情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(超實(shí)用)

canandcould能力

Icandriveacar.2.許可(may)Youcangohomenow.3.請(qǐng)求CouldIborrowyourbicycle?Yes,youcan.4.

推測(cè)(疑問，否定，表示不相信或懷疑的態(tài)度)Canhebeinthecomputercenter?Susancan’t

havewrittensuchareport.couldhavedone

表示對(duì)過去能做而未做到的事情感到惋惜、遺憾?！氨灸軌蜃鰧?shí)際上沒做”It’sapity.Yourclasscouldhavegotthefirstprize.

mayandmight1.—MayIleavenow?—Yes，youcan/may(No，youmustn’t).2.Mayyousucceedinthecomingnewyear!3.Hemaybeintheclassroom,butI’mnotsure.表示請(qǐng)求或許可。might在語(yǔ)氣上比may更委婉。常用于祈使句，表示祝愿。表示不太把握的推測(cè)，意為“可能，或許”。willandwould請(qǐng)求、建議Will(would)youpleaseopenthedoorforme?2.意志，意愿

Iwillneverdothatagain.Theysaidthattheywouldhelpus.3.Will表傾向，would習(xí)慣動(dòng)作Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Everyevening,shewouldsitbythewindow.wouldhavedone

本來想做某事但卻未做成Iwould(rather)havecometohelpyouwithyourEnglish,butIwastoobusyatthattime.must①Youmustworkhard./Youmustn’tsmokehere.比較：It’slate.Ihavetogonow.時(shí)間晚了,我得走了。(暗含本人并不一定愿意走。)It’slate.Imustgonow.時(shí)間很晚了,我必須走了。(本人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該走了。)—Mustwehandinourexercisebooks?—No，youneedn’t／don’thaveto.②

Bettymustbeinthenextroom,Icanhearhertalkingthere.③WhymustitrainonSunday?④YoumustcomeandseeuswhenyouareinLondon.Youmustn’tmissthefilm.It’sverygood.表示必要、必須,義務(wù)must常表示主觀看法，說明說話人認(rèn)為有必要。而haveto則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的必要性，說話人認(rèn)為外界使得必須這樣做。must引導(dǎo)的疑問句不可用mustn’t來進(jìn)行否定回答。要用don’thaveto或者needn’t。表固執(zhí),不滿等,常譯為”偏要,硬要”。表示堅(jiān)定的建議,常用于肯定句或者否定句,譯為”一定要,千萬要”表推測(cè)

musthavedone

表示對(duì)過去某事的肯定猜測(cè)，譯為：過去肯定做了某事。不存在mustn’thavedone的形式。

Sincetheroadiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.既然路是濕的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。shall1.shall用在一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示征求意見。ShallI/hecomeinnow?shall用于二、三人稱的陳述句中，（法律用語(yǔ)）表示義務(wù)，警告，命令，允諾,強(qiáng)制。Youshan’thavemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.(警告)“Theinterestshallbedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.（強(qiáng)制）should1.應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)Youshouldworkhard.2.根據(jù)一定道理推測(cè)Thereareplentyofhotels.Thereshouldn’tbeanydifficultyforyoutofindonetostay.3.竟然Heshouldspeaktohismotherlikethis.4.萬一Iwilltakeanumbrellaincaseitshouldrain.shouldhavedone本應(yīng)該做，實(shí)際上卻沒做Youshouldhavebeenmorecareful.Youshouldn’thaveleftwithoutaword.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedonesth.只表對(duì)過去事實(shí)的推測(cè)只表虛擬語(yǔ)氣can,may,must+havedoneshould,oughtto,would,needn’t+havedonecould,might+havedone既可表虛擬又可表推測(cè)1.Thegroundisratherwet,soit________haverainedlastnight.2.Tom______havegonetoShanghai,butI’mstillnotsureaboutit.3.Thegroundisverydry,soit_______haverainedlastnight.4.Someonemusthavebrokenintoourbedroom.Who________havedoneit?5.IreallyregrettedwastingthehourswhenI________havestudiedhard,butitwastoolate.mustmaycan’tcouldshould6.Yourhomeisnotfarfromyourschool,soyou_________haveleftinsuchahurrythen.7.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_________remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.8.I’mverysorryforthewords.I_______havesaidtoyouatthatmoment.9.---IpaidavisittoNewYorklastmonthandwestayedatanicehotel.---Oh,you________havestayedwithBarbara.Sheisalways

willingtodoyouafavour.shouldn’tcouldneedn’tshall1.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryone_______getout.A.wereabletoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.could2.You______returnthebooknow,youcankeepituntilnextweekifyoulike.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot3.Whenhewasthere,he______gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might4.---CouldIuseyourbike?—Yes,ofcourseyou_____.A.mightB.willC.canD.shouldCCAC5.----Willyoustayforlunch?----Sorry,_______.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Ioughtn’ttoB.Ican’tC.Ineedn’tD.Ishouldn’t6.----______IinviteJacktotheparty?-----Yes,it’llbeniceifyou______.A.Will;mayB.Shall;willC.Shall;shallD.Will;will7.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It______acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeenBBD8.We______lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudiedD.wouldstudy9.Therewasplentyoftime.She_____.A.mustn’thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurriedC.mustn’thurryD.needn’thavehurried10.Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwiseshe_____somethingshewouldregretlater.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaidCDD11.----Didyouscoldhimforhismistake?----Yes,but______it.A.I’drathernotdoB.I’dbetternotdoC.I’dbetternothavedoneD.I’drathernothavedoneDThankyou虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示說話人的愿望,假設(shè),猜測(cè)或建議,而不是表示客觀存在的事實(shí).語(yǔ)氣的分類：陳述語(yǔ)氣：用來敘述一件事實(shí)。祈使語(yǔ)氣：表達(dá)說話人的請(qǐng)求或命令。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種句式中的用法:(一)用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句1、真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句真實(shí)條件句：IfIhavetime,Ishall(will)gotoseeyou.Ifyoumove,I’llshootyou.虛擬條件句:IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.IfIwereastudent,Iwoulddoit.

從句

主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞動(dòng)詞的過去式或should/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形wouldshould/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法eg.IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhehadtime,hewouldattendthemeeting.Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitwereto/shouldraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.注意：（1）當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整。(混合時(shí)間條件句)eg.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.（從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在）（2）從句省略if,用倒裝句式“were,had,should+主語(yǔ)”eg.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.(二)幾種常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型:

句型動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式

1.動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)從句一個(gè)堅(jiān)持:insist

堅(jiān)持(應(yīng)該/做…)兩個(gè)命令:order,command三個(gè)建議:suggest,propose,advise,recommend四個(gè)要求:desire,demand,request,require賓語(yǔ)從句中用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形2.與上述動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞如：suggestion,requirement,order,proposal,plan,idea,command,request等后接的表語(yǔ)從句/同位語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句中用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形(二)幾種常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型:

句型動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式

3.Itis/was+上述動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(suggested,demanded等）+that主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句中用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)從句中用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形4.Itis/was+adj./n.如：important,necessary,natural,possible,strange,apity/ashame,nowonder,desirable注意:insist作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，“堅(jiān)持說”解，suggest表示“表明”，“暗示”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。eg.Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.Weinsistedthatshe(should)gowithus.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andherparentssuggestedthatshehaveamedicalexamination.(三）wish,wouldrather

引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

從句

動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:過去式2.與過去事實(shí)相反:had+過去分詞3.與將來事實(shí)相反:would+動(dòng)詞原形wouldrather引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句1.描述現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r：過去式2.描述過去情況：had+過去分詞eg.IwishIhadbeenthereyesterday.Iwouldratheryouwentwithme.Iwouldratheryouhadnotbeentoldaboutthat.(四)asif/though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句注：asif/though

表示“有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)”時(shí)，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。eg.Itissocloudy.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.

從句

動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式asif/though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:過去式2.與過去事實(shí)相反:had+過去分詞3.與將來事實(shí)相反:would+動(dòng)詞原形（五）Itistimethat…句式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式

句型

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式Itis(high)time(that)…動(dòng)詞過去式（be多用were）或should+動(dòng)詞原形(不能省)eg.It’stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.went(六)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中eg.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.我要是聽他的話就好了。IfonlyIwereabird!Ifonly+主+過去完成（與過去相反）過去式（與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾矗ㄆ撸┨摂M語(yǔ)氣在簡(jiǎn)單句中的應(yīng)