一輪復(fù)習(xí)-名詞

中考一輪復(fù)習(xí)

名詞育英外校初三英語(yǔ)備課組oneortwotomatoestwopiecesofbreadthreeorfourpiecesofhamafewlettuce(生菜)leaves(單數(shù)是leaf)aneggalittlemaplesugarMakealistbeforecooking可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞somecookingoilandalittlesalt

類(lèi)別知識(shí)點(diǎn)能級(jí)要求識(shí)記理解應(yīng)用名詞1、可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)2、不可數(shù)名詞3、專(zhuān)有名詞4、名詞所有格

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√中考要求作主語(yǔ)

The

populationinChinaisverylarge.作表語(yǔ)

I’mnotachild

anylonger.作稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)

Boys,don’tmakesomuchnoise.作定語(yǔ)

FarmersgrowbananatreesinthesouthofChina.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

WecalltheboyMike.作直接賓語(yǔ)

Hisuncleboughthima

dictionary.作間接賓語(yǔ)

Hegavethe

boymuchmoney.作狀語(yǔ)

Iwatchedafootballmatchlastnight.作賓語(yǔ)

Iwashedmyclothesyesterday.名詞的句法功能名詞的分類(lèi)普通名詞專(zhuān)有名詞可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式)不可數(shù)名詞(量的表達(dá))名詞的詞義辨析相關(guān)的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換名詞所有格專(zhuān)有名詞a.表示人名、地名、節(jié)日名、一周七天、十二個(gè)月的專(zhuān)有名詞，須以大寫(xiě)的字母開(kāi)頭。例如：Lucy,Nanjing,WashingtonD.C.,Christmas,MayDay,Saturday,Tuesday,March,April,October…b.海洋、河流、山脈等專(zhuān)有名詞前加the。例如：

thePacific(Ocean),theSeineRiver,theAlps…c.由普通名詞變成的專(zhuān)有名詞前常加the。例如：theGreatWall,theUnitedStates…d.表示一家人的兩種方式：1.the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)2.the+姓氏+family

例如：TheGreensisabigfamily. TheBrownfamilyarehavingsuppernow.1)Nowmanypeopleusecellphonesinsteadof

(隨身聽(tīng))tolistentomusic.2)Therearetwo

(美國(guó)人)drinkingcoffeeinthebar.3)Manypeoplein

(西方國(guó)家)likeCoke.4)Theyusuallyhaveaholidayin

(香港).5)I’dliketolearntoswimevery

(周六).6)Manyyoungpeopleliketohaveagreattimeat

(圣誕節(jié)).7)Ireallyhopetojoin

(學(xué)生會(huì))。8)

(婦女節(jié))ison

.(三月八日)

theStudents’

UnionAmericanstheWestHongKongSaturdayChristmasWalkmansWomen’sDayMarch8th

1.規(guī)則變化：

1）______________如：map---mapsfield--fields

2）__________________如：virus---viruses，box---boxes盒子dish---dishes盤(pán)子，match---matches比賽

3）_______________________如:leaf---leaves葉thief---thieves賊knife-knives小刀

4）_____________________________如:party---parties黨factory---factories工廠family-families

家庭5）_____________________________________

radios

收音機(jī),photos照片,videos錄像,zeros零,zoos動(dòng)物園,kilos公斤…potato---potatoes

馬鈴薯hero---heroes

英雄

tomato—tomatoes西紅柿mango—mangoes或mangos芒果一般加-s

以s,x,sh,ch

結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es以f或fe

結(jié)尾的名詞,變?yōu)?ves以輔音字母

+y結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加-es

以o結(jié)尾的名詞，大部分加-s,但要記住一些特殊加-es的實(shí)際上也有直接加-s的：roofs,beliefs,proofs注意：stomachs可數(shù)名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式學(xué)會(huì)自己總結(jié)！但是：以元音字母＋y結(jié)尾的，直接加-s.如:toys,days2.不規(guī)則變化

1）變內(nèi)部元音字母。a)______________man--menwomen---womenEnglishman---Englishmenb)______________foot---feettooth---teethgoose—geese2）_______________________

如:fish----fishgoldfish---goldfishspacecraft–spacecraft

sheep---sheepJapanese—JapaneseChinese---Chinese3）其他特殊變化

如mouse---mice;child---children小孩4）注意：復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，一般只要把最后一個(gè)構(gòu)成部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式即可。如agirlstudent→fivegirlstudents

但第一個(gè)名詞是man或woman時(shí),則必須將_______________________，如mandoctor→mendoctors男醫(yī)生womanteacher→womenteachers女教師

改a為e型：改oo為ee型：形式不變(即單復(fù)數(shù)一致)前后兩個(gè)組成部分都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)注意這幾個(gè)單詞的復(fù)數(shù)：humans;Walkmans;Germans注意：boots;shoots字母、數(shù)字、引語(yǔ)或縮略詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在其后加-’s

或-s.There

aretwof’sintheword“office”.ManyVIPsarecomingtotheparty.注意：severalshoeshops,apairofsportsshoes,aclothesshop1.---Mum,todayisyourday,theWomen’sDay.Herearesome

(flower)foryou.(2010南京)---It’sverythoughtfulofyou.Thanks,Kitty.2.

Many

(butterfly)haveroundmarksontheirwingsthatlookslikeeyes.(2010無(wú)錫)3.Thebaby’sfirstfront

(牙齒)arejustcomingthrough.(2010蘇州)4.Couldyoupassthe

(knife)tome?Weneedthemtomakepumpkinlanterns.(2010常州)5.Mostofthetouristsonthecoachare

(German),onlytwoofthemare

(Japanese).6.Ourmoderntimesneedmoreandmore

(hero)forustolearnfrom.(2012江蘇泰州)flowersbutterfliesteethknivesGermansJapanese中日不變英法變，其余S加后面。heroes注意：在few,afew,several,many,oneof,anumberof后一定加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。8.--Whataretheydoingthere?--Allthe

teachersand

studentsarehavingameeting.(2012湖北黃岡)women;girlsB.women;girlC.woman;girlD.woman;girlsB7.

(節(jié)日)likeChristmasandHalloweenare

alsopopularinChinanow.(2012連云港)

Festivals

可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞的量的表示法apieceofnewstwopiecesoffurniturealoafofbreadtwocartonsofmilkapacketofsugarthreekilosofmeatamomentoffeartwohoursofhomeworkabagofapplestwobagsofpeaches

abasketofpotatoesthreebasketsoftomatoes1.Forbreakfast,Iusuallyhave

andtwopiecesofbread.(2011杭州)acupofmilkhalfB.halfacupofmilkC.ahalfmilkcupD.halfamilkcupB注意這些名詞是不可數(shù)名詞:music,

weather,knowledge,

health,

energy,traffic,advice,news,information3).Thereisalotof________(車(chē)輛)onthestreet.traffic4).Hehasplentyofk__________abouthistory,sohisstudentsadmire(羨慕)him.nowledge注意：在little(表示“少”),alittle,much

后要加不可數(shù)名詞。1).Hegavemeless________(建議)thanyoudid.advice2).Therearelittle

(rabbit)onthehill.rabbits注意：在alotof,lotsof,plentyof,some,any

后可以加不可數(shù)名詞,亦可以加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。5).Hehassomegood__________(idea)tohelpussolveproblems.ideas類(lèi)別意義例詞專(zhuān)有名詞表示人名、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)組織名稱(chēng)等的名詞Lucy,theGreens,China,theGreatWall,theUnitedStates普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞表示個(gè)體的人或事物的名詞teacher,dictionary,chair,book,dog集體名詞表示群體的名詞family,class,police,people不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示構(gòu)成物體的物質(zhì)或材料的名詞rice,glass,water,paper,air,wood,wool抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念的名詞danger,health,knowledge,work注意1：有些名詞既有可數(shù)也有不可數(shù)的現(xiàn)象。exercise,glass,fish,orange,paper,room,work,time,experience…注意2：有些名詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象。noodles,glasses,trousers,clothes,chopsticks,shoes,shorts…注意3：有些名詞以s結(jié)尾，但卻不是復(fù)數(shù)。physics,maths,news,virus,theUnitedStates…注意4：復(fù)合詞中的名詞a20-meter-longpoolTheboyis18yearsold.=Heisan18-year-oldboy.注意5:有些不可數(shù)名詞和a，an連用的特殊情況。haveagoodtime

玩得開(kāi)心,aheavyrain一場(chǎng)大雨,abigsuccess非常成功

注意幾類(lèi)特殊的名詞：1.Youshouldtakemore

.Don’talwaysbeatthedeskbusydoingyour

.(2010昆山)exercise;exerciseB.exercises;exercises

C.exercises;exerciseD.exercise;exercises2.Myteacherhasgivenmelotsof

.They’reveryuseful.(2010上海長(zhǎng)寧)informationB.adviceC.suggestionsD.news3.---It’ssaidthataforeignEnglishteacherwillteachusEnglishnextterm.----Wow!

!WecanpracticeouroralEnglishbetter.A.WhatanexcitingnewsB.HowexcitedthenewsisC.WhatexcitingnewsD.Howexcitingnews

DCC(2012揚(yáng)州)4.Thedoctortoldmetoeatmore

becauseit’sgoodformyhealth.(2011江西)orangeB.vegetablesC.icecream5.I’mgoingtothesupermarkettobuysome

thisafternoon.(2012陜西)paperandpencilB.applesandbananaC.milkandeggsD.bowlandspoonsBC名詞所有格名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方式可以概括為以下三類(lèi):1)’s形式的所有格

today’snewspaperTeachers’DayChildren’sDayMaryandhersister’sbedroom(兩者共有)Tom’sandMary’s

bags(兩者分別擁有)tenminutes’walk=ten-minutewalkatthedentist’s

在牙醫(yī)診所

2)of或

to

短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的所有格amapofChinatheleavesofthetreethenamesofthedirectorsthekeytothedoortheentrancetothecinema

theanswertothequestion3)雙重所有格

afriendofmyfather’s=oneofmyfather’sfriendsaphotoof

mineabook

ofMary’s1.Thethemeparkisabout

ridefromthemuseum.Youshouldstartoutrightnow.(2011無(wú)錫)twohourB.twohour’sC.twohours’D.two-hours2.I’vegotatoothache,soIneedtogotothe

(dentist).3.---It’sverygoodthatthegirls’surveyhasbeenhandedin.Howaboutthe

(boy)?(2012年鎮(zhèn)江)visitors’Cdentist’sboys’4.Theguidehascollectedallthe

(visit)IDcards.(2010常州)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1)加后綴ness

如：sickness;happiness;business2)加后綴ment如：advertisement;development;achievement

3)加后綴ion如：pollution;education;operation;communication;discussion;expression;

decide;4)加后綴ance如：appearance;performance;

enter;5)

加后綴ing如：building;skiing;shopping;jogging;beginning6)

變末尾t為ce如：confidence;importance;difference

7)以y結(jié)尾如：beauty;difficulty8)結(jié)尾加th

如：warmth;growth;length;strength;

truedecisionentrancetruth注意②：有些名詞的形式不止一種！

要根據(jù)句意選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拿~形式！如：performer/performance;science/scientist;thief/theft;director/direction;business/businessman;cook/cooker;

friend/friendship;murder/murderer

;end/ending…9)加后綴er或or如：singer;writer;foreigner;teenager;ruler;printer…注意雙寫(xiě)：swimmer;winner;runner;shopper；

注意以or結(jié)尾的：inventor;visitor;actor;director1.ZhangZiyiisoneofthemostfamous

(演員)intheworld.actresses2.Someofhis

(invent)areveryuseful.inventions注意①：有性別區(qū)別的名詞actor/actress;waiter/waitress;salesman/saleswoman3.Atthe

oftheday,wewatchedafilm.Ithasahappy

.(結(jié)尾)endending10)特殊的變化如：動(dòng)詞變名詞：lose;affect;fly;choose;bleed;breathe;die;marry;arrive;serve;complain;think

如：形容詞變名詞：proud;wise;safe;medical;weigh;high;pleased;

losseffectflightchoicebloodbreathdeathmarriage

arrivalservicecomplaintthoughtwisdomsafetymedicineweightheightpleasure1.Wewon’twinthematchwithoutyour

(support).support11)一詞有多種詞性

:wonder,trouble,cause,sleep,work,calm,smile,laugh,iron,hope,help,wish,support,book,order,copy…pride1.YoungcouplesliketosearchtheInternetfor(2012鎮(zhèn)江)some

(suggest)onhowtonametheirbabies.2.Theboyismorethan2metersin

(high)andheisgoodatplayingbasketball.(2012鹽城)3.The

(develop)ofsciencehaschangedourworldalot.(2012鹽城)4.Sometimesitrequirescouragetotellthe

(true).(2012無(wú)錫)5.Attheexhibition,thelittleboy’s

(invent)attractedmanyITengineers.(2012淮安)6.Thesedaysmanypeoplearetalkingaboutthe

(safe)offood.(2012南通)suggestionsheightdevelopmenttruthinvention(s)safetyWhetherwrittenorpurelymental,miseB.profileC.programD.process2012年南京市中考二、完形填空---Wishyouapleasantjourney.(2012揚(yáng)州)---Thanks!I’llgiveyoua

assoonasIarriveinParis.ringB.handC.rideD.present2.---Mr.LiwassenttoteachChineseinanAmericanhighschoollastyear.---Yes,Iknow.Hetoldmehewouldneverforgethispleasant

whileworkingthere.(2012鎮(zhèn)江)A.experimentsB.expressionsC.experiencesD.explorationsAC3.一Mrs.Black，couldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtowriteanapplicationletter?

一Withpleasure．Rememberthatthelettershouldbewrittenintheformal_____．（2011南京）

A.valueB.styleC.effectD.mood4.Thetwocitieshavereachedan

todevelopscienceandtechnology.（2011鹽城）

A．educationB．excitementC．a(chǎn)greementD．inventionBC注意：平時(shí)記住單詞的詞義，做題時(shí)再通過(guò)理解句意，判斷選擇答案！注意名詞的詞義辨析family強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭成員；home指人們生活居住的地方，強(qiáng)調(diào)居住的范圍和環(huán)境；house強(qiáng)調(diào)“住宅”。voice強(qiáng)調(diào)“嗓音”；noise指不悅耳不和諧的嘈雜聲；sound強(qiáng)調(diào)自然界的物理聲音。problem與“困難”相聯(lián)系，可以指社會(huì)或教學(xué)問(wèn)題這些問(wèn)題是有待解決的，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞是workout和solve等；question總是與“疑問(wèn)、質(zhì)問(wèn)、詢(xún)問(wèn)”相聯(lián)系，這種問(wèn)題是有待回答的，常與動(dòng)詞ask,answer等連用。Themusicmademethinkofthe

ofarunning