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Hotel/RestaurantLawDischarge,PerformanceandCancellationofaContract
Mostcontractsuitsarenotbroughtoverquestionsregardingtheformationofacontract;theyarebroughtbecauseofwhatonepartyconsiderstobeanimproperterminationofacontract.Whenandhowdoesthecontractend?Whenacontracthasbeendischarged,itmeansthatithasbeenperformedandisnolongerapending,legalobligation.Discharge:Todischargeacontractistoendtheobligationbyagreementorbycarryingitout.DischargeofacontractAcontractcanbedischargedthroughtheperformanceofitsterms.Adischargedcontractisanullity.DischargingaContractThroughPerformanceApartytoacontractisunderalegalobligationtoperform.DutytoPerformGoodfaithisarequirementofallpartiestoacontract.GoodFaithThepartyisonlyrequiredtoperformtheactionscontemplatedinthecontract,andanyassumedduties,aswell.WhatDutiesAreRequired?Manycontractscontainprovisionsallowingthepartiestoterminatethecontractundercertainconditions.Thesearecalled“terminationprovisions.”DischargingByTerminationContractscannotlastforever.Contractswithoutterminationdatesarerevocablebyeitherpartyafterreasonablenotice.ContractsWithoutTerminationDatesContractscancontainprovisionsthatautomaticallyrenewthecontractforanotherterm.AutomaticrenewalWhenacontractcontainsaconditionsubsequentprovision,thecontractisnolongercapableofbeingterminatedatwillbytheparties.Instead,thecontractlanguagewillbeenforced,i.e.,theoccurrencesetoutintheconditionsubsequent.ConditionsSubsequentWhenacontractcontainsaclausestatingthatitmayonlybeterminatedforgoodcauseitisusuallyconstruedtobeterminableatwillbytheparties.TerminationFor“GoodCause”Acontractisvalidifitcontainsaprovisionstatingthateitherpartycanrevokeitatanytime,foranyreason.TerminationforAnyReasonThemethodusedtoprovidenoticeofterminationcanbesetoutinthecontract.NoticeofTerminationOncethecontractterminates,thelegalobligationsofthepartiesareextinguished.EffectofTerminationManycontractsarenotsuccessfullydischarged,leadingtodisputesbetweentheparties.EndingacontractthroughothermeansAftercreatingacontract,thepartiesarefreetomutuallyabandon,modifyorrescindthecontract.AgreementWhenthepartiesabandonacontract,theyare,ineffect,agreeingtorescindthecontract.AbandonmentRescissiondoesnotmodifythecontractterms;iteliminatesthem.RescissionInordertodemonstrateavalidrescission,theremustbeademandortenderoffullperformance.Theremustalsobeanunambiguous,affirmativeactbyapartyshowingtheintentiontorescindthecontract.TheElementsofRescissionWhenthepartiesagreetoabandonorrescindthecontract,theagreementmustbemutualandmustbemadepriortoeitherpartyactuallyperforminganyactionsAgreementtoRescindtheContractOnlythepartiestothecontractmayrescindit.WhoMayRescindAfullydischargedcontractcannotberescinded.Manyjurisdictionsalsohavearulethatpreventspartiallyexecutedcontractsfrombeingrescinded.WhatTypesofContractsMaybeRescindedCancelingacontractisaformaldeclarationthatacontractislegallyineffectiveandcannotformthebasisofalegalduty.Rescissionrestoresthepartiestotheirpositionspriortothecreationofthecontract.CancellationversusRescissionWhenapartyhasarightandfailstoexerciseit,thatrightmaybelost.WaivingtheRighttoRescindJudgeswillusuallynotorderrescissionwhenthecontractisillegal,orwherethepartiesareequallyatfault,orwheresomeoneotherthanthepartiestothecontractisseekingrescission.SuitsSeekingRescissionWhenapartybreachesacontract,heorsheviolatessomecontractualduty.BreachofContractThepartiesarefreetonegotiatethepossibleremediesforabreachofacontract,andeventostipulatewhattypesofactionswillbeconsideredabreach.NegotiatingTypesofBreachWhenonepartycommitsabreachtheotherpartyisnotrelievedofallcontractualobligations.OneParty’sBreachDoesNotRelievetheOtherOfLegalDutyInsomecases,apartymaybringsuitforabreachbeforetheotherpartyhasactuallycommittedone.AnticipatoryBreachMaterialbreachgivestheotherpartytherighttorescindthecontract.Amaterialbreachisthefailureofonepartytodosomeactthatissocentraltotheagreementastoactuallydefeatthereasonforhavingthecontractinthefirstplace.WhatisaMaterialBreach?Thegeneralrulefollowedinmostjurisdictionsisthatperformanceunderacontractwillonlybeexcusedin“extreme”circumstancesorwhentheperformancefallsunderalegallyrecognizedexcusefromperformance.WhenFailuretoPerformIsNotActionable:LegalExcusesImpossibilitySubsequentIllegalityActsofGod/NatureDeathofaPartyDestructionWarCategoriesofLegalExcusesTherearetwotypesofimpossibility:subjectiveimpossibilityandobjectiveimpossibility.ImpossibilityUndersubjectiveimpossibility,apartystatesthatheorshecannotperformthedutiesoutlinedinthecontract.Inmostjurisdictions,thisclaimisnotalegaldefense.SubjectiveImpossibilityObjectiveimpossibilityisaclaimthattheactionitselfcannotbedonebyanyone.ObjectiveImpossibilityWhenperformanceunderacontractisimpossible,apartycannotattempttosubstituteadifferenttypeofperformance.ConsequencesofImpossibilityWhenthesubjectofthecontractisruledtobeillegalafterthecontractwascreated,thecourt
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