高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專題復(fù)習(xí)II

ReadingComprehension(II)2014屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)之近年主要考查考生的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，即使用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際的能力。其中閱讀是以篇章為載體，考查考生的通過(guò)閱讀獲取信息的能力，是高考試題中的主要內(nèi)容之一，也是獲取高分的關(guān)鍵。高考大綱解讀閱讀理解考查的要求文章的主旨要意(mainidea)猜測(cè)生詞的詞義(wordmeanings)文章的具體信息（事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)）(specificdetails)推理判斷(judgmentsandinference)文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)(passagestructure)Howtogetthedetails?事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題Questionforms:Usualtypes:When；where;why;how;who…Commonsentencepatterns1、特殊疑問(wèn)句式。

以what,who,where,when,which,howmuch/many等引出問(wèn)題；2、是非題。

通常以true/false,nottrue/false提問(wèn)以及以accordingtothetext開頭；Whichofthefollowingistrueexcept…?Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept…Whichofthefollowingistrue?Whichofthefollowingistrue／false？

*3、填空題。

通常涉及與主題有關(guān)的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)；

1、Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?2、Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.*4、就文中數(shù)字、排序、識(shí)圖等提問(wèn)。這類題型的題干常為：1)When/Wheredidthestoryhappen?2)Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)correct?(三正一誤或三誤一正_)3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)mentionedinthepassage?4)Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?5)Allthestatementsaretrueexcept.

題干設(shè)計(jì)常常避開文中所用的詞匯，而用其同義詞、近義詞或反義詞設(shè)題。設(shè)題特點(diǎn)：解題技巧與策略第一步：略讀題干(Skimming)首先，快速瀏覽每道試題的題干(即問(wèn)題)。第二步：通讀全文(Scanning)

瀏覽了題干與選項(xiàng)之后，要帶著“問(wèn)題”通讀全文。第三步：研讀攻關(guān)(Close-reading)

注意對(duì)信息進(jìn)行綜合分析，分清主次、真?zhèn)?，避免受信息的干擾，陷入高考題所設(shè)下的“陷阱”，學(xué)會(huì)“排除”干擾項(xiàng)。

(NewYork)AFrenchtouristhighlypraisedforrescuingatwo-year-oldgirlinManhattansaidhedidn’tthinktwicebeforedivingintothefreezingEastRiver.Tuesday’sDailyNewssaid29-year-oldJulienDuretfromFranceisthemanwholeftthespotquicklyaftertherescuelastSunday.HeliftedthelittlegirloutofwateraftershefelloffthebankattheSouthStreetSeaportmuseum.Hehandedthegirltoherfather,DavidAnderson,whohaddivedinafterhim.Readingmaterial1Q:WhodivedafterDuretintotherivertosavethelittlegirl?

A.DavidAndersonB.Apasser-byC.HisgirlfriendD.Ataxidriver題干是問(wèn)誰(shuí)在Duret之后跳進(jìn)河里救人，可以以dive為線索找到原文的Hehandedthegirltoherfather，DavidAnderson，whohaddivedinafterhim，故可知答案是DavidAnderson。1wh-細(xì)節(jié)題

語(yǔ)篇解讀：本篇文章為說(shuō)明文。說(shuō)明了什么是食物中毒以及它常見的癥狀，導(dǎo)致食物中毒的原因，如何正確處理食物以減少中毒的可能，最后說(shuō)明了食物中毒并不可怕，只要休息幾天或多喝開水即可痊愈。Readingmaterial2Readingmaterial2

Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.

Fever

isoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.第一段____________________________________________Q

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.以偏概全三正一誤2是非題Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.

Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1℃.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows……CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAYBaby750Officeworker2,700Childaged82,100Womanfeedingbaby2,700Manover702,100Boyaged163,000Woman3,600Farmer2,600Readingmaterial3

Q1)____caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35℃to90℃.

A.55B.175C.325D.275

Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.

Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.文章【解析】答案為D

。根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，計(jì)算公式為：(90-35)×5×1=2753計(jì)算題根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗(yàn)證A、B、C、D四個(gè)答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很容易找出C符合圖表內(nèi)容。4圖表題Backinthefifteenthcentury,inatinyvillagenearNuremberg,livedafamilywitheighteenchildren．Inspiteofthehopelesscondition,twoofthechildren,AlbrechtDurerandAlbert,hadadream．Theybothwantedtopursuetheirtalentforart．Aftermanylongdiscussions,thetwoboysfinallyworkedoutanagreement．Theywouldtossacoin．Theloserwouldgodownintothenearbyminesand,withhisearnings,supporthisbrotherwhoattendedtheacademy．Then,whenthatbrotherwhowonthetosscompletedhisstudies,infouryears,hewouldsupporttheotherbrotherattheacademy．Tossingacoin,AlbrechtDurerwonandwentofftoNuremberg．Albertwentdownintothedangerousminesand,forthenextfouryears,supportedhisbrother,whoseworkattheacademywasalmostanimmediatesensation（轟動(dòng)）．Bythetimehegraduated,hehadearnedconsiderablefeesforhisoutstandingworks．Whentheyoungartistreturnedtohisvillage,theDurerfamilyheldafestivedinnertocelebratelbrecht’striumphant（勝利的）homecoming．Albrechtdrankatoasttohisbelovedbrotherfortheyearsofsacrificethathadenabledhimtocompletehisdream．“Andnow,Albert,blessedbrotherofmine,nowitisyourturn．NowyoucangotoNurembergtolookforyourdream,andIwilltakecareofyou．”……ToshowthankstoAlbertforallthathehadsacrificed,AlbrechtDurerpainstakinglydrewhisbrother’sinjuredhandswithpalmstogetherandthinfingersstretchedskyward．Hecalledhispowerfuldrawingsimply“Hands”,buttheentireworldalmostimmediatelyopenedtheirheartstohisgreatmasterpieceandrenamedit“ThePrayingHands”．Readingmaterial4

Q1Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofthestory？a．AlbrechtwenttoNuremberg．b．Albertsupportedhisbrother．c．TheDurerfamilyheldafestivedinned．Albrechtdrewhisbrother’sinjuredhands．e．Thebrotherstossedacoin．

A．b,a,c,d,e

B．a(chǎn),e,c,d,b

C．e,a,c,b,d

D．e,a,b,c,d________________________________________________解題思路：

先找出最早的一個(gè)時(shí)間和事件，把它作為事件發(fā)生的具體點(diǎn)，然后用排除法將范圍一一縮小，從而快速地選出正確答案5排序題細(xì)節(jié)題類型1

wh細(xì)節(jié)題2是非題3計(jì)算題4圖表題

5排序題

6其它題summary

有時(shí)命題者故弄玄虛，在選項(xiàng)中加些夸大其詞的說(shuō)法，把“大約”說(shuō)成“絕對(duì)，肯定”(要留意選項(xiàng)中諸如all,

absolutely,

only,

never,

completely,definitely等詞)，把抽象說(shuō)成具體，或者把人名、地名、時(shí)間等張冠李戴，誤串起來(lái)，從而構(gòu)成形是實(shí)非的干擾項(xiàng)。注意“陷阱”：____________明顯不是文章的信息，與文中事實(shí)相反或不符干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)與概括:(事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的考點(diǎn))正誤并存擴(kuò)大(縮小)范圍偷換概念以偏概全無(wú)中生有_____________信息部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤______________是原文信息，但故意增加或減少細(xì)節(jié)______________符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容_____________與原句的內(nèi)容極為相似，但在程度、態(tài)度、褒貶色彩上有變動(dòng)______________是原文信息，但不是題干要求的內(nèi)容答非所問(wèn)1，比較處?？?，因果關(guān)系處?？?，轉(zhuǎn)折處?？?，引言處?？?，列舉處?？汲？疾槲恢茫菏聦?shí)細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧

1.若針對(duì)特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),舉例子,名人名言出題,只需要閱讀符號(hào)，例子,名言前后的內(nèi)容，然后與選項(xiàng)核對(duì)。2.在出現(xiàn)一些關(guān)鍵詞，如however、but、moreover、therefore、thus時(shí)，要特別注意句子前后意義的轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)，因果等關(guān)系。3.細(xì)節(jié)題的答案一般是同義替換項(xiàng)或者同義轉(zhuǎn)換項(xiàng)

summary4.選項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的一般不是答案。如：must,never,themost,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,completely,none,等。但不是絕對(duì)，也有例外。5.注意選項(xiàng)中的副詞，形容詞和介詞短語(yǔ)等與原文是否一致。如：must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,moreorless,likely,all,never，few等存在程度不同，經(jīng)常被偷換，往往被忽視。6.細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：與原文內(nèi)容相反；與原文內(nèi)容一半相符，一半不同；敘述過(guò)于絕對(duì)化；原文沒有提及.

&Practicemakesperfect!

Nowayintheworldisthebestbutyours.2011A26

Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.

But

Ihavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.

Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthat

itmakesthemhappy.第一段細(xì)節(jié)歸納__________________________________________itmakesthemhappy2011A27

Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,

but

sometimes

IfeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydon’tgettoseethissoftsideofothers.Often,wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe’rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat’sinthem.第二段_