GraduationThesisWriting教學(xué)講解課件

GRADUATIONTHESISWRITINGLECTUREONEIntroductiontothiscourse,thescheduleandissuesofplagiarismandcitation

ByLiLihua...GRADUATIONTHESISWRITINGLECTU1Objectivesofthiscourse1）總結(jié)，運用和提高學(xué)生各方面的專業(yè)知識和技能。2）促進對專業(yè)知識，特別是對某一課題認(rèn)識的深化。3）培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生的思維能力，特別是邏輯思維能力。4）提高學(xué)生的英語寫作水平。5）培養(yǎng)學(xué)生初步的科研能力。...Objectivesofthiscourse1）總結(jié)，2Grading

ofthiscourseAttendance:10%Assignment:90%YouneedtohandinaresearchproposalbyNov.13,i.e.oneweekafterthelastlectureisfinished....GradingofthiscourseAttenda3Scheduleofthiscourse發(fā)言人講座時間講座內(nèi)容李莉華9月11日課程介紹張曦9月18日翻譯研究張繼東9月25日語言學(xué)顧韶陽10月9日文學(xué)研究周靜10月16日文學(xué)研究李晶潔10月23日語料庫語言學(xué)楊林貴10月30日文化研究楊林貴11月6日文學(xué)研究及文獻格式...Scheduleofthiscourse發(fā)言人講座時間4SCHEDULEoftheproject1、與導(dǎo)師見面會：11月初2、開題報告：12月初3、交論文初稿：通常在春節(jié)過后，也即2013年2月下旬4、中期檢查：3月下旬5、交論文終稿：5月初6、論文答辯：5月底...SCHEDULEoftheproject1、與導(dǎo)師見面5Howtowritearesearchproposal?Basiccomponents:1.背景介紹2.國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀3.課題研究內(nèi)容4.研究方法5.論文提綱6.參考文獻...Howtowritearesearchpropos6AvoidingplagiarismWhatisplagiarism?...AvoidingplagiarismWhatispl7AvoidingplagiarismWhatisplagiarism?Plagiarismispassingoffsomeoneelse’sworkasourown,whetherwedothisdeliberatelyornot.Whenwritersuseinformation(ordataortablesorfiguresorgraphics)fromotherwriters,wemustacknowledgethesource.Whenweimplythatwehave“paraphrased”asource,theparaphrasemustbeadequate....AvoidingplagiarismWhatispl8Isthisplagiarism?Youreadsomeinformationaboutatopicfromabook.Youfindituseful.Youparaphrasewhattheoriginalauthorsaid,butyoudonotprovideareference,sincethewordsareallyourown....Isthisplagiarism?Youreadso9Isthisplagiarism?Youreadsomeinformationaboutatopicfromabook.Youfindituseful.Youparaphrasewhattheoriginalauthorsaid,butyoudonotprovideareference,sincethewordsareallyourown.YES...Isthisplagiarism?You10Isthisplagiarism?Youreadsomeinformationaboutatopicfromabook.Youfindituseful.Youparaphrasewhattheoriginalauthorsaid,butyoudonotprovideareference,sincethewordsareallyourown.“Changingthewordsofanoriginalsourceisnotsufficienttopreventplagiarism.Ifyouhaveretainedtheessentialideaofanoriginalsource,andhavenotcitedit,thennomatterhowdrasticallyyoumayhavealtereditscontextorpresentation,youhavestillplagiarized.”/learning_center/what_is_plagiarism.htmlYES...Isthisplagiarism?You11Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromChandrasegaran&Schaetzel(23):Knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.Knowledgeaboutcognitionincludesknowledgeabouttheconditionsmostconducivetoone’sownlearningandthestrategiesthatbestpromotelearninginoneself.Studenttext:AccordingtoChandrasegaranandSchaetzel,knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting....Isthisplagiarism?Originalte12Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromChandrasegaran&Schaetzel(23):Knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.Knowledgeaboutcognitionincludesknowledgeabouttheconditionsmostconducivetoone’sownlearningandthestrategiesthatbestpromotelearninginoneself.Studenttext:AccordingtoChandrasegaranandSchaetzel,knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.YES...Isthisplagiarism?Origi13Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromChandrasegaran&Schaetzel(23):Knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.Knowledgeaboutcognitionincludesknowledgeabouttheconditionsmostconducivetoone’sownlearningandthestrategiesthatbestpromotelearninginoneself.Studenttext:AccordingtoChandrasegaranandSchaetzel,knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.YES...Isthisplagiarism?Origi14

IntellectualpropertyBothneedtobeproperlyacknowledged.theideas

the

form(i.e.theactualwords,diagramsetc.used)...Intellectualpro15Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromChandrasegaran&Schaetzel(23):Knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.Knowledgeaboutcognitionincludesknowledgeabouttheconditionsmostconducivetoone’sownlearningandthestrategiesthatbestpromotelearninginoneself.Studenttext:AccordingtoChandrasegaranandSchaetzelknowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.ThisacknowledgesborrowingoftheIDEA,butnottheFORM.YES...Isthisplagiarism?Origi16Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromChandrasegaran&Schaetzel(23):Knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.Knowledgeaboutcognitionincludesknowledgeabouttheconditionsmostconducivetoone’sownlearningandthestrategiesthatbestpromotelearninginoneself.Studenttext:AccordingtoChandrasegaranandSchaetzel,knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.InordertoacknowledgeborrowingoftheFORM,weneedtoputtheborrowedportioninquotationmarks,andgiveapagereference.YES...Isthisplagiarism?Origi17Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromChandrasegaran&Schaetzel(23):Knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.Knowledgeaboutcognitionincludesknowledgeabouttheconditionsmostconducivetoone’sownlearningandthestrategiesthatbestpromotelearninginoneself.Studenttext:AccordingtoChandrasegaranandSchaetzel,“knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting”(23).InordertoacknowledgeborrowingoftheFORM,weneedtoputtheborrowedportioninquotationmarks,andgiveapagereference.YES...Isthisplagiarism?Origi18Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromHyland(320):Processapproacheshavehadamajorimpactonthewayswritingisbothunderstoodandtaught,transformingnarrowly-conceivedproductmodelsandraisingawarenessofhowcomplexwritingactuallyis.Studenttext:AccordingtoHyland(320),processapproacheshavehadamajorinfluenceonhowwritingisunderstoodandtaught.Theyhavecompletelychangedproductmodelswhichwerenarrowlyconceived,andraisedpeople’sawarenessofhowcomplexthewritingprocessis....Isthisplagiarism?Origin19Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromHyland(320):Processapproacheshavehadamajorimpactonthewayswritingisbothunderstoodandtaught,transformingnarrowly-conceivedproductmodelsandraisingawarenessofhowcomplexwritingactuallyis.Studenttext:AccordingtoHyland(320),processapproacheshavehadamajorinfluenceonhowwritingisunderstoodandtaught.Theyhavecompletelychangedproductmodelswhichwerenarrowlyconceived,andraisedpeople’sawarenessofhowcomplexthewritingprocessis.YES,ifwearebeingstrict....Isthisplagiarism?Origin20Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromHyland(320):Processapproacheshavehadamajorimpactonthewayswritingisbothunderstoodandtaught,transformingnarrowly-conceivedproductmodelsandraisingawarenessofhowcomplexwritingactuallyis.Studenttext:AccordingtoHyland(320),processapproacheshavehadamajorinfluenceonhowwritingisunderstoodandtaught.Theyhavecompletelychangedproductmodelswhichwerenarrowlyconceived,andraisedpeople’sawarenessofhowcomplexthewritingprocessis.YES,ifwearebeingstrict....Isthisplagiarism?Origin21CitationWhycite?Toquoteortoparaphrase?Howtocite?TheuseofreportingverbsTenseusedincitation...CitationWhycite?Toquoteor22Basically,weonlyhaveroughguidelines,not“rules”,toguideusinourselectionoftenses.Therearethreemaintenseoptions:1.Pasttense-Harrisarguedthat…2.Presentperfective-Harrishasarguedthat…3.Presenttense-Harrisarguesthat…Inmanycases,morethanoneoftheseoptionsispossible.Tenseusedincitation...Basically,weonlyhaverough23AccordingtoSwalesandFeak(235),thereisresearchwhichshowsthatatleasttwo-thirdsofallcitingstatementsfallintooneofthesethreemajorpatterns:I.Past–researcheractivityasagentJones(146)investigatedthecausesofilliteracy.ThecausesofilliteracywereinvestigatedbyJones(146).Tenseusedincitation...AccordingtoSwalesandFeak(24AccordingtoSwalesandFeak(235),thereisresearchwhichshowsthat“atleasttwo-thirdsofallcitingstatementsfallintooneofthesethreemajorpatterns:I.Past–researcheractivityasagentII.Presentperfect–researcheractivitynotasagentThecausesofilliteracyhavebeenwidelyinvestigated(Jones196;Ferrara83;Hyon29).Tenseusedincitation...AccordingtoSwalesandFeak(25AccordingtoSwalesandFeak(235),thereisresearchwhichshowsthat“atleasttwo-thirdsofallcitingstatementsfallintooneofthesethreemajorpatterns:I.Past–researcheractivityasagentII.Presentperfect–researcheractivitynotasagentIII.Present–noreferencetoresearcheractivityThecausesofilliteracyarecomplex(Jones196;Ferrara83;Hyon29).”Tenseusedincitation...AccordingtoSwalesandFeak(26AccordingtoSwalesandFeak(235),thereisresearchwhichshowsthat“atleasttwo-thirdsofallcitingstatementsfallintooneofthesethreemajorpatterns:oftenreferstosinglestudiesI.Past–researcheractivityasagentII.Presentperfect–researcheractivitynotasagentIII.Present–noreferencetoresearcheractivityTenseusedincitationOftenreferstoareasofinquiryoftenreferstostateofcurrentknowledge...AccordingtoSwalesandFeak(27Harrisarguedthat…Harrishasarguedthat…Harrisarguesthat…

“Ingeneral,movesfrompasttopresentperfectandthentopresentindicatethattheresearchreportedisincreasinglyclosetothewriterinsomeway:closetothewriter’sownopinion,orclosetothewriter’sownresearch,orclosetothecurrentstateofknowledge”(Swales&Feak255).Tenseusedincitation...Harrisarguedthat…Tenseuse28Harrisarguedthat…Harrishasarguedthat…Harrisarguesthat…TenseusedincitationPasttenseissometimesusedtoclaimnon-generalityaboutpastliterature.e.g.ifaparticularargumentwasspecifictojustoneparticularstudy.Presentandpresentperfectivearesometimesusedtoclaimgeneralityaboutpastliterature....Harrisarguedthat…Tense29Harrisarguedthat…Harrishasarguedthat…Harrisarguesthat…Tenseusedincitation“Pasttenseisusedwhenitrefersto…resultsofpastliteraturethatarenon-supportiveofsomeaspectsoftheworkdescribed[inthecurrentwork]”(Oster77)Presentandpresentperfectiveareoftenusedwhenresultsaresupportiveofthecurrentwork....Harrisarguedthat…Tense30Dragga(qtd.inDaiker),forinstance,analysed40studentessaysandfoundthat94%ofcommentsfocusedonwhatstudentshaddonepoorlyorincorrectly.…TaylorandHoedt(121),forexample,failedtofindanydifferenceinthequalityofwritingproducedbystudentsreceivingeitherpositiveornegativefeedback,althoughtheydidshowthatnegativefeedbackhadadetrimentaleffectonwriterconfidenceandmotivation.Gee(74)alsoreportednosignificantdifferencesinqualityofwriting,butmorepositiveattitudesfromthosewhosewritinghadbeenpraised.Oneproblemwiththesestudiesisthatpraiseandcriticismwerecontextuallydisembodied…Tenseusedincitation...Dragga(qtd.inDaiker),fori31Dragga(qtd.inDaiker),forinstance,analysed

40studentessaysandfoundthat94%ofcommentsfocusedonwhatstudentshaddonepoorlyorincorrectly.…TaylorandHoedt(121),forexample,failed

tofindanydifferenceinthequalityofwritingproducedbystudentsreceivingeitherpositiveornegativefeedback,althoughtheydidshowthatnegativefeedbackhadadetrimentaleffectonwriterconfidenceandmotivation.Gee(74)alsoreportednosignificantdifferencesinqualityofwriting,butmorepositiveattitudesfromthosewhosewritinghadbeenpraised.Oneproblemwiththesestudiesisthatpraiseandcriticismwerecontextuallydisembodied…Coulditbethatthepasttensewasusedinthepreviousparagraphasadistancingdevice?Tenseusedincitation...Dragga(qtd.inDaiker),fori32Harrisarguedthat…Harrishasarguedthat…Harrisarguesthat…Pasttenseisusedtosituateapieceofworkinahistoricalcontext.Certainly,itwouldbeusedifweweregivingachronologicalreviewofpastliterature.e.g.Inthelate1990s,Harrisargued…Tenseusedincitation...Harrisarguedthat…Tenseuse33Harrisarguedthat…Harrishasarguedthat…Harrisarguesthat…Tenseusedincitation“Thepresenttensepositionsthewriterasbeingengagedinacurrent“dialogue”withotherresearchersinthefield.Itpositionsthewriterasoccupyingthesame“space”asotherresearchersinthediscipline.Becauseofthis,itiseasierandmorenaturaltofindthepresenttensebeingusedwithdiscourseactreportingverbsthanwithpureresearchactreportingverbs.Butwhyispresenttensesowidelyusedifallthisworkwasdoneinthepast?...Harrisarguedthat…Tens34Harrisarguesthat…discourseactsHarrisstatesthat…Harrisconcludesthat…Harrissuggeststhat…Harrisdiscusses…Harrisreportson…Harrisinvestigates… researchactsHarrisdiscovers…Harriscalculates…Harrisconstructsatheoryof…Harrisdesignsamodelfor…Tenseusedincitation√？...Harrisarguesthat…35/owl/resource/560/01/Howtocite...Howtocite...36Intextcitation–integralcitationQuotationwithnameincorporatedintosentence:AccordingtoChandrasegaranandSchaetzel,“knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting”(23).Note:lastnameonlyNotethepositionofthefullstop...Intextcitation–integralci37Intextcitation–integralcitationParaphrasewithnameincorporatedintosentence:BothOhta(26)andScollon(89)suggestthattheuseoffirstpersonpronounsislargelyunacceptableinthetraditionsofAsianculturesbecauseofitsassociationwithindividualratherthancollectiveidentity.Note:eventhoughthereisnoexactquote,pagenumbersarestillpresent...Intextcitation–integralci38Intextcitation–integralcitationTechniquesforparaphrasing:ChangingvocabularybyusingsynonymsE.g.Thegrowthofthecarindustryparallelsthedevelopmentofmoderncapitalism.Theriseoftheautomobileindustrymatchestheprogressofcontemporarycapitalism.ChangingwordclassE.g.Inthe1920s,AlfredSloan’smanagementtheorieshelpedGeneralMotorstobecometheworld’sdominantcarcompany.Inthe1920s,withhelpfromthemanagerialtheoriesofAlfredSloan,GeneralMotorsdominatedtheworld’scarcompanies.ChangingwordorderE.g.Atthesametime,tradeunionsbecameincreasinglymilitantindefenseofthemembers’jobs.Atthesametime,increasinglymilitanttradeunionsdefendedtheirmembers’jobs....Intextcitation–integralci39Intextcitation–integralcitationQuotationandparaphrasewithnameincorporatedintosentence:ScollonandOhtasuggestthatacademicwriting“isasmuchtheconstructionofanauthorialselfasthepresentationoffact”(34),andthatthisnotionofarational,uniquelyindividualwriterisaproductofaculturallyspecificideology.Noteuseoffullword“and”whenthecitationisintegral.Pagenumbersarerequiredwhetheritisdirectquoteornot....Intextcitation–integralci40Intextcitation–integralcitationReferencewithnameinparenthesis:…theviewthatculturaldifferencescanleadwriterstoemploydifferentrhetoricalandpragmaticdiscoursepracticesisnowwidelyaccepted(e.g.Connor&Jacobs).Noteuseofampersand“&

”intheparenthesis....Intextcitation–integralci41Intextcitation–integralcitationQuotationwithname,andpageinparenthesis:

Studentshavetodevelopthe“peculiarwaysofknowing,selecting,evaluating,reporting,concludingandarguingthatdefinethediscourseofthecommunity”(Bartholomae4).

Notethatthefullstopcomes AFTERthereference....Intextcitation–integralci42GRADUATIONTHESISWRITINGLECTUREONEIntroductiontothiscourse,thescheduleandissuesofplagiarismandcitation

ByLiLihua...GRADUATIONTHESISWRITINGLECTU43Objectivesofthiscourse1）總結(jié)，運用和提高學(xué)生各方面的專業(yè)知識和技能。2）促進對專業(yè)知識，特別是對某一課題認(rèn)識的深化。3）培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生的思維能力，特別是邏輯思維能力。4）提高學(xué)生的英語寫作水平。5）培養(yǎng)學(xué)生初步的科研能力。...Objectivesofthiscourse1）總結(jié)，44Grading

ofthiscourseAttendance:10%Assignment:90%YouneedtohandinaresearchproposalbyNov.13,i.e.oneweekafterthelastlectureisfinished....GradingofthiscourseAttenda45Scheduleofthiscourse發(fā)言人講座時間講座內(nèi)容李莉華9月11日課程介紹張曦9月18日翻譯研究張繼東9月25日語言學(xué)顧韶陽10月9日文學(xué)研究周靜10月16日文學(xué)研究李晶潔10月23日語料庫語言學(xué)楊林貴10月30日文化研究楊林貴11月6日文學(xué)研究及文獻格式...Scheduleofthiscourse發(fā)言人講座時間46SCHEDULEoftheproject1、與導(dǎo)師見面會：11月初2、開題報告：12月初3、交論文初稿：通常在春節(jié)過后，也即2013年2月下旬4、中期檢查：3月下旬5、交論文終稿：5月初6、論文答辯：5月底...SCHEDULEoftheproject1、與導(dǎo)師見面47Howtowritearesearchproposal?Basiccomponents:1.背景介紹2.國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀3.課題研究內(nèi)容4.研究方法5.論文提綱6.參考文獻...Howtowritearesearchpropos48AvoidingplagiarismWhatisplagiarism?...AvoidingplagiarismWhatispl49AvoidingplagiarismWhatisplagiarism?Plagiarismispassingoffsomeoneelse’sworkasourown,whetherwedothisdeliberatelyornot.Whenwritersuseinformation(ordataortablesorfiguresorgraphics)fromotherwriters,wemustacknowledgethesource.Whenweimplythatwehave“paraphrased”asource,theparaphrasemustbeadequate....AvoidingplagiarismWhatispl50Isthisplagiarism?Youreadsomeinformationaboutatopicfromabook.Youfindituseful.Youparaphrasewhattheoriginalauthorsaid,butyoudonotprovideareference,sincethewordsareallyourown....Isthisplagiarism?Youreadso51Isthisplagiarism?Youreadsomeinformationaboutatopicfromabook.Youfindituseful.Youparaphrasewhattheoriginalauthorsaid,butyoudonotprovideareference,sincethewordsareallyourown.YES...Isthisplagiarism?You52Isthisplagiarism?Youreadsomeinformationaboutatopicfromabook.Youfindituseful.Youparaphrasewhattheoriginalauthorsaid,butyoudonotprovideareference,sincethewordsareallyourown.“Changingthewordsofanoriginalsourceisnotsufficienttopreventplagiarism.Ifyouhaveretainedtheessentialideaofanoriginalsource,andhavenotcitedit,thennomatterhowdrasticallyyoumayhavealtereditscontextorpresentation,youhavestillplagiarized.”/learning_center/what_is_plagiarism.htmlYES...Isthisplagiarism?You53Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromChandrasegaran&Schaetzel(23):Knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.Knowledgeaboutcognitionincludesknowledgeabouttheconditionsmostconducivetoone’sownlearningandthestrategiesthatbestpromotelearninginoneself.Studenttext:AccordingtoChandrasegaranandSchaetzel,knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting....Isthisplagiarism?Originalte54Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromChandrasegaran&Schaetzel(23):Knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.Knowledgeaboutcognitionincludesknowledgeabouttheconditionsmostconducivetoone’sownlearningandthestrategiesthatbestpromotelearninginoneself.Studenttext:AccordingtoChandrasegaranandSchaetzel,knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.YES...Isthisplagiarism?Origi55Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromChandrasegaran&Schaetzel(23):Knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.Knowledgeaboutcognitionincludesknowledgeabouttheconditionsmostconducivetoone’sownlearningandthestrategiesthatbestpromotelearninginoneself.Studenttext:AccordingtoChandrasegaranandSchaetzel,knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.YES...Isthisplagiarism?Origi56

IntellectualpropertyBothneedtobeproperlyacknowledged.theideas

the

form(i.e.theactualwords,diagramsetc.used)...Intellectualpro57Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromChandrasegaran&Schaetzel(23):Knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.Knowledgeaboutcognitionincludesknowledgeabouttheconditionsmostconducivetoone’sownlearningandthestrategiesthatbestpromotelearninginoneself.Studenttext:AccordingtoChandrasegaranandSchaetzelknowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.ThisacknowledgesborrowingoftheIDEA,butnottheFORM.YES...Isthisplagiarism?Origi58Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromChandrasegaran&Schaetzel(23):Knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.Knowledgeaboutcognitionincludesknowledgeabouttheconditionsmostconducivetoone’sownlearningandthestrategiesthatbestpromotelearninginoneself.Studenttext:AccordingtoChandrasegaranandSchaetzel,knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.InordertoacknowledgeborrowingoftheFORM,weneedtoputtheborrowedportioninquotationmarks,andgiveapagereference.YES...Isthisplagiarism?Origi59Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromChandrasegaran&Schaetzel(23):Knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting.Knowledgeaboutcognitionincludesknowledgeabouttheconditionsmostconducivetoone’sownlearningandthestrategiesthatbestpromotelearninginoneself.Studenttext:AccordingtoChandrasegaranandSchaetzel,“knowledgeaboutcognitionisawarenessofone’smentalprocessesduringproblemsolving,reading,andwriting”(23).InordertoacknowledgeborrowingoftheFORM,weneedtoputtheborrowedportioninquotationmarks,andgiveapagereference.YES...Isthisplagiarism?Origi60Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromHyland(320):Processapproacheshavehadamajorimpactonthewayswritingisbothunderstoodandtaught,transformingnarrowly-conceivedproductmodelsandraisingawarenessofhowcomplexwritingactuallyis.Studenttext:AccordingtoHyland(320),processapproacheshavehadamajorinfluenceonhowwritingisunderstoodandtaught.Theyhavecompletelychangedproductmodelswhichwerenarrowlyconceived,andraisedpeople’sawarenessofhowcomplexthewritingprocessis....Isthisplagiarism?Origin61Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromHyland(320):Processapproacheshavehadamajorimpactonthewayswritingisbothunderstoodandtaught,transformingnarrowly-conceivedproductmodelsandraisingawarenessofhowcomplexwritingactuallyis.Studenttext:AccordingtoHyland(320),processapproacheshavehadamajorinfluenceonhowwritingisunderstoodandtaught.Theyhavecompletelychangedproductmodelswhichwerenarrowlyconceived,andraisedpeople’sawarenessofhowcomplexthewritingprocessis.YES,ifwearebeingstrict....Isthisplagiarism?Origin62Isthisplagiarism?OriginaltextfromHyland(320):Processapproacheshavehadamajorimpactonthewayswritingisbothunderstoodandtaught,transformingnarrowly-conceivedproductmodelsandraisingawarenessofhowcomplexwritingactuallyis.Studenttext:AccordingtoHyland(320),processapproacheshavehadamajorinfluenceonhowwritingisunderstoodandtaught.Theyhavecompletelychangedproductmodelswhichwerenarrowlyconceived,andraisedpeople’sawarenessofhowcomplexthewritingprocessis.YES,ifwearebeingstrict....Isthisplagiarism?Origin63CitationWhycite?Toquoteortoparaphrase?Howtocite?TheuseofreportingverbsTenseusedincitation...CitationWhycite?Toquoteor64Basically,weonlyhaveroughguidelines,not“rules”,toguideusinourselectionoftenses.Therearethreemaintenseoptions:1.Pasttense-Harrisarguedthat…2.Presentperfective-Harrishasarguedthat…3.Presenttense-Harrisarguesthat…Inmanycases,morethanoneoftheseoptionsispossible.Tenseusedincitation...Basically,weonlyhaverough65AccordingtoSwalesandFeak(235),thereisresearchwhichshowsthatatleasttwo-thirdsofallcitingstatementsfallintooneofthesethreemajorpatterns:I.Past–researcheractivityasagentJones(146)investigatedthecausesofilliteracy.ThecausesofilliteracywereinvestigatedbyJones(146).Tenseusedincitation...AccordingtoSwalesandFeak(