2016年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題2答案與詳解

MyViewonE-Withscienceandtechnologydevelo,anincreasingnumberofpeopleprefertotakecoursesandacquireknowledgeonlineratherthanattendschool,causinge-learningboomingallaroundtheworld.Viewsvaryfrom onthethrivingofe-learning.Themajorityofpeopleconsideritverynecessarytolearnonlineinthefuture,whileothersareagainsttheidea.Asforme,Iagreewiththeformerone.Foronething,thereisnodoubtthattheInternethasmadeagreatdifferenceineveryaspectofourlife.Asfore-learning,itprovideslearnerswithmanyoptionsintermsoftime,locations,subjectsandcosts.Foranotherthing,learnerscanbearmedwiththeupdatedinformationthroughonlinelearning.Justbyclickingthemouse,anyinformationthatyouneedcanbepresentedtoyouinnotime.Admittedly,e-learningoffersusmanyadvantagesandmakesourlifemoreconvenientandefficient；however,withsomuchuselessandfalseinformationontheInternet,chancesarethatwemaygetmisunderstood.Therefore,itisadvisableforustodistinguishtheauthenticityofinformationwhenlearningonlineandtomakegooduseofthepositivePartIIListeningComprehensionSectionAQuestions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustWhatseemstohavebeenverysuccessfulaccordingtothewomanTheprojectthemanmanagedatTheupdatingoftechnologyatTheman'sswitchtoanewTherestructuringofher【詳解】A)。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。開(kāi)頭，就問(wèn)男士是否在CucinTech公司里負(fù)責(zé)革新項(xiàng)案為A)。Whatdidthecompanylackbeforetheman'sschemewas Strategic【詳解】B)。推理判斷題。問(wèn)男士CucinTech公司的崛起是否都?xì)w功于革新，男WhatdoesthemansayheshoulddoinhisExpandtheRecruitmoreInnovateWhatdoesthemansayistheriskofPossibleUnforeseenswithintheImitationbyone's【詳解】D)。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。男士在講到革新的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，說(shuō)只要有革新，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)模仿W:So,Mike,(1)youmanagetheinnovationprojectatCucinTech.M:Ididindeed.W:Well,then,first,congratulations.(1)Itseemstohavebeenverysuccessful.M:Thanks.Yes,IreallyhelpthingsturnaroundatCucinTech.W:(2)WastherevivalintheirfortunesentirelyduetostrategicM:Yes,yes,Ithinkitwas.CucinTechwasacompanywhowereverymuchfollowingthepack,ngwhateveryoneelsewas ngandgettingrapidlyleftbehind.Icouldseetherewasalotoftalentthere,andsomegreatpotential,particularlyintheirproductdevelopment.IjusthadtothatW:WasinnovationatthecoreoftheM:Absoluy.Ifitdoesn'tsoundliketoomuchofCliché,(3)ourworldisconstantlychangingandit'schangingquickly.Weneedtobeinnovatingconstantlytokeepupwiththis.Standstillandyouarelost.W:NostoptosnifftheM:Well,I'lldothatinmy allife.Sure.Butasabusinessstrategy,I'mafraidthereisnoM:WhatexactlyisstrategicinnovationW:Strategicinnovationistheprocessofmanaginginnovation,ofmakingsureittakesplaceatalllevelsofthecompany,andthatisrelatedtothecompany'soverallstrategy.W:IM:So,insteadofinnovationforinnovation'ssakeandnewproductsbeingcreatedsimplybecausethetechnologyisthere,thecompanyculturemustswitchfromthesepointing-timeinnovationstocontinuouspipelineofinnovationsfromeverywhereandeveryone.W:HowdidyoualignstrategiesthroughouttheM:Isoonbecameawarethatningisuseless.Peopletakenonotice.Simplyitcameaboutthroughgoodpracticetricklingdown.Thisbuiltconsent.PeoplecouldseeitwasthebestwaytoW:DoesinnovationontheskillreallygiveacompetitiveM:Iamcertainofit,absoluy,(4)especiallyifit'sdifficultforacompetitortocopy.Theriskisofcoursethatinnovationmayfrequentlyleadtoimitation.W:Butnotifit'sstrategic?M:Precisely.W:ThanksfortalkingtoQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustWhatarethespeakersmainlytalkingThejobofanThestressfeltbyTheimportanceoflanguageThebestwaytoeffective【詳解】A)。主旨大意題。開(kāi)頭，男士介紹說(shuō)是有著二十年工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的一位口譯WhatdoesthemanthinkofDayna's【詳解】B)。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。男士說(shuō)他在當(dāng)時(shí)，與口譯工作者一同共過(guò)事，他認(rèn)為口譯WhatdoesDaynasayabouttheinterpreterssheTheyallhaveastronginterestinTheyallhaveprofessionalTheyhaveallpassedlanguageproficiencyTheyhaveallstudiedcross-cultural【詳解】B)。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。男士說(shuō)很多人認(rèn)為只要會(huì)講外語(yǔ)，就能做口譯，但是說(shuō)，WhatdomostinterpretersthinkofconsecutiveItrequiresamuchlargerItattachesmoreimportancetoItismorestressfulthansimultaneousItputsone'slong-termmemoryundermore【詳解】C)。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。當(dāng)男士表示同聲傳譯似乎更難時(shí)，表示了不同看法，她說(shuō)M:(5)Today,myguestisDaynaIvanovichwhohasworkedforthelasttwentyyearsasaninterpreter.Dayna, W:ThankM:Now,I'dliketobeginbysayingthatIhaveonoccasionsusedaninterpretermyselfasaforeigncorrespondent.(6)SoIamfullofadmirationforwhatyoudo,butIthinkyourprofessionissometimesunderrated,andmanypeoplethinkanyonewhospeaksmorethanonelanguagecandoW:(7)Therearen'tanyinterpretersIknowwhodon'thaveprofessionalqualificationsandtraining.Youonlyreallygetproficientaftermanyyearsinthejob.W:That'sright.Thetechniquesyouusearedifferent,andalotofinterpreterswillsayoneiseasierthantheother,lessstressful.M:Simultaneousinterpreting,puttingsomeone'swordsintoanotherlanguagemoreorlessastheyspeak,soundstomelikethemoredifficult.W:Well,actuallyno.(8)Mostpeopleinthebusinesswouldagreethatconsecutiveinterpretingisthemorestressful.Youhavetowaitforthespeakertodeliverquiteachunkoflanguagebeforeyouthenputitintothesecondlanguage,whichputsyourshort-termmemoryunderintensestress.M:Youmakenotes,IW:Absoluy,anythinglikenumbers,names,placeshavetobenoteddown.Buttherestisnevertranslatedwordforword.Youhavetofindawayofsummarizingit,sothatthemessageisthere.Turningeverysinglewordintothetargetlanguagewouldputtoomuchstrainontheinterpreterandslowdownthewholeprocesstoomuch.M:But,withsimultaneousinterpreting,youstarttranslatingalmostassoonastheother speaking.Youmusthavesomepreparationbeforehand.W:Well,hopefullythespeakerswillletyouhaveanoutlineofthetopicadayortwoinadvance.Youhavealittletimetodoresearch,preparetechnicalexpressionsandsoon.SectionQuestions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustWhatisthelong-heldviewaboutmothersleewithnewbornItmightaffectmothers'Itmightdisturbinfants'Itmightincreasetheriskofinfants'Itmightincreasemothers'mentalC)。細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。短文開(kāi)頭就提出，多年以來(lái)，母親們就受到警告，和新生嬰兒WhatdoIsraeliresearchers'findingsMotherswhobreast-feedtheirbabieshaveahardertimefallingMotherswhosleepwiththeirbabiesneedalittlemoresleepeachSleepatternsofmothersgreatlyaffecttheirnewbornbabies'Sleewithinfantsinthesameroomhasanegativeimpacton【詳解】D)。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。短文中明確，根據(jù)以色列的研究，只要與嬰兒在同一間屋內(nèi)休息，不論是不是同睡一張床，都會(huì)對(duì)母親的睡眠產(chǎn)生影響。WhatdoestheAmericanAcademyof mendmothersChangetheirsleeppatternstoadapttotheirnewbornSleepinthesameroombutnotinthesamebedastheirSleepinthesamehousebutnotinthesameroomastheirTakeprecautionstoreducetheriskofsuddeninfantdeath【詳解】B)。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。短文結(jié)尾部分提到，兒科學(xué)會(huì)建議母親不要與嬰兒睡在Israeliresearchersarereportingthatevensleeinthesameroomcanhavenegativeconsequences:notforthechild,butforthemother.Motherswhosleptinthesameroomastheirinfants,whetherinthesamebedorjustthesameroom,hadpoorersleepthanmotherswhosebabiessleptelsewhereinthehouse:Theywokeupmorefrequently,wereawakeapproximay20minuteslongerpernight,andhadshorterperiodsofuninterruptedsleep.Theseresultsheldtrueeventakingintoaccountthatmanyofthewomeninthestudywerebreast-feedingtheirbabies.Infants,ontheotherhand,didn'tappeartohaveworsesleepwhethertheysleptinthesameordifferentroomfromtheirmothers.Theresearchersacknowledgethatsincethefamiliestheystudiedwereallmiddle-classIsraelis,it'spossibletheresultswouldbedifferentindifferentcultures.LeadauthorLiatTikotzkywroteinan thattheresearchteamalsodidn'tmeasurefathers'sleep,soit'spossiblethattheirsleeppatternscouldalsobecausingthesleepdisruptionsformoms.Rightnow,toreducetheriskofsuddeninfantdeathsyndrome,(11)theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics thatmothersnotsleepinthesamebedastheirbabiesbutsleepinthesameroom.TheIsraelistudysuggeststhatngsomaybebestforthebaby,butmaytakeatollonmom.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustWhatdowelearnfromtheAlotofnativelanguageshavealreadydiedoutintheTheUSranksfirstinthenumberofendangeredTheeffortsto nlanguageshaveprovedMoremoneyisneededtorecordthenativelanguagesinthe而殘存的192種本土語(yǔ)言也已經(jīng)被教科文組織列入“”或“瀕危”行列。ForwhatpurposedoesFredNahwooksyappealformoreTosetupmorelanguage endangeredToeducatenativeAmerican【詳解】D)。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。印第安人博物館的FredNahwooksy說(shuō)，需要的錢，來(lái)Whatisthehistoricalcauseofthedeclinein nThe ernment'spolicyof nThefailureofAmericannlanguagestogainanofficialThy ernment'sunwillingnesstospendmoneyeducatingThelong-timeisolationof nsfromtheoutside【詳解】A)。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。短文中明確，印第安語(yǔ)消亡有其historicalroots（歷史，19進(jìn)行“化”，使他們遠(yuǎn)離自己的語(yǔ)言和文化。Whatdoesthespeakersay ItisbeingutilisedtoteachnativeD)Itiswidelyusedinlanguageimmersion【詳解】C)。細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。短文最后說(shuō)瀕危語(yǔ)言的另一個(gè) 了千家萬(wàn)戶，了家人之間講故事和聊天的時(shí)間，加速了 (12)TheUShasalreadylostmorethanathirdofthenativelanguagesthatexistedbeforeEuropeancolonization,andtheremaining192areclassedbyUNESCOasrangingbetween“unsafe”and“extinct”.“Weneedmorefundingandmoreefforttoreturntheselanguagestoeverydayuse,”saysFredNahwooksyoftheNationalMuseumoftheAmericann.(13)“Wearemakingprogressbutmoneyneedstobespentonrevitalisinglanguages,notjust ingthem.”Some40languages,mainlyinCaliforniaandOklahoma,wherethousandsofnswereforcedtorelocateinthe19thCentury,havefewerthan10nativespeakers.“Partoftheissueisthattribalgroupsthemselvesdon'talwaysbelievetheirlanguagesareendangereduntilthey'redowntothelasthandfulofspeakers.Butprogressisbeingmadethroughimmersionschools,becauseifyouteachchildrenwhenthey'reyoungitwillstaywiththemasadultsandthat'sthefuture,”saysMr.Nahwooksy,aComanchen.Suchschoolshave eamodelinHawaii.Buttheislanders'locallanguageisstillclassedbyUNESCOas“criticallyendangered”becauseonly1,000peoplespeakit.(14)ThedeclineinAmericannlanguageshashistoricalroots:Inthemid-19thCentury,theUSernmentadoptedapolicyofAmericanizingnchildrenbyremovingthemfromtheirhomesandculture.Withinafewgenerationsmosthadforgottentheirnativetongues.(15)Anotherchallengetolanguagesurvivalisevision.IthasbroughtEnglishintohomesandpushedouttraditionalstory-lingandfamilytimetogether,acceleratingtheextinctionofnativelanguages.SectionQuestions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustHowdoesunemploymentinsurancehelptheItpaysthemuptohalfoftheirpreviouswageswhiletheylookforItcoverstheirmortgagepaymentsandmedicalexpensesfor99ItpaystheirlivingexpensesuntiltheyfindemploymentItprovidesthemwiththebasicnecessitiesofeveryday【詳解】A)。細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。講座中明確，人們失業(yè)時(shí)可以獲得失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)，在尋找工作期間，可以拿到相當(dāng)于最后一份工資的50%的收入。WhatislocaldirectorElizabethWalshoftheBucksCounty CreatingjobsforthehugearmyofunemployedProvidingtrainingandguidanceforunemployedConvincinglocallawmakerstoextendunemploymentRaisingfundstohelpthosehavingnounemployment【詳解】B)。細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。講座中明確，士郡的CareerLink為失業(yè)工人提供培訓(xùn)WhatdoesPennsylvaniaStateRepresentativeScottPetrisayisthebestwaytohelpthelong-termunemployed?ToofferthemloanstheyneedtostarttheirownToallowthemtopostponetheirmonthlymortgage者的最好的辦法就是讓普通公民投資當(dāng)?shù)毓?，以此?chuàng)造出的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。GregRosenlosthisjobasasalesmanagernearlythreeyearsagoandisstillunemployed.“Itliterallyislikesomethinginadream,torememberwhatit'sliketoactuallybeabletogoout,andputinaday'sworkandreceiveaday'spay.”Atfirst,Rosenboughtgroceriesandmadehousepaymentswiththehelpfromunemploymentinsurance.Itpayslaidoffworkersuptohalfoftheirpreviouswageswhiletheylookforwork.Butnow,thatinsurancehasrunoutforhim,andhehastomaketoughchoices.He'scutbackonmedicationsandhenolongerhelpssupporthisdisabledmother.Itisadevastatingexperience.NewresearchsaystheU.S.recessionisnowover,butmanypeopleremainunemployed.Andunemployedworkersfacedifficultodds.Thereisliterallyonlyonejobopeningforeveryfiveunemployedworkers,sofouroutoffiveunemployedworkershaveactuallynochanceoffindinganewjob.BusinesseshavedownsizedorshutdownacrossAmerica,leavingfewerjobopportunitiesforthoseinsearchofwork.ExpertswhomonitorunemploymentstatisticshereinBucksCounty,Pennsylvania,sayabout28,000peopleareunemployed,andmanyofthemarejoblessduetonofaultoftheirown.That'swheretheBucksCountyCareerLinkcomesin.LocaldirectorElizabethWalshsaystheyprovidetrainingandguidancetohelpunemployedworkersfindlocaljobopportunities.“Sohere'sthejobopening,here'sthejobseeker,matchthemtogetherunderoneroof,”ButthelackofworkopportunitiesinBucksCountylimitshowmuchshecanRosensayshehopesCongresswilltakeaction.Thismonthhelaunchedthe99ersUnion,umbrellaorganizationof18Internet-basedgrassrootsgroupsof99ers.Theirgoalistoconvincelawmakerstoextendunemploymentbenefits.ButPennsylvaniaStateRepresentativeScottPetrisaysernmentssimplydonothaveenoughmoneytoextendunemploymentinsurance.(18)Hethinksthebestwaytohelpthelong-termunemployedistoallowprivatecitizenstoinvestinlocalcompaniesthatcancreatemorejobs.Buttheboostininvestorconfidenceneededfortheplantoworkwilltaketime—timethatRosensaysstillrequireshimtobuyfoodandmakemonthlymortgagepayments.Rosensayshe'llusethelastofhissavingstotrytohangontothehomeheworkedformorethan20yearstobuy.Butoncethatmoneyisgone,hesayshedoesn'tknowwhathe'lldo.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustWhatdidPenHadowandhisteamdointheArcticTheymeasuredthedepthsofsea yzedthewaterTheyexploredtheoceanTheyinvestigatedthe【詳解】D)。細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。講座一開(kāi)頭就說(shuō)，英國(guó)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)在北冰洋長(zhǎng)途跋涉了三個(gè)月，MostoftheicewasaccumulatedoverthepastTheiceensuresthesurvivalofmanyendangeredTheicedecreaseismoreevidentthanpreviously【詳解】D)。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。講座中說(shuō)在過(guò)去幾年時(shí)間里，觀察和海洋觀察都能證明極pronounced與D）選項(xiàng)中的evident是同義轉(zhuǎn)換。WhatdoesCambridgescientistPeterWadhamssayinhisArcticiceisamajorsourceoftheworld'sfreshThemeltingArcticicehasdrownedmanycoastalThedeclineofArcticiceisArcticiceisessentialtohuman【詳解】HowdoesPeterWadhamsviewclimateItwilldoalotofharmtoThereisnoeasywaytounderstandItwilladvancenuclearThereisnoeasytechnologicalsolutiontoD)。細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。講座結(jié)尾部分提到，Wadhams認(rèn)為，對(duì)于氣候變化來(lái)說(shuō)，不可能輕易找到一種技術(shù)上的解決方案，原文中的fix與D）選項(xiàng)中的solution是同義轉(zhuǎn)述。Earlierthisyear,BritishexplorerPenHadowandhisteamtrekkedforthreemonthsacrossthefrozenArcticOcean,(19)takingmeasurementsandrecordingobservationsabouttheice.technicallymulti-yearicethat'sbeenaroundforafewyearsandjustgetsthickerandthicker.Weactuallyfoundtherewasn'tanymulti-yeariceatall.”Saliteobservationsandsubmarinesurveysoverthepastfewyearshadshownlessiceinthepolarregion,buttherecentmeasurementsshowthelossismorepronouncedthanpreviously“We'relookingatroughly80percentlossoficecoverontheArcticOceanin10years,roughly10years,and100percentlossinnearly20years.”CambridgescientistPeterWadhamswho'sbeenmeasuringandmonitoringtheArcticsince1971saysthedeclineisirreversible.“Themoreyoulose,themoreopenwateriscreated,themorewarminggoesoninthatopenwaterduringthesummer,thelessiceformsinthewinter,themoremeltthereisthefollowingsummer.It esabreakdownprocesswhereeverythingendsupacceleratinguntilit'sallgone.”MartinSommerkornrunstheArcticprogramfortheenvironmentalcharitytheWorldWildlife“TheArcticseaiceholdsacentralpositionintheEarth'sclimatesystemandit'sdeterioratingfasterthanexpected.Actuallyithastotranslateintomoreurgencytodealwiththeclimatechangeproblemandreduceemissions.”SummerkornsaysaplantoreducegreenhousegasemissionsblamedforglobalwarmingneedstocomeoutoftheCopenhagenclimatechangesummitinDecember.echoestheneedfor“Thecarbonthatwe'veputintotheatmospherekeepshavingawarmingeffectfor100years,sowehavetocutbackrapidlynow,becauseitwilltakealongtimetoworkitswaythroughintoaresponsebytheatmosphere.Wecan'tswitchoffglobalwarmingjustbybeinggoodinthefuture.Wehavetostartbeinggoodnow.”Wadhamssaysthereisnoeasytechnologicalfixtoclimatechange.Heandotherscientistssaytherearebasicallytwooptionstoreplacingfossilfuels,generatingenergywithrenewables,orembracingnuclearpower.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustWhatisthenewstudyThereasonwhyNewZealandchildrenseemtohavebetterself-Therelationbetweenchildren'sself-controlandtheirfutureThehealthproblemsofchildrenraisedbyasingleThedecidingfactorinchildren'sacademic【詳解】B)。推理判斷題。講座開(kāi)頭提到，一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，力弱的孩子成年后在WhatdoesthestudyseemtoChildrenraisedbysingleparentswillhaveahardtimeintheirThosewithacriminalrecordmostlycomefromsingleparentParentsmustlearntoexerciseself-controlinfrontoftheirLackofself-controlinparentsisadisadvantagefortheir【詳解】D)。推理判斷題。講座中提到，研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，力弱的孩子很有可能來(lái)自單親控也會(huì)對(duì)下一代造成影響。WhatdoesMoffittsayisthegoodnewsfromtheirSelf-controlcanbeimprovedthroughSelf-controlcanimproveone'sfinancialSelf-controlproblemsmaybedetectedearlyinSelf-controlproblemswilldiminishasonegrows【詳解】A)。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。講座結(jié)束時(shí)提到了關(guān)于力的一個(gè)好消息，那就是力是可以通過(guò)教育來(lái)提升的，家長(zhǎng)、學(xué)校都可以教導(dǎo)孩子以提高他們的力。Fromaveryearlyage,somechildrenexhibitbetterself-controlthanothers.Now,anewstudythatbeganwithabout1,000childreninNewZealandhastrackedhowachild'slowself-controlcanpredictpoorhealth,moneytroublesandevenacriminalrecordintheiradultyears.Researchershavebeenstudyingthisgroupofchildrenfordecadesnow.Someoftheirearliestobservationshavetodowiththelevelofself-controltheyoungstersdisplayed.Parents,teachers,eventhekidsthemselves,scoretheyoungstersonmeasureslike“actingbeforethinking”and“persistenceinreachinggoals”.Thechildrenofthestudyarenowadultsintheirthirties.TerryMoffittofDukeUniversityandherresearchcolleaguesfoundthatkidswithself-controlissuesmosthealthproblemsintheirthirtiesandtheyhadtheworstfinancialsituationandtheyweremorelikelytohaveacriminalrecordandtoberaisingachildasasingleparentonaverylow SpeakingfromNewZealandviaSkype,Moffittexplainedthatself-controlproblemswerewidelyobservedandweren'tjustafeatureofasmallgroupofmisbehavingkids.“Eventhechildrenwhohadabove-averageself-controlaspreschoolerscouldhavebenefitedfrommoreself-controltraining.Theycouldhaveimprovedtheirfinancialsituationandtheirphysicalandmentalhealthsituationthirtyyearslater.”So,childrenwithminorself-controlproblemswerelikelyasadultstohaveminorhealthproblems,andsoon.Moffittsaidit'sstillunclearwhysomechildrenhavebetterself-controlthanothers,thoughshesaysotherresearchershavefoundthatit'smostlyalearnedbehavior,withrelativelylittlegeneticinfluence.(24)Butgoodself-controlcanbesettoruninfamiliesinthatchildrenwhohavegoodself-controlaremorelikelytogrowuptobehealthyandprosperousparents.“Whereassomeofthelowself-controlstudymembersaremorelikelytobesingleparentswithaverylow eandtheparentisinpoorhealthandlikelytobeaheavysubstanceabuser.Sothat'snotagoodatmosphereforachild.Soitlooksasthoughself-controlissomethingthatinonegenerationcandisadvantagethenextgeneration.”(25)ButthegoodnewsisthatMoffittsaysself-controlcanbetaughtbyparents,andthroughschoolcurriculathathaveprovedtobeeffective.TerryMoffitt'spaperon“TheLinkBetweenChildhoodSelf-controlandAdults'StatusDecadesLater”ispublishedintheproceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofPartIIIReading【詳解】A)。動(dòng)詞辨析題?？崭裎挥谥鲝膹?fù)合句的主句中，thequestion為主語(yǔ)，缺少上下文判斷，此處應(yīng)選arises“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”。ascends“上升，升高”雖然滿足動(dòng)詞的第三人稱【詳解】D)。名詞辨析題。空格位于定冠詞The之后，且是本句主語(yǔ)的中心詞，因此義，可判斷答案為combination“結(jié)合”?！驹斀狻縁)。副詞辨析題?？崭裎挥谇閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞will之后，動(dòng)詞enable之前，由此技術(shù)進(jìn)步的共同作用下，產(chǎn)生了某種效果。結(jié)合上下文判斷，答案為eventually“最終，終【詳解】O)。形容詞辨析題?？崭裎挥诿~use之前，是enable的賓語(yǔ)的一部分，因【詳解】C)。固定搭配題?？崭裎挥谙祫?dòng)詞are之后，動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)tobeproblems之前。換言之，空格處于betodo的結(jié)構(gòu)中。本句試圖表明問(wèn)題一定會(huì)出現(xiàn)。結(jié)合上下文判斷，此處應(yīng)填入bound,符合題意。beboundtodo表示“必定，一定”?！驹斀狻縉)。名詞辨析題?？崭裎挥诙ü谠~the之后，介詞of之前，故應(yīng)填入名詞。另外，本句主語(yǔ)為Juries，sympathetictotheofmachines作后置定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)。此處主要表達(dá)“陪審團(tuán)同情那些機(jī)器”。由第三段第三、四句中的privacy和runoveraneighbor'scat可知，答案為victims“受害者”。J)company-crushing之后，并且在結(jié)構(gòu)上與damages并列，因此判斷空格處應(yīng)填入名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。本句陳述的是懲罰企業(yè)家的后案應(yīng)為penalties“懲罰，處罰”。【詳解】K)。動(dòng)詞辨析題?？崭裎挥谶B詞while之后，可填入現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“兩件事同時(shí)發(fā)生”。本句，該怎樣做才能既保護(hù)人們又創(chuàng)新的空間。結(jié)合上下文分析，答案應(yīng)選preserving“，保護(hù)”。L)bebuiltsold并項(xiàng)中只有programmed“規(guī)劃”符合文意。SectionWithataximposedonexpensivehealthinsuranceplans,mostemployerswilllikelytransfermoneyfromhealthexpensesintowages.F)mostemployerswagesF）義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為Changesinpolicywouldbeapprovedorrejectedasawholesothatlobbyistswouldfindithardtoinfluencelawmakers.【詳解】J)。同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由題干Changes和approvedorrejected定位到J）段末句。定位句，這些改變可能需要經(jīng)過(guò)國(guó)會(huì)的全票通過(guò)或全票否決，這就使代表狹隘利益的說(shuō)客很難讓者順從他們的意志。題干中的influencelawmakers對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的bendlawmakerstotheirwill，故答案為JItisnoteasytocurbtherisingmedicalcostsin【譯文】在，很難抑制醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的增長(zhǎng)【詳解】A)。細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。由題干risingmedicalcosts定位到A)段首句。定位句及應(yīng)定位句中的noonehasaneasyfix，故答案為Standardizationofformsforautomaticprocessingwillsavealotofmedical【詳解】G)。細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。由題干automaticprocessing和save定位到G）段第二、三句。定位句，如果健康保險(xiǎn)業(yè)依舊配合，那么保險(xiǎn)公司將會(huì)主動(dòng)提供自動(dòng)處理的hundredsofbillionsofdollars的推斷，故答案為G)Republicansandtheinsuranceindustryarestronglyopposedtothecreationofapublicinsurance【譯文】和保險(xiǎn) 【詳解】L)。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。由題干 Republicans和theinsuranceindustry定位到L）段和黨批評(píng)家，這一計(jì)劃也不會(huì)節(jié)省。題干中的arestronglyopposedto對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的thefierceopposition，故答案為Conversionofpapertoelectronicmedicalrecordswillhelpeliminateredundanttestsandpreventdruginteractions.【詳解】H)。細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。由題干Conversion,electronicmedicalrecords和druginteractions定位到H）段第一句和第三句。定位句，刺激計(jì)劃提供把低效的紙質(zhì)醫(yī)HThehighcostofmedicalservicesandunnecessarytestsandtreatmentshavedrivenupmedical【詳解】C)。細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。由題干thehighcost,medicalservices和testsandtreatmentsC）段。定位段，醫(yī)療費(fèi)用通常要比工資和整體經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)得快，這主要有兩個(gè)推動(dòng)因素：這個(gè)國(guó)家的高醫(yī)療服務(wù)和醫(yī)生與醫(yī)院提供的不必要的治療，很多檢測(cè)和治療經(jīng)常遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出的真正需求。題干中的drivenup對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的propelled，故答案為。Onemainfactorthathasdrivenupmedicalexpensesisthatdoctorsarecompensatedfortheamountofcareratherthanitseffect.【詳解】I)。同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由題干care和effect定位到I）段首句。定位句，所有的專家都認(rèn)為醫(yī)療費(fèi)用體系中，以醫(yī)療數(shù)量而非和效果作為導(dǎo)向的機(jī)制是醫(yī)療費(fèi)用居高不下的主要原因。題干中的arecompensatedfor對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的arerewardedfor，題干中的theamountof對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的thetyof，故答案為 【詳解】P)。細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。由題干doubts和negotiation定位到P)段第二、三句。定案為PFaircompetitionmightcreateastrongincentiveforinsurerstocharge【詳解】K)。同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由題干competition和astrongincentive定位到K)段末故答案為K)。Facingwatershortagesandescalatingfertilizercosts,farmersindevelocountriesareusingrawsewage(下水道污水toirrigateandfertilizenearly49millionacresofcroplandaccordingtoanewreport—anditmaynotbeabadthing.Whilethepracticecarriesserioushealthrisksformany,thosedangersareoutweighedbythesocialandeconomicgainsforpoorurbanfarmersandconsumerswhoneedaffordablefood.“Thereisalargepotentialforwastewateragriculturetobothhelpandhurtgreatnumbersofurbanconsumers,”saidLiqaRaschid-Sally,wholedthestudy.Thereportfocusedonpoorurbanareas,wherefarmsinornearcitiessupplyrelativelyinexpensivefood.Mostoftheseoperationsdrawirrigationwaterfromlocalriversorlakes.Unlikedevelopedcities,however,theseareaslackadvancedwater-treatmentfacilities,andrivers esewers下水道).Whenthiswaterisusedforagriculturalirrigationfarmersriskabsorbingdisease-causingbacteriaasdoconsumerswhoeattheproducerawandunwashedNearly2.2millionpeopledieeachyearbecauseofdiarrhea-related與腹瀉相關(guān)的diseasesaccordingtoWHOstatisticsMorethan80%ofthosecasescanbeattributedtocontactwithcontaminatedwaterandalackofpropersanitation.ButPayDrechsel,anenvironmentalscientist,arguesthatthesocialandeconomicbenefitsofusinguntreatedhumanwastetogrowfoodoutweighthehealthrisks.Thosedangerscanbeaddressedwithfarmerandconsumereducation,hesaid,whilethefreewaterandnutrientsfromhumanwastecanhelpurbanfarmersindevelocountriestoescapeAgricultureisawater-intensivebusiness,accountingfornearly70%ofglobalfreshwaterInpoor,dryregions,untreatedwastewateristheonlyviableirrigationsourcetokeepfarmersinbusiness.Insomecases,waterissoscarcethatfarmersbreakopensewagepipestransportingwastetolocalrivers.Irrigationistheprimaryagriculturaluseofhumanwasteinthedeveloworld.Butfrequentlyuntreatedhumanwasteharvestedfromlavatoriesisdeliveredtofarmsandspreadasfertilizer.Inmostcases,thehumanwasteisusedongraincrops,whichareeventuallycooked,minimizingtheriskoftransmittingwater-bornediseases.Withfertilizerpricesjumnearly50%permetrictonoverthelastyearinsomeplaces,humanwasteisanattractive,andoftennecessary,Incaseswheresewagemudisused,expensivechemicalfertilizerusecanbeavoided.Themudcontainsthesamecriticalnutrients.“Overlystrictstandardsoftenfail,”JamesBartram,aWHOwater-healthexpert,“Weneedtoacceptthatfactacrossmuchoftheplanet,sowastewithlittleornotreatmentwillbeusedinagricultureforgoodreason.”WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheuseofrawsewageforItsriskscannotbeItshouldbeforbiddenItsbenefitsoutweighthehazardsItispollutingmillionsofacresof【詳解】C)useofrawsewageforfarming險(xiǎn)，故答案為CWhatisthemainproblemcausedbytheuseofwastewaterforRiversandlakesnearbywill eItwilldriveproducersofchemicalfertilizersoutofFarmersandconsumersmaybeaffectedbyharmfulItwillmakethefarmproducelesscompetitiveontheC)themainproblemtheuseofwastewaterforirrigation食的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)者可能會(huì)攝入疾病的細(xì)菌，故答案為WhatisenvironmentalscientistPayDrechsel'sattitudetowardstheuseofuntreatedhumanwasteinagriculture?Favorable.C)【詳解】A)。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干中的人名PayDrechsel定位到第五段最后一句。定位句明確，環(huán)境科學(xué)家·德認(rèn)為，使用處理的人類排泄物生產(chǎn)糧食所AWhatdoesPayDrechselthinkoftherisksinvolvedinusinguntreatedhumanwasteforTheyhavebeensomewhatTheycanbedealtwiththroughTheywillbeminimizedwithnewTheycanbeaddressedbyimproved【詳解】B)。細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。由題干中的人名PayDrechsel和risks定位到第六段。定位段，·德認(rèn)為使用處理的人類排泄物進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可以通過(guò)對(duì)農(nóng)民和消費(fèi)者的教育得到解決，故答案為BWhatdowelearnaboutJamesBartram'spositionontheuseofhumanwasteforHeechoesPayDrechsel'sopinionontheHechallengesLiqaRaschid-Sally'sHethinksittheonlywayoutofthecurrentfoodHedeemsitindispensableforcombatingglobal【詳解】A)。推理判斷題。由題干中的人名 可見(jiàn)，他與·德一樣，對(duì)人類排泄物的使用持肯定態(tài)度，故答案為A)。PassageThesedays,nobodyneedstocook.Familiesgrazeonhigh-cholesteroltake-awaysandmicrowavedready-meals.Cookingisanoccasionalhobbyandavehicleforcelebritychefs.Whichmakesitoddthatthekitchenhas etheheartofthemodernhouse:whatthegreathallwastothemedievalcastle,thekitchenistothe21st-centuryhome.Themoneyspentonkitchenshasrisenwiththeirstatus.InAmericathekitchenmarketiskitchenoverhaulin2006,calculatesRemodelingmagazine,wasastaggering＄54,000;evena“minor”improvementcostonaverage＄18,000.Exclusivity,morefamiliarintheworldofhighfashion,hasreachedthekitchen:Robinson＆Cornish,aBritishmanufacturerofcustom-madekitchens,offersaGeorgian-styleonewhichwouldcost￡145,000-155,000—excludingbuilding,plumbingandelectricalwork.Itsbigsellingpointisthatnobodyelsewillhaveit:“Youwon'tseethiskitchenanywhereelseintheTheelevationoftheroomthatoncebelongedonlytotheservantstothatofdesignshowcaseforthemodernfamilylsthestoryofacenturyofsocialchange.Rightintotheearly20thcentury,