Unit4知識點(diǎn)梳理第二講 牛津譯林版九年級英語上學(xué)期

PAGE20PAGE11PAGE119AUnit4Growingup知識點(diǎn)梳理第二講【知識點(diǎn)】Grammar知識點(diǎn)1、重點(diǎn)單詞1againstprep.對抗;與相反;違反against是一個介詞，意為“對抗;與相反;違反”,其反義詞為for,意為“支持;擁護(hù)”。e.g.Weareplayingagainsttheleaguechampionsnextweek.下周我們要和聯(lián)賽冠軍隊(duì)比賽。Wewererowingagainstthecurrent.我們正劃船逆流而上。Areyoufororagainsttheproposal?你支持還是反對這個建議?拓展against的其他常見用法對不利Theevidenceisagainsthim.證據(jù)對他不利。緊靠;倚;碰;撞Putthepianothere,againstthewall.把鋼琴放在那兒,緊靠著墻。以防Theytookactionsagainstfire.他們采取了防火措施。知識點(diǎn)2、重點(diǎn)短語1gojogging去慢跑e.g.Doyouwanttogojoggingwithmeafterschool?放學(xué)后你想和我一起去慢跑嗎?2tiredout疲憊不堪的e.g.Theywerecold,hungryandtiredout.他們又冷又餓,疲憊不堪。3receiveacallfromsb.接到某人的電話e.g.Shealmostreceivesacallfromhermothereverynight.她幾乎每晚都接到她媽媽的電話。4.cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)e.g.Thepredictionseemstohavecometrue.預(yù)言似乎成真了。知識點(diǎn)3、重點(diǎn)句型Theycanbeplacedatthebeginningorinthemiddleofsentences.(P.54)atthebeginningof意為“在……之初”，反義詞短語為“attheendof”意為“在……末尾/盡頭”。Atthebeginningof1975hecamebacktoChina.Beforeandaftercanalsobeusedasprepositionsoftime.(P.54)beusedas意為“被用作”。例如：Thebigtablecanbeusedasabed.Englishisusedasaveryusefulworkinglanguage.【拓展】常見的used短語beusedtodosth.被用來做某事beusedfordoingsth.被用來做某事be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣做某事Ireceivedacallfrommyuncle.(P.54)receive意為“收到、接到”，常同from連用；另外，receive表示客觀上收到或者拿到，但主觀上不一定接受，accept強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀上愿意接受。例如：Iwashappytoreceiveacallfrommyoldfriend.Ireceivedhisgiftyesterday,butIwouldn’tliketoacceptithedidn’tbecomeseriousaboutbasketballuntil/tillhewas12.(P.56)become/beseriousabout意為“認(rèn)真對待”，后接名詞、代詞或者動名詞。例如：YouknowthatIcouldnotbecomeseriousaboutsuchaman.Sheisseriousaboutherfuture.Thebestmomentishiscareerwasin2004—hescored41pointsinagameagainsttheAtlantaHawks.(P.56)against此處是介詞，意為“對抗、與……相反”，beagainst“反對”，反義詞為befor“支持”。例如：Ourschoolplaysagainsttheirschoolatbasketball.Weareallagainsthisidea.【拓展】against還可以意為“靠著、迎著”。例如：Hestoodwithhisbackagainstthedoor.Hehithisheadagainstthewindow.WhenYaoMingwaslivingintheUSA,hereturnedtoChinawheneverhewasneeded.(P.56)return此處作不及物動詞，表示“回歸、返回”，相當(dāng)于go/comebackto。returnto+地點(diǎn)，意為“返回某地”。例如：Ireturnedtomyschoolyesterday.AnnwillvisityouwhenshereturnstoLondon.【拓展】return作及物動詞，表示“歸還”，相當(dāng)于giveback。YoushouldreturnthepianotoDickontime.知識點(diǎn)4、狀語從句(I)狀語從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，按照意義可分為時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較和讓步九種狀語從句。本單元我們重點(diǎn)講解時間狀語從句。1.概念時間狀語從句就是在復(fù)合句中表示主句動作發(fā)生的時間的狀語從句。時間狀語從句在所有狀語從句中用得最頻繁,用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有when,while,as,before,after,since等。2.時態(tài)一般來講,在復(fù)合句中都要遵循主從句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)的規(guī)律,狀語從句也不例外。即主句用現(xiàn)在時，從句也用現(xiàn)在時;主句用過去時，從句也用過去的某種時態(tài)。具體的說:(1)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時、祈使句或含有情態(tài)動詞can,may,must等時從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時。e.g.Whenitrains,Itakeataxi.下雨的時候我乘出租汽車。Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.過馬路時要小心。ImustfinishthisletterbeforeIgohome.我必須在回家之前寫完這封信。(2)主句是一般過去時。從句也要用-般過去時。。e.g.Mybrothercouldswimwhenhewassevenyearsold.我弟弟七歲時就會游泳了。(3)如果主句是一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。e.g.Wewillgoandplaybasketballafterschoolisover.在放學(xué)之后,我們將去打籃球。3.位置在大多數(shù)情況下,時間狀語從句既可以位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。當(dāng)從句在前時,主從句之間一般要用逗號隔開。e.g.Pleasetellmewhenhecomesback.=Whenhecomesback，pleasetellme.他回來的時候請告訴我。HegavemesomeadviceafterItoldhimaboutmyproblem.=AfterItoldhimaboutmyproblem,hegavemesomeadvice.在我告訴他我的問題后,他給了我一些建議。4.引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞(1)before意為“...之前”,表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前。e.g.Turnoffthelightsbeforeyougotobed.睡覺前要關(guān)燈。(2)after意為“...之后”,表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。e.g.Afteryoufinishtheletter,showittome,信寫完后給我看看。(3)when意為“...時”,它所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語既可指時間點(diǎn)，也可指時間段，因此在when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，謂語動詞既可以是瞬時動詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動詞。由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,如果主句用過去進(jìn)行時、從句用一般過去時,則表示一個動作正在進(jìn)行的時候另一個動作(突然)發(fā)生了,強(qiáng)調(diào)后一動作發(fā)生的突然性,此時when意為“正在那時”。e.g.Whenthegirlcamein,hermotherwaswatchingTV.當(dāng)這個女孩進(jìn)來時,她媽媽正在看電視。(when所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語指時間點(diǎn),come是瞬時動詞)Whenwewerewalkinginthepark,wemetMary.當(dāng)我們正在公園散步時,遇見了瑪麗。(when所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語指時間段,walk是延續(xù)性動詞)Aboywaswalkingalongthestreetwhenitbegantorain.一個男孩正沿著街邊散步,突然天開始下雨了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)雨下得很突然)Whileaboywaswalkingalongthestreet,itbegantorain.當(dāng)-一個男孩正沿著街邊散步的時候,天開始下起雨來。(注意此句只表明下雨的事實(shí),不強(qiáng)調(diào)突然性)(4)while意為“在期間”時,表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作進(jìn)行的過程中:意為“同時”時,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動作和從句動作是同時發(fā)生的，此時主從句都要用過去進(jìn)行時。while所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語只指時間段,因此，在while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。e.g.Whilehewasreading,hismothercamein.他正在讀書時，他媽媽進(jìn)來了。(主句動作camein發(fā)生在從句動作reading進(jìn)行的過程中)WhileMarywaswritingaletter,thechildrenwereplayingoutside.瑪麗寫信時,孩子們正在外面玩耍。(write與play都是延續(xù)性動詞,并且是同時發(fā)生的)(5)since意為“自...以來,自以后”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語叢句時,表示某事于過去某一時間開始，并且現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù),一般情況下,從句謂語動詞用一般過去時,而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。since也常用于句型"Itis/hasbeen+時間段since+從句”表示“自以來已經(jīng)有時間了”,在該句型中,since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句通常用一般過去時。e.g.I'vebeencollectingthemsinceIwasfiveyearsold.自從我五歲以來,我就一直在收集它們。ItisthreeyearssinceIleftuniversity,我大學(xué)畢業(yè)已經(jīng)三年了。IthasbeentwoyearssinceIworkedhere.我來這里工作已經(jīng)兩年了。注意:since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞既可以是延續(xù)性動詞,也可以是瞬時動詞。(6)until與till意為“直到...為止”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,一般情況下兩者可以互換使用。Until/till用于肯定句時,主句的動作必須是延續(xù)性動詞,表示這一動作或狀態(tài)——一直延續(xù)到until所表示的時間為止;用于否定句時,主句的動作一般是瞬時動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)直到until所表示的時間才發(fā)生，即構(gòu)成not…util.結(jié)構(gòu),表示“直到e.g.Ilivedwithmyparentsuntil/tillIgraduatedfromcollege.直到我大學(xué)畢業(yè),我都和我的父母住在一起。Thebuswon'tstartuntileverybodygetson.直到每個人都上車,公共汽車才會開動。注意:until可以放在句首或句中，而till不能放在句首，且till主要用于口語中。e.g.UntilshespokeIhadn'trealizedshewasn'tEnglish.直到她開口說話我才知道她不是英國人。(7)assoonas意為“一就…..",常用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,表示叢句的動作一發(fā)生主句的運(yùn)作就馬上發(fā)生。從句位于主句前后均可,若主句時態(tài)為一般將來時，則從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。e.g.Hestaredassoonashereceivedthenews.他一接到消息就出發(fā)了。Assoonashereturns,pleaseaskhimtogivemeacall.他一回來就請他給我回個電話。(8)whenever意為“每當(dāng);每次”時,也可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。此時whenever可以用everytime替換。e.g.Whenever/EverytimeIcallonhim,heisout.每次我去訪問他，他都不在?！緦ｍ?xiàng)練習(xí)】例題1、單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Mymother_________myauntcalledher.A.wascookingwhileB.cookedwhenC.cookedwhileD.wascookingwhen()2.

the

little

girl

was

hit

by

a

truck,

nobody

gave

a

hand

to

the

girl

______

an

old

lady

appeared.

Why

were

they

so

cold-hearted?A.

When;while

B.

Before;

untilC.

After;until

D.

As;while()3._______they_______,theirclassmateswereallintheclassroom.A.Before;werearguingB.When;arearguingC.While;werearguingD.While;arearguing()4.—Youlookscared.Whathappened?—Well,I_______alongthestreet________theUFOlanded.A.waswalking;whileB.iswalking;whenC.waswalking;whenD.iswalking;while()5.—HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai______?—Yes.Iwenttheretwoweeks______.Itisamoderncity.A.before;agoB.ago;agoC.ago;beforeD.before;before訓(xùn)練1、單選選擇()1.IwaswatchingTV_______mybrotherwaswritinganemailathomeatthistimelastnight.A.assoonas B.after C.until D.while()2.Lauraopenedthedoorandrushedintotherain_______Icouldstopher.A.until B.after C.before D.unless()3.—Excuseme.Isitmyturnnow?—Notyet.Pleasewaitonthechair_______yournameiscalled.A.and B.until C.althoughD.since()4.—Icanhardlybelievemyeyes.Isthatyou,Lucy?—Yes.Ithasbeenalmost20years_______weweretogether.A.since B.before C.after D.until()5.—Whenwillyoureturnthebooktome?—I'llgiveittoyou_______Ifinishit.A.once B.until C.assoonasD.unless訓(xùn)練2、單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Thenumberofchairsintheroom_____ten.I’mafraidanumberofchairsintheroom_____lost.Ais;is Bis;are C.are;isD.are;are()2.—“IsJimathomebyhimself?”—“No,thereisanotherboywithhim.”A.playing B.play C.plays D.toplay()3._______Iopenedmyeyes,Isawthesunshiningbrightly.A.As B.While C.Before D.Until()4.—Didyouwatchthefootballmatchlastnight?—Yes,Idid.Itwas______,andIenjoyeditverymuch.A.alive B.live C.living D.lively()5.Nothingcanbedone______hereturns.A.as B.after C.while D.until()6.Bequick,________we’llcatchtheearlytrain.A.but B.or C.andD.so()7.Theboy’sparents_______formorethanthreeyears.A.havebeendead B.havediedC.died D.aredead()8.Theworkwas_________thanwethought.A.lotsofmoredifficult B.farmoredifficultC.muchdifficult D.verydifficult()9.EddiewassleepingdeeplyMilliewaswatchingTV.A.whileB.as C.when D.after()10.—MustIstayheretillhecomesback?—__________.Youmayleaveasyoulike.A.No,youmaynot. B.No,youmustn’t.C.No,youdon’tneedto. D.No,youcan’t.例題2、詞匯填空1.WhenIwasin_______(40),Ibegantoteach.2.His_______(dead)surprisedallofus.3.Shehastositbehindbecauseofher_______(high).4.LiYingbecamethe_______(proud)studentinhisclassaftertheexam.5.Spudwasnamed_______(play)oftheYear.6.Whenhe_______(final)gotthechance,hehadtogiveitup.7.Buildanotherbuildingfor_______(you).8.Look!The_______(nation)flagisflyinginthewind.9.Aftergraduatedfromourschool,hecontinuedstudyingin_______(other)country.10.Thegirl_______(quick)gaveheranswerwhensheheardthequestion.11.YaoMinghasdonealotofcharitywork,_______(especial)forpoorChineseteenagers.12.MyfriendTomoftenhelpsthe_______(home)children.13.Ourteacherisvery_______(help)andheoftenhelpsmewithmyChinese.14.Myfatherhasdecidedtodonatehisbodyfor_______(medicine)researchafterhisdeath.15.Doyouknowthe_______(own)ofthehouse?訓(xùn)練1、詞匯填空1.Annkept_______(sleep)foralongtime.2.Thenews_______(read)bymanypeopleintheworldrecently.3.Wedecided_______(have)aclassmeeting.4.Hisfatherdidn'tallowhim_______(play)thiskindofgames.5.WheneverIhavesomemoney_______(leave),lgiveittothepoor.6.Ididn'tleaveuntilthefilm_______(end).7._______(notwake)himup,heistootired.8.Someonethinks_______(grow)upishard.9.IwilltellyoutheanswerassoonasI_______(meet)theteacher.10.AfterIfinishedmyhomework,Iwenton_______(read).11.Heofteninvitesme_______(sing)intheevening.12.Afterthat,she_______(name)"Schoolbeauty".13.BeforewatchingTV,hewasforced_______(finish)allthehomework.14.Wetriedeverythingwecould_______(help)thepoorman.15.Theboy_______(play)thepianowhenhisfathercamebackhome.例題3、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Hewokeupanhourago.（改為同義句）Hehas______________foranhour.2.Iwillcomebackafter100'clock.（改為同義句）I_______comeback_______10o'clock.3.Itoldhimthenewsassoonashegottotheoffice.（對畫線部分提問）______________youtellhimthenews?4.Heallowedustohaveadiscussion.（改為被動語態(tài)）We______________tohaveadiscussion.5.Heisthetallestboysinourclass.（改為同義句）Heis_______than_______otherboyinourclass.6.Whilehewasreadingamagazine,hesawme.（改為簡單句）Hesawme______________amagazine.7.Ihavelearnedtodriveforayear.（改為同義句）Ihavelearnedtodrive_______ayear_______.8.Lotsofpeoplediedintheaccident.（改為同義句）Lotsofpeople_______their_______intheaccident.9.Hisbrotherhassathereforalongtime.（對畫線部分提問）______________hashisbrothersithere?10.Itriedmybesttolearneverysubjectwell.（對畫線部分提問）_______didyoutryyourbestto_______?例題4、完成句子1.姚明1980年出生于上海。YaoMing______________inShanghaiin1980.2.他事業(yè)最輝煌的時刻是在四十多歲。Thebestmomentforhiscareer______________.3.我在2002年參加過奧林匹克運(yùn)動會。I____________________________in2002.4.我?guī)缀醪欢⒄Z，但很快就學(xué)上了這門語言。IknewlittleEnglish,______________________.5.直到火車到站再叫醒我。_______________thetraingottothesta