初三非謂語動詞專題

學習好資料歡迎下載非謂語動詞專題一.非謂動詞概述：非謂語動詞，即在句子中不作謂語的動詞，其具體形式分：不定式，動名詞，分詞三種。二.非謂語動詞的共性特征：.沒有單、復數(shù)變化和人稱變化（因為不作謂語）；.仍然具有動詞本身的特點：可以帶賓語、狀語；可以有自己的時態(tài)、（被動）語態(tài)變化；可以構(gòu)成非謂語動詞短語（即不定式短語、動名詞短語、分詞短語）。.非謂語動詞的否定形式：其結(jié)構(gòu)形式無論是單一結(jié)構(gòu)還是復合結(jié)構(gòu)，都在其前面直接加not形成。例如：Notknowingarightaddress,hecouldn,tfindhisfriend,shome.I’msosorrynottohavetoldyouabouthimalittleearlier.Notswimmingintheriverinsummerisgoodforyou..非謂語動詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)（即邏輯主謂關系）：It,sveryimportantformetolearnEnglishwellnow.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow,please?Therebeingnoclassestoday,wedon,tgotoschool.Becausetherearenoclassestoday, 三.非謂語動詞的差異性：動詞不定式的用法（重點）1、結(jié)構(gòu)及特征：動詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動詞原形”，有時可以不帶to。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語，但可以擔任除謂語外的任何成分一主語、表語、賓語、狀語和賓語補足語，所以我們又稱之為非謂語形式。動詞不定式仍保留動詞的特點，即它可以有自己的賓語和狀語。不定式的語態(tài)被動語態(tài)tobedone被動語態(tài)tobedonetohavebeendone一般式 todo完成式 tohavedone進行式 tobedoing不定式時態(tài)一般時態(tài)Ihopetoseeyouagain.（有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之后）完成 Iamsorrytohavemadesomanymistakes.（動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動詞前）進行Heseemstobeeatingsomething.（表示動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生）2、動詞不定式的用法：動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語。1）作主語

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載例如：TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.［說明］動詞不定式作主語時，往往用it作形式主語，這種句型可歸納為下面的句型：Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.當形容詞表示事物的特征，特點或客觀形式，常見的形容詞有easy,hard,interestingItishardforhimtostudytwolanguages.Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth 形容詞表示性格，品德或表示主觀感情goodnicekindcleverItisveryniceofyoutohelpme.2）作表語 Mywishistobecomeateacher.be動詞之后，形成表語，常用來表示預定要發(fā)生的動作，也可用來表示未來的可能性和假設3）作賓語只可用不定式作賓語的動詞askhopehelppromiselearnDoyouhopetogofishingwithme?既可接不定式也可以接動名詞rememberforgetlikeneedstoptrystartbeginpermitlove/goon/Istoptorun.我停下來開始跑Istoprunning.我停下來不跑了。it作形式賓語Doyouthinkitbettertosayitinthisway?4）作賓語補足語1）不定式作賓補askteachallowinvitetellwantpreferordergetfeelhearthinkseeexpectencourageTheteachertoldhimnottobelatenexttime.2）使役動詞省略to letmakehaveShehadthestudentsworkouttheproblem.Couldyouhelpme（to）closethewindow?5）作定語Ihavealotofworktodo.表示未發(fā)生的動作Canyoubringmeachairtosit?Heneedssomeonetohelphimwithhiswork.6）作狀語 Hestoppedtohavealook.［說明］動詞不定式的否定形式：not+to+動詞原形構(gòu)成例如：Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.3、不定式的否定形式： Tellhimnottoshutthewindow...4、動詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞who,what,which和疑問副詞when,where,how,why等后面可以按動詞不定式，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。例如：（1）Hedoesn,tknowhowtousethemachine.（不定式作賓語）Howtousethemachineisaquestion. （不定式作主語）Thequestioniswhentogothere. （不定式作表語）5、省to的動詞不定式1）使役動詞let,have,make：2）感官動詞see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補，省略to。注意：在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。A.Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載B.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3)wouldrather,hadbetter+do,wouldyouplease,ratherthan【難點】6、不定式的特殊句型：1)too...to...：太…而不能…so/such+adj/adv+asto+v(表結(jié)果)Hisfatherwassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2)enoughtodo：足以做…Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.3)Whynot+動詞原形”表達向某人提出建議，翻譯為：”為什么不……?"Whynottakeaholiday?4)soas(not)todo:inordertodoonlytodotodo(表示目的)DavidcametoChinatostudyChinese.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.5)用作介詞的“to"：lookforwardto渴望；payattentionto注意；devoteoneselfto獻身于；be/getusedto習慣等等。動名詞的用法1.形式一般式完成式1.形式一般式完成式主動式doinghavingdone被動式beingdone

havingbeendone一般時態(tài) Doyoumindmysmokinghere?（動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之后或者兩個動作同時發(fā)生）完成時態(tài) Iregretnothavingstudiedhard.（動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前）.在下面兩種句型中，只能用動名詞There+be+no+動名詞Thereisnogettingalongwithhim.Itis+nouse/good/fun/nice+動名詞ItisnouselearningEnglishwithoutspeaking..只可以接動名詞的動詞或者動詞短語dislikeadmitenjoydenymindmissriskfinishavoidconsiderexcusesuggestpracticebeworthkeeponcannothelpgiveupputoffleaveoffleadto比較：1）共同點：動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和動詞的4ng形式都被稱之為非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，因此它們一般都可以放在句中除了謂語之外的其他位置。2）區(qū)別①動詞不定式的基本含義是表示謂語動詞后面的動作還未發(fā)生，此外，若謂語動詞后面的動作發(fā)生過了也用不定式，而-ing分詞的基本含義一般則表示動作正在發(fā)生或進行。②動名詞的基本用法是該結(jié)構(gòu)用在及物動詞或介詞之后構(gòu)成動賓短語或介賓短語。3）接不定式或動名詞，意義相同：

學習好資料歡迎下載begintodostarttodocontinuetodobegindoingstartdoingcontinuedoing學習好資料歡迎下載begintodostarttodocontinuetodobegindoingstartdoingcontinuedoingstopdoingforgetdoingrememberdoingtrydoinggoondoingbeafraiddoing4）動名詞與不定式語義不同：stopdoingforgetdoingrememberdoingtrydoinggoondoingbeafraiddoingstoptodoforgettodoremembertodotrytodogoontodobeafraidtodo分詞的用法.現(xiàn)在分詞(doing/havingdone)和過去分詞(done).現(xiàn)在分詞的用法.用作謂語的一部分，和助動詞一起構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)Whatareyoudoingnow?.作定語1)所修飾名詞正在進行的動作 Theboystandinghereisoneofmyclassmates.2)所修飾名詞的特征和性質(zhì)Donoreadinamovingcar..作表語，表示主語的特征和性質(zhì) Thestoryisinteresting..作賓語補足語(seewatchnoticehearfindgetkeep等)Weheardhersinginginherroom.3.過去分詞的用法過去分詞一般表示完成的或者被動的動作.用作謂語的一部分，和助動詞一起構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)或者被動語態(tài)Wehavebeenfriendsformanyyears.Hislegwasbrokeninanaccident..作定語 Thereisabrokencuponthetable.Thisisoneofthefactoriesbuiltinthe1960s.過去分詞作定語時放在名詞前，過去分詞短語作定語時放在名詞后面.作表語 Thecupisbroken..作賓語補足語Imusthavemybikerepaired.注意，現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞，形態(tài)上完全相同，動詞加上ing 但是兩者有一個本質(zhì)的區(qū)別，現(xiàn)在分詞起形容詞和副詞的作用，而動名詞起名詞的作用。Thedancingboyisme.Ienjoydancing.三、【考點詮釋】1、考查非謂語動詞用作主語不定式或動名詞用作主語，而分詞不能擔任句子中的主語。D.ofyou【考例】It'sverynice picturesforme.［天津］D.ofyouA.ofyoutodraw B.foryoutodraw C.foryoudrawingdrawing2、考查非謂語動詞用作賓語【考例】一It'sabitcoldWouldyoumindmyallthewindows?

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載一Doasyoulike,please.［07淄博市］A.close Bwillclose C.closing D.tocloseMaryandIenjoybadminton［07黔嶺東南州］A.toplay Bplaying C.played--Sohotintheclassroom.Wouldyoumindthewindows? 0K.I'lldoitrightnow.［黃岡市］A.notclosing Bnotopening Cclosing D.opening---Mr.Wang,Ihavetroublethetext.一Rememberitthreetimesatleast.［威海市］A.tounderstand；reading Bunderstanding；readingCunderstanding；toread D.tounderstand；toreadatnight.--Howareyoufeelinghere?--It'squitehot.Idon'tknow togoorstay.［武漢］A.how B.when C.whether D.whereManypeoplethinkit'sveryimportant uslearnEnglishwell.［貴陽］A.for,to B.to,to C.with,forThemenuhassomanygoodthings!Ican,tdecide用可北］A.whattoeat B.howtoeat C.wheretoeat D.whentoeat---MydadboughtmeanewMP4,butIdon,tknow.---Let,sreadtheinstructions.［河南課改試驗區(qū)］A.whattouse B.whichonetouse C.howtouseit D.whentouseitIttookmydaughtertwoweeksthenovelsbyYandHongying.濰坊］A.read;written B.toread;writtenC.reading;towriteD.toread;wroteDriversarewarnedwhentheyaretired［佛山］A.todrive B.notdrive C.nottodriveIfyouwanttoknowthemobilephone,you,dbetterreadtheinstructionsfirst.大連］A.howtouse B.howtomake C.wheretomendD.wheretobuyChinawillspendabout52billionyuannewairportsand_oldonesinthewestofChinainthe11thFive-YearPlanperiod時期）.［07臨沂市］A.repairing;buildingBtobuild；repair C.building；repairingD.torepair；build3.studentsshouldpayattentiontotheteacherinclass.［07泰州市］A.hear B1istento Clisteningto Dhearingof3、考查非謂語動詞用作賓語補足語原則上，所有的非謂語動詞形式均可用作賓語補足語，其區(qū)別是：不定式表未來，現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成和被動?！究祭緼liceaskedme anotherbagforher.［北京市課標卷］A.get B.got C.toget D.gettingOurparentsoftentellusnot aloneintheriverinsummer.長沙］A.swim B.toswim C.swimming---Whatdidyoursistersaytoyoulastnight?---Sheaskedmemyfatherhersecret.［紹興］A.totellnot B.nottotell C.don,ttell D.nottellBettyisoftenseentheoldmanwithhishousework.咸寧］

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載A.help B.tohelp C.helped D.helpsTimegoesbysofast.Wemustnevermissthechancetoshowloveforourparentsandmakethemhowmuchtheymeantous.［哈爾濱］A.toknow B.knowing C.know---HowdoyoufeelwhenyouseethenationalflagofChina?---Itmakesusproud.包頭］A.feel B.tofeel C.felt D.feeling4、考查非謂語動詞用作定語【考例】一Shoppingwithme?—Sorry.Ihavealotofclothes .(2004江西省南昌)A.towash B.washed C.wash D.tobewashed5、考查非謂語動詞用作狀語【考例】--Linda,Iamverythirsty.--Let'sgotothenearestsupermarket somedrinks,OK?［重慶］A.buy B.bought C.tobuy D.buyingInorderthewordafriendlyplace,onemustshowafriendlyface.樂山］A.makes B.making C.tomake D.make一Theregoesthebell.一It'stimeforclass.Let'sstop.［福州市］A.talk Btotalk C.talking D.nottalk四.含非謂語動詞的習慣句型：feellikedoingsth.想要做。。。woundlike;wanttodosth.prevent/stop/keepsb.(from)doingsth.godoing結(jié)構(gòu)(目的)：例如，gofishing;goswimming;goshopping bebusydoingsth.忙于做。。。keep(on)doingsth.連續(xù)/老是做。。。beworthdoingsth.。。。值得一做。。。spend…(時間)…doingsth./ take(時間)…todosth.getusedtodoingsth./beusedtodoingsth.習慣于。。。payattentiontodoingsth.注意。。。/重視。。。lookforwardtodoingsth.prefer to 與。。。相比。。。。更喜歡/愛。。。。preferstayingathome.toplayingbasketballprefertostayathomeratherthanplaybasketball.Itwasverykind/nice/cruelofyoutogivemeahandyesterday.It,sveryimportant/usefullforyoutolearnEnglishwellnowremember,forget,stop,begin,start,goon,continue中，后接todo或者doing的含義差另lj很大。例：Shestoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.Shestoppedtotalkwhentheteachercamein.五.非謂語動詞針對性練習：(一).用所給動詞的適當形式填空：Allthestudentsarebusy(get)readyforthecomingmathexam.Therewerenoseatsonthebus,soIkept(stand)onthewayhome.BecauseofmypoorEnglish,I,mafraidIcan,tmakemyself(understand)beforeyou.Ittookmeanhour(finish)(do)myhomeworklastnight.ThetwinspreferwatchingTVto(play)football.

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載InthetownIhaveafriend(call)XiaLi.It,struethatourteacherisoftenheard(sing)inherroom.Thenextdaytheyfoundthehills(cover)withsnow.Willyou(notopen)thewindow,please?AtonceJimjumpedintotheriver(save)thegirl.Ihavetried(make)friendswithher,butsheseemsnottocare.Shekeptme(wait)fornearly40minutes.Toobad.Iremember(tell)herabouthimyesterday,butshedoesn,tthinkso.(work)outtheproblemisanotherquestion.What,sthelanguage(speak)inChina?Iwanttoknowiftheycouldgetit(prepare)beforenextFriday.Isawhim(cross)theroadsafelyand(run)away.Idon,tknowwhere(meet)him.Whatmakesyou(think)I,mafarmer?Ilethim(go)earlyashewanted(meet)hisuncleatthestation.(二).根據(jù)句意改寫句子Theoldmanissooldthathecan'twork.Theoldmanistooold.Idon,tknowhowIcangettotheTVfactory.Idon,tknowtotheTVfactory.Mr.GreenwentbacktoEnglandforaholiday.Mr.GreenwentbacktoEnglandaholiday.MikehopeshecanvisittheGreatWallonday.MikehopestheGreatWalloneday.Doeshesayanythingforhimselfatthemeeting?Doeshehaveanythingforhimselfatthemeeting?Heissostrongthathecancarrytheheavybox.Heisstrongtheheavybox.Hespenttwohoursdoingthework.Ithimtwohoursthework.It,stimeforschool.It,stimeschool.ItseemsthatsheisanEnglishteacher.SheanEnglishteacher.Hisfathersaidtohim,“l(fā)istentotheteachercarefully.”Hisfathertoldhimtheteachercarefully.(三).單項選擇填空:A組：Hefoundithardhisclassmatesatthattime.A.tocatchupwithB.tocatchup C.catchupwithTracycan,tplaythematchnow.Plaeaseinstead.A.haveLilydoit B.makeLilytodoit C.letLilytodoitListen!Canyouhearababyintheroom?A.cry B.tocry C.crying

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載IsawJessietoLucy,shomejustnow.Soshe,snotherenow.A.going B.go C.wentYou,dbetter_tosendmeane-mailwhenyougethome.A.nottoforgetB.don,tforgetC.notforgetWouldyoumindmehowEnglishwords?A.tell,torememberB.telling,torememberC.tell,rememberHewalkedfastforuscatchupwith.A.so,that B.so,to C.too,toTheartistsaidthathehopeddrawingthepicturesoon.A.tofinish B.hissontofinishC.hissonwillfinishSomestudentsfromGrade9dosomefortheold.A.volunteeredto;clean B.volunteered;cleaningC.volunteeredto;cleaning D.volunteered;cleanSorry,Ireallydon,tknowtheclock.A.howshouldImendB.howtomendC.whattomendWhatdoyouthinkisthebestwaythewildanimals?A.protecting B.toprotectC.protected D.protectWhentheywentintothepark,theysawsomeoneChineseKungFu.A.plays B.played C.playingIcan'tsendane-mail.Wouldyoupleaseshowmeit?A.todo B.whattodo C.howtodoJassicapreferredinbedratherthanahorse.A.tolie,ride B.lying,ride C.lie,ridereallyhardhemtoclimbMountQomolangma.A.It,s,of B.Ifs,for C.Thafs,toHeraisedhisvoicetomakeeverybodyintheroom himclearly.A.heard B.hear C.hearingIfyoudon,tfeelwell,youmayjust_.A.stopsreadingB.stoptoread C.stopreadingWehavetwopens ,butIcan,tdecide.A.towritewith,whichonetochoose B.write,whichonetochooseC.towrite,tochoosewhichoneItwasgreatfun apicniconthehill.A.tohave B.ofhaving C.have D.hadWhynot?A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohomeC.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohomeTheyweremade fourteenhoursaday.A.work B.working C.worked D.toworkIsitalwayseasier friendsthantokeepthem?A.making B.make C.tomake D.madeItisbettertoteachamantofishthan himfish.A.giving B.togive C.gives D.gaveWhodoyouthinkyou,dlike ?

A.tomakefriends學習好資料歡迎下載B.makefriendsC.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswithA.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteat單項選擇填空：A.tomakefriends學習好資料歡迎下載B.makefriendsC.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswithA.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteat單項選擇填空：B組：1.Infact,nooneenjoys_ at.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughed25.AlthoughJefflovesKFC,hetriesittoooften.D.nottoeatD.tobelaughedD.tobegivenTheyinsistedonanotherchancetotry.D.tobegivenA.given B.givingC.beinggiven—Whereismypassport?Irememberithere.—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Rememberitwithyouallthetime.A.toput;totakeB.putting;takingC.Putting;totakeD.toput;takingHisroomneeds,sohemusthaveit.A.painting;paintedB.painted;paintingC.painting;paintingD.painted;painted5.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequirewithgreatcare.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof

6.Apolicemansawtwothieves agirl,smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.D.stolenA.tosteal B.stealing C.stoleD.stolenD.tobemissedD.repairedD.tobemissedD.repairedA.missed B.tobemissing C.missingIttooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinishmycar.A.repairing B.repair C.torepairIntheearlymorningshefoundherfatherinbed,dead.A.lying B.lie C.layD.laying10.Now,theclassroomwants atonce.A.clean B.cleaned C.tocleanD.cleaning11.Mr.Wangcameintotheofficewithout thedoor.A.knock B.knockingat C.toknockatD.knockingto12.Mybrotherkeeps mewithmywork.A.tohelp B.help C.helpingD.helped13.Weshouldoftenpractise Englishwitheachother.A.tospeak B.spoke C.speakD.speaking14.Sallyhadnopen yesterdaymorning.A.towrite B.towritewith C.writingD.writingwith15.Thestorywassofunnythatwe.A.couldn'thelplaugh B.can'tbutlaugh16.Whatabout ___totheconcertwithus?A.wego17. cleanisB.wegoing C.goingasafeguardagainstdisease.D.togoA.Tobekeeping18.Seeingis B.Kept__.C.KeepD.KeepingA.tobelieveB.believingC.believedD.beingbelievedC.couldn'thelplaughingD.couldn'thelpbuttolaugh

學習好資料歡迎下載A.goingonvacationC.begoingonvacation23.Thefoodwasdelicious.ThatwasaB.goonvacationD.havegoneonvacation meal.學習好資料歡迎下載A.goingonvacationC.begoingonvacation23.Thefoodwasdelicious.ThatwasaB.goonvacationD.havegoneonvacation meal.A.doB.todo C.doingD.done20.Don'tforget —thisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.A.toreturnB.returning C.returnD.toreturning21.Lookaroundwhenthestreet.A.acrossB.crossing C.crossedD.tobecrossing22.Wearebothlookingforwardtonextweek.A.satisfying B.satisfied C.satisfactionD.satisfyDon,thavethemachineallthetime.Itwillgowrong.A.torun B.running C.beenrun D.runThesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepare B.preparing C.prepared D.waspreparing綜合能力訓練：一.補全對話中所缺的單詞，每空一詞。（Johnfeelsill.Thedoctorlookshimover.）Doctor:Well,there’snothingserious86you,I,mgladtosay.Youareworkingtoohardandworryingtoo87.Doyoutakeenoughexercise?John:No,doctor.Ineverhaveenoughtime88exxrcise.Istartworkvery89inthemorningandfinishlateintheevening.ThenIcan’tgettosleep.Canyougivemesomemedicinetohelpmetosleep?Doctor:Ican,90I,mnotgoingto.Youdon,tneedmedicine.Remember:Don,tworktoohard.Toomuchworkis91foryou.Don’tworry92yourwork.It'snousetoworry.Takeenoughexercise.John:ButImaylosemyjob（工作），doctor.Ifshardtogetajob93mine.Doctor:Thengetaneasierone,evenifget94money.Whichwouldyouliketohave,healthorwealth（財富）？John:Youareright,doctor.Ifsmoreimportanttobehealthythanwealthy.I’llchangemyjob.Thanksalot.Doctor:Comeandseeme95amonth,stine.Ithinkyou’llbeadifferentman二.完形填空（每題1分，共12分）GilbertjoinedtheScienceClublastsummer.Onedayhewashandedapieceofpaper,ablockofwoodandfourwheels;hewastoldtogohomeand1themallto“dad”.However,Gilberfsmomknewthathisdadwasn,tgoodatmakingthingsanddecidedthatshewouldreadthe2andletGilbertdothework.AfewdayslatertheblockofwoodwasturningintoacarthatGilbertnamed“BlueLightning”.Thenheandhismotherwenttoacarracetogether.Butwhentheythere,Gilbertfoundthathiscarwastheonlyonethathadnotbeenmadebya“father-son”partnership（合作）.Theracebegan.Onebyonethecarswereknockedoutuntilit5tothefinalbetweeenGilbertandJimmy.Justbeforetherace,Gilbertasked6theycouldstopforaminutesothat

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載hecouldmakeawish.