高中英語(yǔ) v.-ing形式用法講解

v.-ing形式動(dòng)名詞：v.-ing形式作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)1動(dòng)名詞的形式、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和短語(yǔ)。2動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。4動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)3動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。1)一般式主動(dòng)（not）

writing2)一般式被動(dòng)（not）beingwritten3)完成式主動(dòng)（not

）havingwritten4)完成式被動(dòng)（not）havingbeenwritten動(dòng)名詞的形式:以write為例1)名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞：Tom’s

writing2)名詞普通格+動(dòng)名詞：Tomwriting3)形容詞性代詞+動(dòng)名詞：hiswriting4)人稱代詞賓格+動(dòng)名詞：himwriting動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞和自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)

speakingaloud

readingthetextaloud

goingtobedattenlastnight1）動(dòng)名詞直接位于句首做主語(yǔ)2動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)三種情況2）it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞真正主語(yǔ)放在句尾，但句子形式有限制，做表語(yǔ)的只能是一些形容詞或名詞，大多數(shù)構(gòu)成固定句式。3）Therebe+no+動(dòng)名詞.1）Readingaloudisveryimportanttous1）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)置于句首：2）Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly

isconsideredtobeagoodhabit.

3）FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.LearningEnglishisveryimportantforus.Talkingiseasierthandoing.Takingnaturalmaterialsoutoftherubbishandusingthemagainiscalledrecycling.Playingtricksonothersissomethingwethinkimpolite.

動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)放在句末。2）it作形式主語(yǔ)代替動(dòng)名詞Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.It

isconsideredtobeagoodhabitgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly

2.Takingnaturalmaterialsoutoftherubbishandusingthemagainiscalledrecycling.Itiscalledrecyclingtakingnaturalmaterialsoutoftherubbishandusingthemagain辨別主語(yǔ)（形式主語(yǔ)和真正主語(yǔ))Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.Itisdangerousstandinginthemiddleofthestreet.Isitworthwhilequarrellingwithher?It’snogoodwaitinghere.Let’sgohome.it作形式主語(yǔ)的幾個(gè)習(xí)慣句型：Itisnousedoing…Itisuselessdoing…Itisnogooddoing…Itisfundoing…Itisworthwhiledoing…Itisawasteoftimedoing…Itispleasantdoing…“Thereis+no”后可以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)，表示“沒法……”。 3）Therebe+no+動(dòng)名詞.

Therewasnotellingwhenthismightappen

again.

沒法預(yù)料這樣的事什么時(shí)候會(huì)再發(fā)生。

Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.

他能做什么很難說(shuō)。1）及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)3動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)2）介詞賓語(yǔ)3）it作形式賓語(yǔ)，代替動(dòng)名詞4）接doing的動(dòng)詞5）接todo的動(dòng)詞6）接doing又可接todo的動(dòng)詞1）及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)Edisonneverstoppedsearchingfornewandbetterwaystodothings.

Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?Hegaveupteachingonlytwoyearsago.2）介詞賓語(yǔ)Sincethen,hehasdevotedhislifetofindingwaystogrowmoreandmorerice.Hesearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaoffields.形容詞busy,worth后接doingTheteachersaidEdisonwasn’tverybrightandthathewasn’tworthteaching.Theteachersarebusycorrectingthestudents’exampapers.如果作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞又有自己的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，習(xí)慣上要將動(dòng)名詞后置，而用先行詞it作它的形式賓語(yǔ)。

3）it作形式賓語(yǔ)，代替動(dòng)名詞Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheriveraftersupper.Doyouconsideritnecessarytryingagain?mind,finish,admit,advise,consider,enjoy,keep,miss,suggest,can’thelp,giveup,want(需要；該），need(需要；該）4）接doing的動(dòng)詞5）接todo的動(dòng)詞want,wish,hope,ask,help,refuse,learn,demand,choose,,decideplan,manage,pretend,afford

◆意義基本一樣，如like,love,hate,begin,start,prefer,attempt6）接doing又可接todo的動(dòng)詞

◆意義明顯不一樣，如remember,forget

regret,mean,stop,try,want,need

●Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.●Irememberpostingtheletter.◆意義明顯不一樣，如remember,forget,regret,mean,stop,try,want,need

●Heforgottowritetome.

●I’llneverforgetvisitingLondonforthefirsttime.

●IregrettosaythatIcannotgowithyou.

●Sheregrettedmissingthereport.◆意義明顯不一樣，如remember,forget,regret,mean,stop,try,want,need●Theystoppedtotalk.●Theystoppedtalking.●Youdon’tneedtoleavesoearly.●Hisclothesneededmendingandhisshoesneededrepairing.3.need,require,want作“需要”解時(shí),后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ),主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,相當(dāng)于tobedone。如：

Theradioneeds/requires/wantsrepairing/toberepaired.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)1.有些動(dòng)詞如admit,avoid,consider,escape,deny,risk,suggest等后能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，而不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：

We’reconsideringpayingavisittotheScienceMuseum.2.有些短語(yǔ)如：

can’thelp,beusedto,endup,feellike,leadto,bebusy,betiredof,befondof,beafraidof,beproudof,thinkof/about,putoff,keepon,insiston,begoodat,giveup

等.

常跟動(dòng)詞ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣:考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想，避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停能賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡，不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciatecan’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape

forbid,risk,imagine[注意]動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是指在動(dòng)詞-ing形式前面加上邏輯主語(yǔ)來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該邏輯主語(yǔ)常為形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格；當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)不出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)，可用人稱代詞的賓格代替形容詞性物主代詞或用名詞普通格代替名詞的所有格。如：1）I’mannoyedaboutJohn’s/Johnforgettingtopay.2）Ireallycan’tunderstandyou/yourtreatingherlikethat.2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)not應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞-ing形式之前。如：

Notcleaningherteethmadehersmellbad. Yourschoolmate’snotcominghomeintimemadeherparentsworried.需要注意的問(wèn)題：以下的動(dòng)詞后面加動(dòng)詞的不定式作賓語(yǔ)：decide,hope,expect,seem,agree,

afford,arrange,choose,offer,plan,promise,determine,demand,manage,fail,prepare,refuse,pretend,常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣：三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)，兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕,設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定,不要假裝在選擇。hope;wish;want;agree;promisedemand;ask;refusemanage;learn;decidepretend;choose想要拒絕命令，需要努力學(xué)習(xí),期望同意幫助，希望決定開始。want;refuse;orderneed;try;learnexpect;agree;helphope;wish;decide;begin;start◆以下的動(dòng)詞后面既可接動(dòng)詞的不定式又可以接動(dòng)詞的ing作賓語(yǔ)：hate,love,prefer,remember,forget,regret,like,try,stop,begin,start既跟動(dòng)詞ing又接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣:雙方一旦開始，不論喜歡與否，都得繼續(xù)下去。不管記住與否，努力打算停止，后悔三個(gè)需要。begin,start,like,prefer,hate,dislike,continue，remember,forget,try,mean,stop,reget,want,need,require

[即時(shí)練習(xí)]從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

1.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.____theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp. A.TohavehadB.Havinghad C.HaveD.HavingD2.Theparentssuggested____inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip. A.sleepB.tosleep C.sleepingD.havingsleptC3.HowIregret___somuchtimeinthenetbar!Ishouldhavestudiedharder. A.towasteB.wasting C.wastedD.beingwastedBII.根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示,完成下列句子。1._____________(大聲朗讀)inthelibraryisabadhabit.2.It’snouse_____________(像這樣談話).3.Inmymind,____________________________(進(jìn)入那所著名的大學(xué))willbetheonlywaytobecomeaworld-classwriter.

attendingthefamousuniversityReadingaloudtalkinglikethis4.Marygotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forshecouldn’trisk______________________(丟失這個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)).5.Heremembered______________________________(沒有完成作業(yè)),sohegotupearlytodoitthenextmorning.

nothavingfinishedhishomeworklosingthegoodopportunityTheParticipleasAttributive分詞作定語(yǔ)thechangingworldthechangedworldboilingwaterboiledwateradevelopingcountryadevelopedcountrylostchild變化中的世界變了的世界正在沸騰的水開過(guò)的水發(fā)展中國(guó)家發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家失蹤的孩子Wecanseetherisingsun.正在升起的太陽(yáng)Lookatthesleeping

baby.Socute.Watchoutthatamovinglorry

移動(dòng)的卡車Don’teattoomanylikefriedchickenlegsHeisaretired

worker.退休的工人分詞做前置定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句與分詞短語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換Theconversionofattributiveclauseandparticiplephrase

Iknowamanworkinginthatfactory.

Iknowamanwhoworksinthatfactory.Iknowamanwhoisworkinginthatfactory.Iknowamanwhoworkedinthatfactory.

Thegirlsittingbesidemeis(was)mycousin.

Thegirlwhositsbesidemeismycousin.

Thegirlwhoissittingbesidemeismycousin.Thegirlwhosatbesidemewasmycousin.The

boys

whoareplayingtennisaremyfriends.The

boys

playingtennisaremyfriends.Iknowthe

boy

whoisrunninginthepark.Iknowthe

boy

runninginthepark.定語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ),有主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行的意思。先行詞與現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)關(guān)系Sheboughtacomputer

whichwasproducedinChina.Sheboughtacomputer

producedinChina.He

received

aletter

which

was

written

in

English.Hereceivedaletter

writteninEnglish.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)或完成的意思用定語(yǔ)從句及分詞完成下列句子.Themanismybrother.Heisstandingunderthetree._____________________.2.Doyouknowthegirl?Sheistalkingwiththeteacher.Themanwhoisstandingunderthetreeismybrother.Doyouknowthegirlwhoistalkingwiththeteacher?ThemanstandingunderthetreeismybrotherDoyouknowthegirltalkingwiththeteacher?

v.–ing

asPredicative(表語(yǔ))-ing

分詞（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ),起adj.作用，指主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征。Itsoundedsohorrifyingandexciting.(asanadj.)Thesituationisencouraging.(asanadj.)-ed分詞做表語(yǔ)也起adj.作用，往往表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。Hegotpromoted.Igrewtired.Heremainedunsatisfied.II:

The–ingParticipleasObjectComplement(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

1.在感覺/感官動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)的行為正在進(jìn)行，呈主動(dòng)關(guān)系。這類動(dòng)詞有：feel,see,notice,watch,hear,smell,listento,lookat,findIfeltmyheartbeatingfaster.Shesmeltsomethingburning.Listentothebirdssingingoutside.-ed分詞同樣可以做賓補(bǔ)，與賓語(yǔ)呈被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Heishappytoseehisbabytakencareof.Henoticedthethiefcaughtbythepolice.2.在表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞有:make(不跟-ing分詞作賓補(bǔ)),set,have,get,start,leave,keep,catchMyfatherhadmewritingthewholemorning.Hekeptmewaitingforalongtime.Icaughthimcheatingintheexam.Hewasleftstandingthewholemorning.-ed分詞同樣可以做“致使”動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)。CanImakemysel