山東省淄博市張橋中學(xué)2021年高三英語下學(xué)期期末試題含解析

山東省淄博市張橋中學(xué)2021年高三英語下學(xué)期期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.Althoughtheworkingmotherisverybusy,shestill_______alotoftimetoherchildren.

A.spends

B.offers

C.devotes

D.provide參考答案：C2.語音知識(共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分)）從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，找出其畫線部分與所給單詞的畫線部分讀音相同的選項(xiàng)。1．count

A．moustache

B．country

C．route

D．downstairs

2．bank

A．winter

B．pencil

C．a(chǎn)nxious

D．dance

3．vase

A．balance

B．candle

C．command

D．value

4．batheA.faith

B.cloth

C.maths

D.smooth

5．honest

A．holiday

B．human

C．exhibition

D．horrible參考答案：DCCDC略3.Itwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillage_______thehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.A.where

B.that

C.when

D.which參考答案：B.解析：本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。迷惑點(diǎn)在于強(qiáng)調(diào)部分中含有一個(gè)定語從句thatshehadboughtinthevillage。4.Duringmyfirstyearabroad,IwassobusystudyingandmeetingnewpeoplethatIdidnotphonemyparentsasoftenasI_______.A.should

B.would

C.shouldhave

D.wouldhave參考答案：C5.---SeemsthatJackisveryrich.Heisalwayschanginghiscars.Whatishe?---______,butIamnotquitesure.A.Somebodyofamanager

B.SomethingofamanagerC.Anyoneofamanager D.Anythingofamanager參考答案：B6.ActuallyyoucanmakelearningEnglishaprocess,________youcannotonlylearnmuchknowledgebutalsointerestingcultures.

A.which B.where C.when D.what參考答案：B7.從A、B、C、D中找出其劃線部分與所給單詞的劃線部分讀音相同的選項(xiàng)。1.heightA.receive

B.seize

C.eight

D.either2.refer

A.offer

B.conversation

C.service

D.concert3.society

A.diet

B.relieve

C.belief

D.friend4.clothes

A.cloth

B.mouths

C.worth

D.breath5.shoot

A.foot

B.look

C.food

D.took參考答案：1-5

DCABC略8.

Ihear______boysinyourschoollikeplayingfootballintheirsparetime,thoughotherspreferbasketball.A.quitealot

B.quiteafew

C.quiteabit

D.quitealittle參考答案：B9.It’swidelyknownthatfirstaidis______importantandyoucansavelivesiftherightactionistaken.

A.rarely

B.hardly

C.scarcely

D.terribly參考答案：D10.一WhichofthoseEnglish-Chinesedictionariesdoyoulikemost?一

．Theyarebothexpensiveandoflittleuse．

A．None

B．Neither

C．All

D．Both參考答案：A11.——Whyareyouconsideringleavingthecompany?——BecausewhateverIdonever______myboss.A.satisfies

B.fits

C.meets

D.reminds參考答案：A

12.Itis_______tospendmoneyonpreventingillnessesbypromotinghealthylivingratherthanspendingittryingtomakepeople________aftertheyareill.A.good;good B.well;better

C.better;better

D.better;good參考答案：C13.Youhaveagiftforart.______youdoyourbest,youaresuretocreatefineartworks.A. Assoonas B.Evenif C.Incase D.Aslongas 參考答案：D14.Ican’tbelievethatanyoneelseintheschoolcanswimasfastasyou,________?A.canI

B.can'tthey

C.can'tyou

D.canthey參考答案：D略15.-----Won’tyoustayhereforlunch?

-----No,thanks.I______mymumatthestationat10:30.A.

ammeeting

B.havemet

C.meet

D.met參考答案：A16.Thiskindofsocialphenomenoncouldexistonlyforafewmonths，butitwilldisappear_____．A．innotime

B．onthetime C．a(chǎn)tatime

D．a(chǎn)tonetime參考答案：A二、填空17.IsHothouseEarthAvoidable?Nearly50yearsago,theClubofRome’sreport“LimitstoGrowth”warnedthatifeconomicgrowthcontinuedfastwithoutregardfortheenvironment,theworldcouldfaceecologicalandeconomiccollapseinthetwenty-firstcentury.Yetthatisessentially___21___hashappened.AsnewresearchfortheClubofRomeshows—andthelatestreportfromtheUnitedNationsIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)states—theworld___22___wellbeheadedtowardsdisaster.Manywrongly___23___(interpret)the“LimitstoGrowth”asanattackonuncontrolledeconomicexpansion.Infact,thereportarguedthat___24___theunlimited-growthpathwaywaschosen,itwouldrequirecomplementarypolicies(includingfunding)___25___(preserve)theplanet’slimitedlife-supportsystems.Thisargument___26___(ignore).Instead,theworldhascontinuedtopursuefastgrowth,withoutregardfortheenvironmentalconsequences.Thishasenabledustomakeenormousprogressinreducingpoverty,increasinglongevity,andincreasingwealth.___27___ithascomeatahighcosttotheformationofthesocietyandtherestorationoftheplanet.Asscientistshaveconclusivelyshown,inthelastdecade,wehaveenteredanewgeologicalera,theAnthropocene,inwhichhumanactivity—inparticular,economicactivity—hasbeenthedominantfactor___28___(influence)Earth’sclimateandenvironment.IntheAnthropocene,ourplanet’slife-supportsystemischangingfasterthanever.Climatechangenowrepresentsaclearandpresentdanger.Ifourplanetbecomesjust2°Cwarmerthanpre-industrialtemperatures,wemaybeplacedirreversiblyonthepathtoward“HothouseEarth”—asituation___29___temperaturesaremanydegreeswarmerthantoday,sealevelsareconsiderablyhigher,andextremeweathereventsare___30___(common)—andmoredestructive—thanever.參考答案：21.what

22.may/might

23.interpreted

24.if

25.topreserve

26.hasbeenignored

27.But

28.influencing

29.where

30.morecommon/commoner本文為說明文。最新報(bào)告表明，如果經(jīng)濟(jì)不考慮環(huán)境因素而繼續(xù)快速增長，世界將在二十一世紀(jì)面臨生態(tài)和經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰，世界很可能會走向?yàn)?zāi)難，為此付出高昂的代價(jià)。如果我們不加限制，那么那時(shí)的氣溫會比今天高出許多，海平面會相當(dāng)高，極端天氣比以往任何時(shí)候都更常見、更具破壞性。【21題詳解】考查表語從句。句意：但這是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。分析句子Yetthatisessentially___1___hashappened.可知，表語從句中缺少主語，根據(jù)上下文的語境可知，要用what。故填what?！?2題詳解】考查固定搭配。may/mightwelldo…為固定搭配，意為“很有可能”。主要用于加強(qiáng)推測的語氣,表示具有較大的可能性。本處是指“世界很可能會走向?yàn)?zāi)難”。故填may/might?！?3題詳解】考查謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)下文的“Infact,thereportarguedthat…waschosen…”可知，本句是用一般過去時(shí)。此處是指“許多人錯(cuò)誤地將‘限制增長’解釋為對不受控制的經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張的攻擊”。故填interpreted?！?4題詳解】考查語境及連接詞。事實(shí)上，報(bào)告認(rèn)為，如果選擇無限增長的路徑，就需要輔助性政策（包括資金）去保護(hù)地球有限的生命支持系統(tǒng)。分析語境可知，此處是一個(gè)假設(shè)，因此要用if?！?5題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：如果選擇無限增長路徑，就需要輔助性政策（包括資金）去保護(hù)地球有限的生命維持系統(tǒng)。require…todo…，為固定搭配，意為“需要…..去做…”，因此本空要用動詞不定式，故填topreserve?！?6題詳解】考查語境。根據(jù)下一句“Instead,theworldhascontinuedtopursuefastgrowth”可此，此處是指“這個(gè)論點(diǎn)一直被忽視”，因此要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語Thisargument與謂語動詞ignore二者是被動關(guān)系，是指論點(diǎn)被忽略，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，故填hasbeenignored?！?7題詳解】考查語境及連詞。句意：這使我們在減少貧困、延長壽命和增加財(cái)富方面取得了巨大進(jìn)展。但它對社會的形成和地球的恢復(fù)付出了高昂的代價(jià)。分析前后兩句可知，兩句的內(nèi)容是轉(zhuǎn)折的，故填But?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語作定語。句意：人類活動，特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)活動，已經(jīng)成為影響地球氣候和環(huán)境的主要因素。分析句子“humanactivity—inparticular,economicactivity—hasbeenthedominantfactor___8___(influence)Earth’sclimateandenvironment”可知，本空在句中作定語，修飾表語factor，而factor與動詞influence二者是主動關(guān)系，故要填influencing?！?9題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我們可能會不可逆轉(zhuǎn)地走在通往“溫室地球”的道路上——那兒的溫度比今天高很多。分析句子可知，本句是定語從句。其中的situation是先行詞，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，因此要填關(guān)系副詞where?！?0題詳解】考查比較級。句意：極端天氣比以往任何時(shí)候都更常見、更具破壞性。根據(jù)最后一句“andmoredestructive—thanever.”可知，此處是用比較級，因此填morecommon/commoner。18.Peopletendtoblametheexternal(外部的)forcewhenbadthingshappenandgivethemselvescreditwhengoodthingsoccur.Forexample,ifyoupassedanexam,theself-servingwouldleadyoutobelievethatitwasbecauseyoustudiedhard.Ifyoufailed,ontheotherhand,youmightbelieveitwasbecausetheteacherdidnotexplainthesubjectcorrectly,theclassroomwastoowarmoryourroommatekeptyouupallnightbeforetheexam.Socialpsychologistsdescribethisphenomenonasself-servingbias(自利性偏差).Anumberoffactorshavebeenshowntoinfluencetheself-servingbias.Generally,olderadultsmaketheinternalattribution,thatis,creditthemselveswiththeirsuccess.Menaremorelikelytomaketheexternalattribution,meaningtheytendtoblametheoutsideforcefortheirfailure.Oftenwhenapersonissad,thiskindofbiasmaybeopposite:theywillattributepositiveresultstotheoutsidehelporevenluck,andblamethemselveswhenbadthingshappen.ExpertssuggestthatwhilethisbiasisquitewidespreadinthewesterncultureincludingtheU.S.andCanada,ittendstobemuchlessfrequentintheeasterncultureincludingChinaandJapan.Why?IndividualistculturessuchastheU.S.placegreaterstressonthepersonalachievementandself-respect,soprotectingtheselffromfeelingsoffailureismoreimportant.Collectivistcultures,ontheotherhand,aremorelikelytoattributethepersonalsuccesstoluckandfailuretothelackoftalent.However,therearesomesituationswheretheself-servingbiashappenslessoften.Someresearchhasfoundthatpeopleincloserelationships,whethertheromanticrelationshiporfriendship,tendtobemoremodest.Yourfriendsoryourpartner,inotherwords,wouldremindyouwhenabadsituationmightbepartlybecauseofyourowndoing.Althoughthebiascanmeanavoidthepersonalresponsibilityforone’saction,inmanycases,itisadefensemechanismthatprotectsaperson’sself-respect.Byattributingpositiveeventstopersonalcharacteristics,peoplegetanincreaseinconfidence.Byblamingtheoutsideforceforfailure,peoplemakethemselvesbelievetheydon’tneedtoberesponsibleforthefailureandthusprotecttheirself-respect.Anotheradvantageofthisbiasisthatitleadspeopletopersevereeveninthefaceofdifficultsituations.Anunemployedworkermayfeelmoremotivatedtokeeplookingforworkifheattributeshisunemploymenttoaweakeconomy,forexample,ratherthansomepersonalfailure.Anathletemightfeelmoremotivatedtoperformwellifhebelievesthathisfailureduringapreviouseventistheresultofbadweatherratherthanalackofskill.Self-servingbiasTheconceptoftheself-servingbias?Theself-servingbiasmirrorsacommonphenomenonthatpeoplealwaysattributetheirsuccesstothe(71)

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reasonswhilefailuretotheobjectiveones.Factors(72)

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theself-servingbias?Theself-servingbiasislinkedto(73)

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andsender(性別).?Theself-servingbiasisalsoconnectedwithone’s(74)

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.Forexample,anunhappypersontendstoblamehimselfwhenbadthingshappen.?Different(75)

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backgrounds,whetherindividualistorcollectivist,alsohavemuchtodowiththeself-servingbias.Forexample,whenfacedwithfailure,theformerneedsmore(76)

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whilethelatterneedstobearappropriate(77)

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.?Thebiashappensless(78)

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whenpeopleareincloserelationships.Advantagesoftheself-servingbias?Thebiashelpsinprotectingaperson’sself-respectbyincreasinghisconfidenceand(79)

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himfromthepersonalresponsibilityforthefuture.?Thebiasprovidespeoplewithessential(80)

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,whichhelpsthemkeepstruggling.參考答案：71.subjective72.influencing/affecting/impacting73.age74.mood/emotion(s)/tection/encouragement(s)/comfort(s)77.responsibility78.often/frequently

79.freeing80.motivation三、閱讀理解19.Sometimesyou’llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan’tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou’llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan’texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you’vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe’retheappleofourparents’eyes,andthatourGrandmasthinkwe’regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics.butsometimesit’salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge.itistimeyoubuildapositiveself-imageandlearntoloveyourself.Self-imageisyourownmind’spictureofyourself.Thisimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.Unfortunately,mostoftheseimagesaremorenegativethantheyshouldbe.Thuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-imageandyourwholeworld.Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis,makealistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday.Don’tallowdoubtstooccurinit.Itmightbethatyouareexperiencinganegativeself-imagebecauseyoucan’tmovepastoneflaworweaknessthatyouseeaboutyourself.Well,rollupyoursleevesandmakeachangeofitasyourprimarytask.Ifyouthinkyou’resillybecauseyouaren’tgoodatmath,findatutor.Ifyouthinkyou’reweakbecauseyoucan’trunamile,gettothetrackandpractice.Ifyouthinkyou’redullbecauseyoudon’twearthelatesttrends,buyafewnewclothes.Butremember,justbecauseyouthinkitdoesn’tmeanit’strue.Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeserf-ima