepassageisclosestinmeaningremarkablecommondailycomplexParagraph2mentionsallofhefollowingastrueaboutthebodyheatofadultleaherbackturtlesEXCEPT:TheirmusclesproduceheatformaintainingbodyTheirdarkbodieshelptrapsolarTheircellularmetabolismproducesheaasaby-BaskingathewaterssurfacehelpsthemobtainThewordbulkinthepassageisclosestinmeaningstrengacTheworditinparagraph4refersthetheturbodyAccordingtoparagraph4,whichofthefollowingfeaturesenablestheleatherbackturletostaywarm?AninsulatinglayerofAthick,oilyskincoveringfattyTheaerodynamicshapeofits此題無法從題此題無法從題 對應(yīng)。當(dāng)找不 時(shí)，就要仔細(xì)看文章了Whichofhesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangehemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessenialinformaion.Inaturtle'scountercurrentexchangesystem,outgoingvesselslienearenoughtoingoingoneshatheatcanbeexchangedfromtheformertothelatterbeforereachingheturtle'sflippers.Withintheturle'sflippers,hereisacountercurrentexchangesystemhatallowscolderbloodvesselstoabsorbheatfromnearbywarmerbloodvesselsandthenreturnwarmedbloodtotheturtle'sInacountercurrentexchangesystem,aturtlecanpickupbodyheatfrombeingcloseenoughtootherturtles,thusraisingitsbloodtemperatureasitpasseshem.Whenaturtleplacesitsflippersclosetoitsbody,itisabletouseitscountercurrentexchangesystemtotransferheatfromthewarmerbloodvesselsinitsbodytothecoolerbloodvesselsinitsflippers.Whydoesheauthormentionold-fashionedradiatorinthediscussionofcountercurrentexchangesystems?Toarguethataturle'scentralheaingsystemisnotashighlyevolvedashatofoherwarmbloodedanimalsToprovideausefulcomparisonwithwhichtoillustratehowacountercurrentexchangesystemworksTosuggestthatradiatorsweremodeledafterhesophisticatedheaingsystemofturtlesToestablishtheimportanceofhemovementofwaterincountercurrentexchangesystemsThephrasecoursesthroughinthepassageisclosestinmeaningrisesheatsupAccordingtoparagraph6,whichofthefollowingstatementsismostaccurateaboutyoungleatherbackturtles?Theylackthecountercurrentexchangesystemshatdevelopinadulthood.TheirrateofgrowthisslowerhanhatofotherseaturTheyloseheateasilyevenwithinsulationand

AWarm-BloodedWhenitcomestophysiology,heleatherbackturleis,insomeways,morelikeareptilianwhalethanaturtle.Itswimsfartherintothecoldofthenorthernandsouthernoceansthananyotherseaturle,anditdealswithhechillywatersinawayuniqueamongreptiles.第一段：提出Awarm-bloodedturtlemayseemtobeacontradictionintermsNoneheless,anadultleatherbackcanmaintainabodytemperatureofbetween25and26°C(7779°F)inseawaterthatisonly8°C(46.4°F). plishinghisfeatrequiresadaptationsbothtogenerateheatinheturtle'sbodyandtokeepitfromescaintothesurroundingwaters.Leatherbacksapparentlydonotgenerateinternalheatthewaywedo,orthewaybirdsdo,asaby-productofcellularmetabolismAleatherbackmaybeabletopickupsomebodyheatbybaskingatthesurface;itsdark,almostblackbodycolormayhelpittoabsorbsolarradiation.However,mostofitsinternalheatcomesfromtheacionofitsmuscles（講方第二段：一種烏龜能保暖+保暖的方式Leatherbackskeeptheirbodyheatinthreedifferentways.Thefirst,andsimplest,issize.Thebiggerheanimalis,heloweritssurfaceto-volumeraio;foreveryounceofbodymass,thereisproportionaylesssurfacethroughwhichheatcanescape.Anadultleatherbackistwicethesizeofthebiggestcheloniidseaturtlesandwillthereforetakelongertocooloff.Maintainingahighbodytemperaturethroughsheerbulkiscalledgigantotherrny.Itworksforelephants,forwhales,and,perhaps,itworkedformanyofhelargerdinosaurs.Itapparentlyworks,inasmallerway,forsomeoherseaturles.Largeloggerheadandgreenturtlescanmaintainheirbodytemperatureatadegreeortwoabovethatofthesurroundingwater,andgigantothermyisprobablythewaytheydoit.Muscularacivityhelps,too,andanactivelyswimminggreenturlemaybeTC(12.6°F)warmerhanhewatersitswims第三段：L保暖的第一種原因——體積Gigantothermy,hough,wouldnotbeenoughtokeepaleatherbackwarmincoldnorhernwaters.Itisnotenoughforwhales,whichsupplementitwithathicklayerofinsulatingblubber(fat)Leatherbacksdonothaveblubber,bu（考點(diǎn)）theydohaveareptilianequivalent:hick,oil-saturatedskin,wihalayeroffibrous,fattytissuejustbeneathit.Insulationprotectstheleaherbackeverywherebu（考點(diǎn)）onitsheadandflippers.Because（考點(diǎn)）heflippersarecomparaivelythinandbladelike,theyaretheonepartofheleatherbackthatislikelyto echilled.Thereisnotmuchhattheturlecandoabouthiswithoutcompromisingtheshapeoftheflipper.Theproblemisthatasbloodflowsthroughtheturle'sflippers,itriskslosingenoughheattolowertheanimal'scentralbodytemperaturewhenitreturns.Thesolutionistoallowtheflipperstocooldownwithoutdrawingheatawayfromherestoftheturle'sbody.Theleaherbackplishesthisbyarranginghebloodvesselsinthebaseofitsflipperintoacountercurrentexchangesystem.第四段：保暖的第二種原因+沒保暖到的地方+承上啟Inacountercurrentexchangesystem,thebloodvesselscarryingcooledbloodfromtheflippersruncloseenoughtothebloodvesselscarryingwarmbloodfromthebodytopickupsomeheatfromthewarmerbloodvessels;thus,theheatistransferredfromtheoutgoingtotheingoingvesselsbeforeitreachestheflipperitself.Thisisthesamearrangementfoundinanold-fashionedradiator,inwhichthecoiledpipespassheatbackandforthaswatercoursesthroughthem.Theleaherbackiscertainlynottheonlyanimalwithsuchanarrangement;gullshaveacountercurrentexchangeinheirlegs.Thatiswhyagullcanstandonanicefloewihoutfreezing.第五段：保暖的第三種原因Allthisapplies,ofcourse（考點(diǎn)）,onlytoanadultleatherbackHatchlingsaresimplytoosmalltoconservebodyheatevenwith（考點(diǎn)）insulationandcountercurrentexchangesystems.Wedonotknowhowold,orhowlarge,aleatherbackhastobebeforeitcanswitchfromacold-blooded ttakesotherseaturlestogrow.Perhapstheirrushto adulthoodisdrivenbyasimpleneedtokeepwarm.a-aiTheyswitchbetweencold-bloodedandwarm-bloodedmodeshroughoutheirhatchlingstage.

Paragraph3:Leatherbackskeeptheirbodyheatinthreedifferentways.Thefirst,andsimplest,issize.Thebiggerheanimalis,helowerassurfaceto-volumeratio;foreveryounceofbodymass,thereisproportionaylesssurfacehroughwhichheatcanescape.Anadultleatherbackistwicehesizeofhebiggestcheloniidseaturtlesandwillhereforetakelongertocooloff.Maintainingahighbodytemperaturehroughsheerbulkiscalledgigantotherrny.█Itworksforelephants,forwhales,and,perhaps,itworkedformanyofthelargerdinosaurs.█Itapparentlyworks,inasmallerway,forsomeotherseaturles.█Largeloggerheadandgreenturtlescanmaintainheirbodytemperatureatadegreeortwoabovethatofthesurroundingwater,andgigantohermyisprobablyhewaytheydoit█Muscularactivityhelps,too,andanactivelyswimminggreenturtlemaybeTC(12.6°F)warmerthanthewatersitswimsthrough.Lookatthefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtohepassage.However,theseanimalshaveadditionalmeansofstayingWherewouldthesentencebestDirections:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinhepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.

沒有理由啊。。太急了吧。請悠著點(diǎn)??！Contrarytowhatwewouldexpectofreptiles.theleatherbackturtleisactuallywarm-blooded.23 4AnswerEventhoughtheyswimintocoldoceanwaters,leaherbacksmaintaintheirbodyheainmuchthesamewayasseaturlesinwarmsouthernoceansdo.TheleaherbackturtleusesacountercurrentexchangesysteminordertokeeptheflippersfromdrawingheatawayfromtherestoftheTheshapeoftheleatherbackturtle'sflippersisespeciallyimportantinmaintainingheatinextremelycoldnorthernwaters.p4Theleaherbackturtleisabletomaintainbodyheatthroughsheersize.Leatherbackshaveaninsulatinglayerhatcanbeconsideredhereptilianversionofblubber.Youngleaherbacksoftendonotsurvivetoadulhoodbecauseheyarenotabletoswitchfromacold-bloodedwayoflifetoawarm-bloodedonequicklyenough.

題目呢？p4明明這么長??！所以必有陷阱?。。〉谒亩卧谔岬絪hapeofflippe時(shí)，根本沒有提到這個(gè)shape在保暖上有重要作用吧。e項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤原因：沒有注意用詞！原文：Leatherbacksdonothaveblubber,buttheydohaveareptilianequivalent。我在考慮e項(xiàng)時(shí)，肯定記著blubber了。但我沒注意到選項(xiàng)中說的是reptilianversonof參考答案○2,4,參考譯溫血海一只溫血海龜看起來似乎是一個(gè)的術(shù)語。盡管如此，一只成年棱皮龜在只有8攝氏度的海水中可以維持體溫在6攝氏度之間。要完成這一過程，棱皮龜即需要調(diào)節(jié)它所產(chǎn)生的體溫，又要防止它的溫度散失到周圍的水域中。棱皮龜產(chǎn)生內(nèi)部熱量顯然不用像我們，鳥類一樣，而是其細(xì)胞新陳代謝的副產(chǎn)品。一只棱皮龜也以通過曬來收集身體所需的熱量。其深色近乎黑色的體色幫助其吸收光的輻射。然而，棱皮龜用三種方法保存他們的熱量。熱量保持的最簡單第一種—?jiǎng)游矬w積的大小。動(dòng)物越大，表面和體積的比率越小。對于體重的每一盎司來海龜?shù)膬杀?，因此它需要較長的時(shí)間來降溫。完全靠體積維持體溫的方法叫igantotherrny。大象鯨魚也許包括很多恐龍也是通過這種方法來保持體溫的。對其它海龜而言，在一定程度上也是存在著這種現(xiàn)象。大龜和綠海龜可以維持它們的體溫與周圍水溫一樣，或者高于它們周圍的水oy6然而，棱皮龜不能通過ty來維持其在寒冷的北部水域所需要的所有溫度。同樣，對于通過厚厚的絕緣脂來維持體溫的鯨魚來說也是的體。解決辦是在身其余部分熱量還有消散前允許鰭在逆流交換循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中，血管將冷卻的血液從鰭部帶來與血管從身體它處帶來的溫?zé)岬难哼M(jìn)行交換。因此在到達(dá)鰭部前，熱量通過流進(jìn)的血液和流出的血液完成了熱量轉(zhuǎn)移。在老式蒸汽式暖氣片上有著相同的布置。當(dāng)水通過這些盤繞的管子時(shí)熱量進(jìn)行了交換。棱皮龜并不是唯一一個(gè)擁有這種功能的動(dòng)物。海鷗在腿部有一個(gè)逆流交換循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。這就是要到多大或者大尺寸能從一個(gè)血?jiǎng)游镆粋€(gè)溫血物轉(zhuǎn)Paragraph1supportswhichofhefollowingstatementsaboutmassTheytakeplaceoveraperiodof70millionTheybeganduringheCretaceousTheyeliminatemanyanimalspeciesthatexistatthetimetheyTheyoccurevery250millionAccordingtoparagraph2,scientistsbasetheirbeliefthatamassextinctionisgoingonatpresentonwhichofthefollowing?Thespeedwithwhichmassextinctionsarehappeningtodayissimilartothespeedofpastextinctions.Thenumberofspeciesthathavediedoutsincethelastextinctioneventisextremelylarge而且原文說的是happeningtoday??！MassextinctionsoccurwithregularityanditistimeforanotherFossilrecordsofmanymarinespecieshave細(xì)節(jié)題ebThewordextendedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoAccordingtoparagraph3,eachofhefollowinghasbeenproposedasapossiblecauseofmassextincionsEXCEPThabitatfierceinterspeciescompetichangesinEarh'sParagraph3supportswhichofhefollowingideasaboutmassextincScientistsknowtheexactcausesofmostmassextincMassextinctionsareunlikelytohappenagaininheInsects,floweringplants,andbottom-feedingpredatorsintheoceanstendtobehefirstorganismstodisappearduringepisodesofmassextincions.Somemassexinctionsoccurredonlandandinheseasatthesameime.cWhichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessenialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessenialinformation.Basedonheirstudiesofexinctionratesofnumerousfossilgroups,paleontologistsDavidRaupandJohnSepkoskihavedeterminedthatmassextincionsoccuraboutevery26millionyears.DavidRaupandJohnSepkoskistudiedextinctionratesofnumerousfossilgroupsandsuggesthatmassextinctionsduringheCretaceousperiodconinuedfor26millionyears.StudieshatpaleontologistsDavidRaupandJohn

MassCasesinwhichmanyspecies eexinctwihinageologicallyshortintervaloftimearecalledmassexincions.TherewasonesucheventatheendoftheCretaceousperiod(around70millionyearsago).Therewasanother,evenlarger,massextinctionattheendofhePermianperiod(around250millionyearsago).ThePermianeventhasattractedmuchlessattentionthanothermassextinctionsbecausemoslyunfamiliarspeciesperishedathattime.第一段：提出ME概念+提出兩個(gè)METhefossilrecordshowsatleastfivemassextincionsinwhichmanyfamiliesofmarineorganismsdiedout.Theratesofextinctionhappeningtodayareasgreatastheratesduringthesemassextinctions.Manyscienistshavetherefore（考點(diǎn)）concludedthatasixthgreatmassexinctioniscurrenlyin第二段：通過對比，提出第六次ME的正在發(fā)生Whatcouldcausesuchhighratesofexinction?Thereareseveralhypotheses,includingwarmingorcoolingofEarth,changesinseasonalfluctuationsoroceancurrents,andchangingpositionsofthecontinents.Biologicalhypothesesincludeecologicalchangesbroughtaboutbytheevolutionofcooperationbetweeninsectsandfloweringplantsorofbottom-feedingpredatorsintheoceans.Someoftheproposedmechanismsrequiredaverybriefperiodduringwhichallextinctionssuddenlytookplace;ohermechanismswouldbemorelikelytohavetakenplacemoregradually,overanextendedperiod,oratdifferenttimesondifferentcontinentsSomehypohesesfadtoaccountforsimultaneousextinctionsonlandandintheseas.Eachmassextinctionmayhavehadadifferentcause.Evidencepointstohuningbyhumansandhabitatdestructionashelikelycausesforthecurrentmassextinction.第三段：AmericanpaleontologistsDavidRaupandJohnSepkoski,whohavestudiedextinctionratesinanumberoffossilgroups,suggestthatepisodesofincreasedextinctionhaverecurredperiodically,approximayevery26millionyearssincethemid-Cretaceousperiod.ThelateCretaceousextinctionofthedinosaursandammonoidswasjustoneofthemoredrasicinawholeseriesofsuchrecurrentexinctionepisodes.Thepossibilitythatmassextinctionsmayrecurperiodicallyhasgivenrisetosuchhypothesesashatofacompanionstarwithalong-periodorbitdeflectingotherbodiesfromtheirnormalorbits,makingsomeofthemfalltoEarthasmeteorsandcausingwidespreaddevastaionuponimpact.第四段：提出me的周期性+初步提出行星撞擊的假說OfthevarioushypohesesattempingtoaccountforhelateCretaceousexincions,theonehathasattractedthemostattentioninrecentyearsisheasteroid-impacthypohesisfirstsuggestedbyLuisandWalterAlvarez.Accordingtoconductedofvariousfossilgroupshaverevealedthatextincionrateshaveincreasedoverthepast26millionyears.ThestudiesconductedbypaleontologistsDavidRaupandJohnSepkoskiofthefossilremainsofspeciessuggestthattheextinctionrateofspeciesstartedtoincreasebyhemiddleofheCretaceousAccordingtoparagraph4,whataspectofextinctionepisodesdoesthecompanion-starhypohesissupposedlyclarify?TheirTheirTheirduraTheir

hypothesis,Earthcollidedwithanasteroidwihanestimateddiameterof10kilometers,orwihseveralasteroids,thecombinedmassofwhichwascomparable.Theforceofcollisionspewedlargeamountsofdebrisintotheatmosphere,darkeningheskiesforseveralyearsbeforethefinerparticlessetled.Thereducedlevelofphotosynthesisledtoamassivedeclineinplantlifeofallkinds,andthiscausedmassivestarvationfirstofherbivoresandsubsequentlyofcarnivores.Themassextinctionwouldhaveoccurredverysuddenlyunderthishypothesis.第五段：具體提出行星撞擊的假說+其產(chǎn)生的效

ThephraseaccountforinthepassageisclosestinmeaningAccordingtoparagraph6,whatmadeiridiumausefultestoftheAlvarezItsoccurrenceinafewlocationsonEarthagainstseverallocaionsonotherplanetsItsoccurrenceinlimitedtiesonEarthagainstitsabundanceinasteroidsItsabilitytoremainsolidatextremelyhighItseaseofdetectioneveninverysmall直接對應(yīng)Instatingthatnoasteroiditselfhaseverbeenrecoveredheauthoremphasizeswhichofhefollowing?TheimportanceoftheindirectevidenceforalargeThefactthatnoevidencesupportsheasteroid-impacthypoTheresponsibilityofscienistsfornotmakingheefforttodiscoverheasteroiditselfThewordintenseinthepassageisclosestinmeaning

OneinterestingtestofheAlvarezhypohesisisbasedonthepresenceofherare-earthelementiridium(Ir).Earth'scrustcontainsverylittleofhiselementbu（考點(diǎn)）mostcontainalotmore.Debrishrownintoheatmospherebyanasteroidcollisionwouldpresumablycontainlargeamountsofiridiumandatmosphericcurrentswouldcarryhismaterialallovertheglobe.AsearchofsedimentarydepositsthatspantheboundarybetweentheCretaceousandTertiaryperiodsshowsthatthereisadramaticincreaseintheabundanceofiridiumbrieflyandpreciselyatthisboundaryThisiridiumanomalybu（考點(diǎn)）most第六段：通過ir來證明行星撞擊的假說Anasteroidofthissizewouldbeexpectedtoleaveanimmensecrater,eveniftheasteroiditselfwasdisintegratedbytheimpact.Theintenseheatoftheimpactwouldproducehea-shockedquartzinmanytypesofrock.Also,largeblockshrownasidebytheimpactwouldformsecondarycraterssurroundingthemaincrater.Todate,severalsuchsecondarycratershavebeenfoundalongMexico'sYucatanPeninsula,andhea-shockedquartzhasbeenfoundbothinMexicoandinHaii.AlocaioncalledChicxulub,alongheYucatancoast,hasbeensuggestedasheprimaryimpactsite.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph7intheItproposesadecisivenewtestofheAlvarezItpresentsadditionalsupportingevidencefortheAlvarezItexplainswhyevidencerelatingtotheAlvarezhypothesisishardtofind.ItshowshowrecentevidencehasraiseddoubtsabouttheAlvarezhypohesisParagraph1:█Casesinwhichmanyspecies eextinctwithinageologicallyshortintervaloftimearecalledmassextinctions.█TherewasonesucheventattheendoftheCretaceousperiod(around70millionyearsago).█Therewasanother,evenlarger,massextinctionattheendofthePermianperiod(around250millionyearsago).█ThePermianeventhasattractedmuchlessattenionthanothermassextincionsbecausemostlyunfamiliarspeciesperishedatthatime.Lookatthefoursquares[█]hatindicatewherehefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtohepassage.Ingeneral,itisbelievedthatthesetwoextinctionsresulteddrasticenvironmentalchangesthatfollowedmeteoriteimpactsormassivevolcaniceruptions.WherewouldthesentencebestDirections:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecauseheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinhepassage.Thisquesionisworh2points.Therehavebeenmanyattemptstoexplainthecausesofmassextincions.1212AnswerAsteroidimpacts,evoluionarydevelopments,andchangesinEarth'sclimateandinheposiionsofhecontinentshaveallbeenproposedaspossiblecausesofmassextincions.Researchershaveobserved26-million-yearcyclesinextinctionratesofanumberoffossilgroupshatcouldallbeattributedtothesamecause.AccordingtoheAlvarezhypothesis,muchoftheiridiumoriginallypresentonEarthwasthrownintotheatmosphereasaresultofanasteroidimpactthatalsocausedamassextinction.TheunusualdistributionofiridiumonEarthandthepresenceofcratersandhea-shockedquartzarecentraltothetheorythatanasteroidimpactcausedthelateCretaceousevent.ThecollisionbetweenEarthandalargeasteroidresultedinmassivedamageandgeneratedenoughheattocauseirreversiblechangesin

Earth'satmosphere.Therewasaparticularlylargemassexinctionhatoccurredaround250millionyearsagoattheendofhePermianperiodwhosecausecouldnotbedetermined.太細(xì)節(jié)。參考答案○1,2,參考譯大規(guī)模物在短短的地質(zhì)時(shí)間間隔內(nèi)有許大量物種，這些現(xiàn)象就被稱為大規(guī)模物種。在白堊紀(jì)時(shí)期后期（大約七千萬年前）曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過一次大規(guī)模物種。在二疊紀(jì)時(shí)期后期（大約兩億五千萬年前）又發(fā)生過一次規(guī)模更大的大規(guī)模物種。由于當(dāng)時(shí)的物種大部分是人們不熟悉的，人們對二疊紀(jì)時(shí)期的這次大規(guī)模物種的關(guān)注遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如其他幾次規(guī)模物種。石記錄示，至少生過五大規(guī)模物種，成了大批洋生種如今物種的機(jī)和以往那次大規(guī)物種 期的一樣高因此許多學(xué)家得結(jié)論：第次大規(guī)物種 將到什么導(dǎo)了如此高物種率呢？有種假說包括：地變暖冷；季的變動(dòng)或流的變；大陸位移動(dòng)。物假說包：由與開花物之間合式進(jìn)化海洋底層食動(dòng)物化引起的態(tài)變；這些物機(jī)制，些在極的時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)而有些則有可過長時(shí)在不同時(shí)或不同陸緩慢地行的。些假說傾于解陸地和洋同時(shí)發(fā)的物種?？赡艽未笠?guī)物種有不原因。是 ，人類獵以及人對棲息地破壞很能是大規(guī)模種 的因。古生物學(xué)家DavidRaup和JohnSepkoski曾經(jīng)在大量的化石群里面研究了物種的機(jī)率。他們，自從白堊紀(jì)時(shí)期中期以來，物種滅龍和菊石（一種已的動(dòng)物）的 是由Luis和WaltrAlvrez最先小行星撞擊假說。根據(jù)這個(gè)假會(huì)造成規(guī)模的草動(dòng)物，接著就大規(guī)模食動(dòng)物。按照Aaez假說的一個(gè)有趣的檢驗(yàn)是基于稀土元素銥的存在。這種元素在殼中的含量很少，但是在大多數(shù)小行星中的含量卻多得多。小行星碰撞所放射到大氣中的碎片可能會(huì) 的銥元素，并且大氣流會(huì)把這些物質(zhì)帶到全球各地。一個(gè)關(guān)于 白堊紀(jì)時(shí)期與第三紀(jì)時(shí)期的沉積物的搜索顯示：在這兩個(gè)時(shí)期的交接時(shí)期，銥元素的含量急劇增加。即使從發(fā)現(xiàn)過擊的小行，銥元異常卻為Aae假說提供了有力支持。為止，們已經(jīng)在西哥尤坦附找到了些此類次隕石xThewordinterlockedinthepassageisclosestinmeaning

Glaciersareslowlymovingmassesoficehathaveaccumulatedonlandinareaswheremoresnowfallsduringayearthanmelts.Snowfallsashexagonalcrystals,butonceontheground,snowissoon intoacompactedmassofsmaller,Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTdescribeastageinhedevelopmentoffirn?Hexagonal elargerandinterlocktoformahickSnow ecompactedintoGranulesrecrystallizeaftermelting,refreezing,andfurthercompaction. edenserowingtoreducedairspacearoundThewordmatchinhepassageisclosestinmeaningThewordtransforminthepassageisclosestinmeaningAccordingtoparagraph2,surplussnowaffectsaglacierinallhefollowingwaysEXCEPT:ItprovidesthepressureneededtocauseglacialicetoItoffsetslossesoficeduetomelting,evaporaion,andItbringsabouttheformaionoffirninthesnowitItresultsintemperateglaciersthatarethickerhanpolarParagraph2impliesthatwhichofhefollowingcondiionsproduceshefastestmovingglaciers?AclimatecharacterisicofthepolarAthicklayeroficeinatemperateSnow,firmandicethathavebeenburiedforseveral細(xì)節(jié)題sms其次，最主要的還是temperate。它的意思是溫帶的，與polar對應(yīng)明顯是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)更易排除。--TheworddeceivinginthepassageisclosestinmeaningWhydoestheauhorconsiderthehypoheticalmelingofheworld'sTocontrasttheeffectsofthiseventwihtheoppositeeffectsofanewiceageToemphasizehowmuchwaterisfrozeninToillustratethedisastrouseffectsofawarmingTosupportheclaimhatglaciersarepartofEarth'shydrologicThediscussioninparagraph3answersallthefollowingquesionsWhereismostofEarh'sWhateffectwouldanewiceagehaveonseaWhatishetotalamountofwaterinEarth'sHowmuchofEarth'swaterisin此題又是絕對和ThewordstaticinhepassageisclosestinmeaningWhichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformaioninthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangehemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformaion.Asaglaciermoves,itleavesbehindrockformationsthathavebeenengulfed,pushed,anddraggedbyheglacier.Glaciersreshapethelandscapebycarvingintorockandtransporingtheresulingdebristodistantlocations.GlacierscarvehehardestrockformaionswithgreatandslowlyreshapethemintoThetremendousenergyofslowlymovingglacierstransportsandfinallydepositsrockdebrisintolargerockformations.

grains.Astheairspacearoundhemislessenedbycompactionandmelting,thegrains edenserWithfurhermeling,refreezing,andincreasedweightfromnewersnowfallabove,hesnowreachesagranularrecrystallizedstageintermediatebetweenflakesandiceknownasfirn.Withadditionaltime,pressure,andrefrozenmeltwaterfromabove,thesmallfirn elarger,interlockedcrystalsofblueglacialice.Whenheiceishickenough,usuallyover30meters,heweightofhesnowandfirnwillcausetheicecrystalstowardhebottom eplasticandtoflowoutwardordownwardfromtheareaofsnowaccumulation.第一段：glacier的形成原Glaciersareopensystemswihsnowasthesystem'sinputandmeltwaterashesystem’smainoutput.Theglacialsystemisernedbytwobasicclimaticvariables:precipitaionandtemperature.Foraglaciertogrowormaintainitsmass,heremustbesufficientsnowfalltomatchorexceedtheannuallossthroughmelting,evaporation,andcalving,whichoccurswhentheglacierlosessolidchunksasicebergstotheseaortolargelakesIfsummertemperaturesarehighfortoolongthenallhesnowfallfromthepreviouswinterwillmelt.Surplussnowfallisessentialforaglaciertodevelop.Asurplusallowssnowtoaccumulateandforhepressureofsnowaccumulatedovertheyearstotransformburiedsnowintoglacialicewihadepthgreatenoughfortheicetoflow.Glaciersaresomeimesclassifiedbytemperatureasfaster-flowingtemperate（溫帶的）glaciersorasslower-flowingpolar（極地的）glaciers.第二段：冰川的GlaciersarepartofEarth'shydrologiccycleandaresecondonlytoheoceansinthetotalamountofwatercontained.About2percentofEarth'swateriscurrentlyfrozenasiceTwopercentmaybeadeceivingfigure,however（考點(diǎn)）,sinceover80percentoftheworld'sfreshwaterislockedupasiceinglaciers,wihthemajorityofitinAntarctica.Thetotalamountoficeisevenmoreawesomeifweestimatehewaterreleaseduponthehypotheticalmeltingoftheworld'sglaciersSealevelwouldriseabout60meters.Thiswouldchangethegeographyoftheplanetconsiderably.Incontrast,shouldanothericeageoccur,sealevelwoulddropdrastically.Duringthelasticeagesealeveldroppedabout120meters.第三段：冰川的含水量巨大+假設(shè)驗(yàn)證Whensnowfallsonhighmountainsorinpolarregions,itmayepartoftheglacialsystem.Unlikerain,whichreturnsrapidlytotheseaoratmosphere,hesnowthat espartofaglacierisinvolvedinamuchmoreslowlycyclingsystem.Herewatermaybestorediniceformforhundredsorevenhundredsofhousandsofyearsbeforebeingreleasedagainintoheliquidwatersystemasmeltwater.Intheme,however,thisiceisnotstatic.Glaciersmoveslowlyacrossthelandwithtremendousenergy,carvingintoeventhehardestrockformationsandtherebyresha thelandscapeastheyengulf,push,drag,andfinallydepositrockdebrisinplacesfarfromitsoriginallocation.Asaresult,glacierscreateagreatvarietyoflandformsthatremainlongafterhesurfaceisreleasedfromitsicycovering.第四段：冰中水循環(huán)的慢+這個(gè)循環(huán)的力量巨大根根 定位。然后再關(guān)鍵句中仔細(xì)品味仍舊是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)更易辨別Accordingtoparagraph5,inwhatwayishepresenttimeunusualinthehistoryofEarth?Threrelacirs.直接根據(jù)present定位到原句。然后不要多想的出Morelandiscoveredbyglaciersthanatanytimeinthepast比較的Thereisnoiceage反

ThroughoutmostofEarh'shistory,glaciersdidnotbu（考點(diǎn)）atthepresenttmeabout10percentofEr'slandsrfaceiscoveredbyglacirs.Present-daylacirsrefoundinAntrcica,inGreenland,andatighelevaionsonllhecontinentsexceptAustria.ntherecentpast,romabout2.4miliontoabout10,000yearsago,nearlyardofErt'slandreawaspriodcalycoveredbyicethousandsofmetrsthck.Inhemuchmredistantpast,othrceageshaveoccrred.第六段：從前mostime，沒有冰川。只是少數(shù)時(shí)間有。現(xiàn)在卻有NoglaciersarefoundinParagraph1:Glaciersareslowlymovingmassesoficethathaveaccumulatedonlandinareaswheremoresnowfallsduringayearthanmelts.Snowfallsashexagonalcrystals,butonceontheground,snowissoontransformedintoacompactedmassofsmaller,roundedAstheairspacearoundthemislessenedbycompactionandmelting,hegrains edenser.■Withfurthermelting,refreezing,andincreasedweightfromnewersnowfallabove,thesnowreachesagranularrecrystallizedstageintermediatebetweenflakesandiceknownasfirn.■Withaddiionalime,pressure,andrefrozenmeltwat