中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)代詞1

代詞代詞是指代替名詞短語的詞，大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。代詞按其意義，特征以及在句中的作用可分為八類：人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞，指示代詞，疑問代詞，相互代詞，關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞。人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves一人稱代詞1第一人稱單數(shù)I代表說話者，須大寫。如:That,swhatIwant.那就是我想要的。2當(dāng)句中同時有幾個人稱代詞出現(xiàn)時，一般是按you,he,I排列，如：YouandIbothenjoymusic.3人稱代詞做主語時用主格，作賓語時用賓格，作表語時用賓格較多。Heisadoctor.Doyouknowhim?4特殊用法的人稱代詞ita）作無人稱動詞的主語，表示天氣，時間，距離，但此時的it，并不譯為“它”。如：Itwasrainingyesterday.Whattimeisit?It,ssixthirty.b）作先行詞，引導(dǎo)非謂語動詞或從句Itisgoodforyourhealthtodomorningexercises.c）用作形式賓語（代替不定式短語，動名詞，賓語從句等真正賓語）。WefinditveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.d）某些結(jié)構(gòu)慣用it作主語Itdoesn,tmatterwhetheryougoornot.It作先行詞的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。英語常用的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是：Itis（was）+被強調(diào)部分（主語、賓語或狀語）+who（that）……。一般說來，被強調(diào)部分指人時用who.指物時用that.ItisnotIwhofeelstired.Itwasatoyplanethathechoseatlast.注：特指不明身份的人，也用it指代。WhoisthisinPictureTwo? It,sSunWukong.“Whoisknockingatthedoor?”“Ithinkit,sLiLei.”二物主代詞物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，也可稱為代詞屬格。它分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。.形容詞性物主代詞通常修飾名詞，做定語。Hisbikeisblue.與own連用表示強調(diào)。Isawitwithmyowneyes..名詞性物主代詞可作主語、表語和賓語。Thisisyoureraser.Mineisonthedesk.3名詞性物主代詞常用于雙重屬格，與of連接且用于祝愿語等句中。如：Sheisafriendofmine.注：名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別：Thisismybag.Thisbagismine.三反身代詞反身代詞表示謂語動詞的動作返回行為主體本身，或起強調(diào)作用；它與它所指代的名詞或代詞形成互指關(guān)系。在人稱，性別，數(shù)上應(yīng)保持一致。反身代詞用作賓語，表語和同位語。1作動詞賓語WeteachourselvesEnglish.2用作介詞賓語Theyoungmanisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.作表語Thatpoorboywasmyself.4作同位語TheyoungpeoplethemselveshavelearnedEnglish.5用于固定習(xí)語dressoneselfcalloneselfhelponeself四指示代詞指示代詞是用來指示人或事物的代詞，包括：this,these,those,such等。它在句中可作主語，賓語，表語和定語。形容詞性用法是作定語，而名詞性用法是作主語，賓語，表語。1作主語Thesearemybooksandthosearehisbooks.作賓語Wewilldothat.作表語Myideaisthat.作定語Ilikethosechildren.指示代詞的用法thisthese指近的事物，thatthose指遠(yuǎn)的事物ThisisamapofChina.ThatisamapofAmerica.such的用法a.表示“如此，這樣的人或事”在句中作主語或定語Suchwaswhathewantedtotellme.b.such常用于結(jié)構(gòu)such(a/an)(adj.)+名詞中。Itissuchafinedaythatwe,dallliketohaveawalkoutside.五疑問代詞who(whom),whose,what,which稱為疑問代詞，用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。who,what的用法who多指姓名、關(guān)系等，what多指職業(yè)、地位等。--Whoisthewomaningreen?--Sheismyaunt.--Whatisthegirl?--Sheisabookseller.who,which的用法who指人，它所指的對象沒有范圍限制，可以是一個或幾個人。而which可以指人或物，它所指的對象有范圍限制，只能是一個或一類。Whobrokethatwindow?WhichoftheTVplaysdoyoulikebest?what,which的用法what指的事物無范圍限制，側(cè)重于種類，which指的事物有范圍限制，側(cè)重于哪一個Whatsportdoyoulikebest?Whichsportdoyoulikebest?whose,whom的用法whose是who的屬格，用于指示所有者，whom是who的賓格，用于指示對象。Whomaretheytalkingabout?Whoseumbrellaisthat?六相互代詞相互代詞是表示相互關(guān)系的代詞。在現(xiàn)代英語中，eachother和oneanother在用法上沒有什么區(qū)別。一般認(rèn)為eachother多用于非正式文體，而oneanother則多用于較正式文體。在句中，相互代詞可用作賓語、定語等Don,ttalktoeachother(oneanother).Wemusthelponeanother.Theyknoweachother,sfavorite(s).七關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞有who,whose,whom.that,which,as等，可用作引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。縮合連接代詞也屬于關(guān)系代詞范疇，這種代詞主要有：what,who,that,whatever,whoever,whichever等，多用以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。WhatIwantismoney.Whohelikesisnotme.八不定代詞不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫不定代詞。.不定代詞的分類普通不定代詞包括some,any,no及其構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞something,anyone,nothing,someone等。個體代詞包括all,every,each,other,another,either,neither,both,half以及every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞。數(shù)量代詞包括many,much,few,little,afew,alittle,alotof,lotsof,agreatdeal,agreatmany.不定代詞的用法some,someone,somebody,something一般用于肯定句WecanspeaksomeJapanese.Thereissomethingwrongwithhercomputer.any,anyone,anybody,anything一般用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中Thereisn,tanyfoodordrinksinthefridge.Ididn,tknowanythingaboutituntilhetoldme.no,noone,nobody,nothing一般用于句中表示否定意義Ihavenowatch.Nobodycanhelphim.One不定代詞one指代可數(shù)名詞，既可指人，亦可指物，它可以代替上文中出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。代表復(fù)數(shù)時可以用ones.Herearetwosweaters.Theblueoneishis.Mineistheblackone.Ilikesmallcarsbetterthanlargeones.None通常只用作名詞，在句中作主語、賓語等。意為“沒有任何（人或物”既可指人，亦可指物。None后常跟of短語，其后用復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。Noneofthemknowstheanswertothequestion.Both,allBoth指兩個人、物或群體，all指三個以上的人、物或群體或泛指一切事物。Myparentsarebothteacher.Allofmyfriendsarefootballfans.Every,eachEach一般用于指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，側(cè)重個別，every用于指三個或三個以上的人或物，側(cè)重全體。而且each所指對象在上下文中已十分明確。另外，each和every均常用于修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。Every還可以構(gòu)成復(fù)合代詞everyone,everybody,everything.Eachchildgetsoneapple.Everystudentwenttothepark.Other,anotherOther具有名詞和形容詞性質(zhì)，既可指人，也可指物。Other常與定冠詞the連用。不定冠詞an與other連用則組成another.Other:只作形容詞或代詞（不可單獨作代詞用），表示“其他的，別的”。Haveyouanyotherquestions?Theother:作形容詞或代詞，特指另一個或另一部分，也指兩者中或兩部分的另一個或另一部分Oneofmysocksishere,theotherisinthebed.Others:others=other+名詞，泛指“別的人或物”僅有名詞性用法，表示“另一些，別的（人或物）”。Hereare10oranges.Fiveofthemaremine,theothersareyours.Another:作形容詞或代詞，泛指三個或三個以上不定數(shù)目中的“另一個，類似的一個“。Idon,twantthispairofshoes,pleaseshowmeanother.Either,neitherEither指“兩者中的任何一個"，neither指"兩者中無一”，具有否定意義。他們在句中可作主語、賓語，表示單數(shù)概念，作主語時謂語動詞必須用單數(shù)形式，后常跟of短語。Eitherofhishandisabletowriteverywell.Neitherofthebooksisgood.Many,much,mostMany和much具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、賓語、定語等，都表示“許多”、“大量”。Much一般只能指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞，many只能指代或修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。Most指“大部分、大多數(shù)”。Many(ofthe)boysaregoodatfootball.Wehavemuchhomeworktodoeveryday.Mostpeoplethinkso.(a)few,(a)littleafew和alittle是一對用作表數(shù)量的不定代詞的固定詞組。它們具有名詞和形容詞性質(zhì)，在句中可用作主語、賓語、定語等。意思是“少數(shù)、少量”，其意義是肯定的。Afew指代或修飾復(fù)數(shù)形式的可數(shù)名詞，alittle指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Few和little與afew和alittle的用法基本相同，但具有否定意義，意思是“幾乎一點沒有”。Myaunthasafewfriends,butshehasfewgoodfriends.Thereislittletimeleft,hurryup! 、 … .代詞用法練習(xí)題一、選詞填空1、Thesearepensandarepencils.(that,this,those)2、Tomwassickyesterday.iswhyhemissedschool.(That,Those,These)3、WhichofshirtsareTom's(These,this,that)4、Thisdeskismine,ishers.(those,this,that)5、ThemapofBeijingisbetterthanofTianjing.(this,that,these)6、(He,Her,His)maneisJack..(She,He,His)isacook.7、(I,My,Mine)auntisanurse.(She,He.Her)worksveryhard.8、Pleaseshow(me,I,mine)theway.9、Thebooksaren't(my,mine,I).(They,It,Its)maybe(her,hers,your)10、Let(I,me,mine)tell(her,she,hers)howtodoit.11、Help(you,your,yourself)tosomefish,please.12、Don'ttell(he,him,his)theanswer.(I,Me,Us)believethat(he,him,his)canworkouttheproblem(he,himself,him)13、It'sgoingtosnow,"theoldwomansaito.(her,herself,hers)14、Theladyunderthetreeis(mine,my,me)aunt.(She,Her,Herself)oftensingsEnglishsongswith(her,hers,she)husband.15、Afriendof(me,my,mine)cametohelp(I,me,mine)with(mine,my,I)homeworkyesterdayafternoon.16、Becarefulnottomake(you,your,yourself)dirty.二、用人稱代詞，物主代詞，指示代詞和反身代詞填空1、Chinaisourmotherland.isadevelopingcountry.Weallloveverymuch.2、is9o'clocknow.Letstartourwork.3、wasafinedayyesterday.Theboyswereenjoyinginthepark.4、Thankyouverymuchforhelp.5、"Youlikethemagazine,don't?""Well,can'tsayIlike."6、Mr.Whiteisagoodteacher.Wemustlearnfrom.7、"IsTomoverthere""Yes,That's".8、"Whois,please"Tomansweredthephone."isAnnespeaking."9、"Arethesebooksyours""No,arenot.TheyareTom's."10、Everyonetookplaceinthemeetingroom.11、"Pleaseopenbooksandreadafter",theteachersaidtothestudents.12、MrsBlacktoldusthatAustraliawasmotherlandandshewoulddobestforit.13、Thestudentshaveadeeploveforhomeland.14、Welentthemmagazinesandtheylentto.15、Pleasehelptosomeapples,ladies.三、選擇填空()1.Everyoneshoulddobest.A.itsB.onesC.hisD.their( )2.isaclosefriendof.A.She,mineB.Her,mine,C.She,myD.Hers,my( )3.Youcannotfinishthework.Lethelpyou.A.youself,meB.yourself,mineC.youselves,meD.yourself,me( )4.workisheavy,butisheavierthan.A.Our,their,ourB.Our,theirs,oursC.Ours,theirs,ourD.Our,their,ours( )5.Pleasetakegoodcareof.A.youB.youselfC.yourselfD.myself( )6.Ourteacheraskedustoenjoyduringthesummerholidays.A.usB.oursC.weD.ourselves( )7.Healwaysthinksofothersandneverthinksof.A.himB.usC.hisD.himself( )8.Musicmakesrelaxing.A.usB.oursC.weD.he( )9.What'sTom'sphonenumberphonenumberis81826753.A.He'sB.HisC.HeD.Her( )10.WhereisyourhomeworkIcan'tfindanywhere.A.youB.yourC.yoursD.yourself( )11.Thoughitrainedheavily,werestillplayingontheplayground.A.theyB.themC.theirD.themselves( )12Tomandwillgotoseeourteacher,forisill.A.I;-she.B.me;sheC.I;herD.me;her( )13Isaboyorgirl?A.sheB.heC.oneD.it( )14Onlyknowit.A.IandheB.heandyouC.heandID.Iandyou( )15Isawplayinginthestreetatthattime.A.themB.theyC.theirD.theirs( )16.Jimwillgiveashorttalktomorrow.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours( )17.Pleaseasknottoskateonthethinice.A.theyB.themC.theirD.theirs( )18.Thepenishers.Passitto,please.A.herB.sheC.hersD.herself( )19.Letmegoandgivethecoatto.A.heB.hisC.himselfD.him( )20.Theyaskedtodothework.A.you,heandIB.you,himandmeC.I,youandheD.me,youandhim四句型轉(zhuǎn)換Jimgavemeapenlastweek.Thewomanwasmakingaphonecall.That,sTom’ssweater.Tina,sbrotherjoinedthearmy.Hesaidnothing.五用不定代詞完成下列各句Thereisn,tchalkintheclassroom.Pleasegetforme.Ifyouhavequestions,pleaseputupyourhands.JimlentmetwoEnglishbooks,butofthemiseasyenoughforme.Thetrousersaretoolong.Wouldyoupleaseshowmepair?Lastweektheyplantedalotofflowersonsideoftheroad.Theboyisstandingwithhandsinthepockets.Theyhavegotreadyforthefootballmatch.Lilylooksunhappy,musthavehappenedtoher.hastakenmymathsbookbymistake.MissGaowantstoteachhispupilheknows.-Howmanystudentscanyouseeintheclassroom?--Icansee.shouldt