安徽省都江堰市2016高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)短文改錯(cuò)講解及練習(xí)解讀

四川都江堰市2016高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)二輪講解及練習(xí)（2）知識(shí)點(diǎn)二：句法型錯(cuò)誤句法型錯(cuò)誤包含：主謂一致；各種從句的指引詞；重申句型；句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連接性、完好性、________________________同等性及邏輯性。1.主謂一致：對(duì)主謂一致的考察主要依據(jù)語(yǔ)法、意義、就近、就遠(yuǎn)等一致原則，判斷人稱和數(shù)可否與主語(yǔ)保持一致。?？键c(diǎn)以下：（1）由or，nor，either...or，neither...nor，notonly...butalso等連接并歹U主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)依據(jù)就近原則；⑵當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是Awith/togetherwith/aswellas/including/...B時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由A決定，依據(jù)就遠(yuǎn)原則；（3）動(dòng)名詞、不定式或名詞從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)；⑷“half/most/part/therest/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和of此后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致；（5）aquantityof/quantitiesof后既可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也可接不行數(shù)名詞，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般取決于quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)。（1）（2014?四川）Today,Iamgoingtotalkwith（about）whatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff._________解析該句的主語(yǔ)為afirealarm，為單數(shù)名詞，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。答案goigoes2.連接詞：連接詞主要包含名詞性從句中的連接詞，定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞，狀語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞，以及主從復(fù)合句和并列句中的連接詞等。特別是對(duì)which和that指引定語(yǔ)從句、抽象名詞后邊經(jīng)常跟that指引的同位語(yǔ)從句等的考察。（2）PeoplewouldliketotakepartinthiscontestshouldgototheofficeoftheStudents'Unionandsignup.____________解析定語(yǔ)從句缺乏指引詞。此句中的指引詞who或that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，不能夠省略。答案People后加who或that3.句子成分贅余：句子成分贅余一般有以下幾各種類：（1）受母語(yǔ)思想影響，出現(xiàn)漢語(yǔ)式結(jié)構(gòu)，造成冗言；（2）不明詞義內(nèi)涵，造成詞義重疊；（3）介詞節(jié)余；（4）助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞節(jié)余；（5）多冠詞；（6）定語(yǔ)從句中成分重復(fù)；（7）程度副詞和頻率副詞，如much,more,often等的多余；（8）小品詞to節(jié)余等。（3）（2014?四川）Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingand（or）hurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.__________解析該句的意思是“若發(fā)現(xiàn)有人失散或受傷了，就要馬上告訴老師”。句中的if指引條件狀語(yǔ)從句，when節(jié)余。答案去掉when4.缺詞錯(cuò)誤：缺詞現(xiàn)象常有的有：（1）缺系動(dòng)詞；（2）缺介詞；（3）缺冠詞、物主代詞等限制詞；（4）在定語(yǔ)從句中缺關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞；（5）缺連接詞；（6）缺否定詞；（7）缺不定式符號(hào)to等。（4）（2014?陜西）Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.___________解析want作“想要做某事”講時(shí)后接帶to的不定式。答案wanted后加to-1-知識(shí)點(diǎn)三：語(yǔ)篇型錯(cuò)誤語(yǔ)篇型錯(cuò)誤測(cè)試包含：上下文中時(shí)態(tài)可否一致；上下文中代詞可否一致；上下文中邏輯可否一致；上下文中詞、詞組、從句的代替可否正確。（1）（2014?浙江）1wastakingatraintoLondon'sVictoriaStation.lhadnoticedthatthecarriagewasnoise(noisy)andfilledwithpeople.解析考察時(shí)態(tài)。此處可是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的描述，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。答案去掉had(2)(2014?浙江)Theneveryoneinthecarriagebegansearching(Afor)theticket,whichwaseventuallyfoundunderaseatseveralrowsfromhisowner._______解析此處的owner指的是車票的全部者，所以應(yīng)該用its。其他，還可將his改為the表示特指。答案hisTts(2014?新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I)As(Aa)result,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.解析依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，各處都是圣女果，所以把somewhere改為everywhere。答案somewhere^everywhere易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的錯(cuò)誤(1)Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwecoulddo.解析依據(jù)句意，此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。答案and^but⑵(2014?新課標(biāo)全國(guó)n)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelistening(Ato)music.解析此處有并列連詞or，此后的動(dòng)詞與lie是平行結(jié)構(gòu)，故該動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與lie保持致。答案satTsit(3)(2014?大綱全國(guó))Theunderstandingbetweentwofriendsmean(means)bothofthemhavesimilarideasandtrustingeachother.解析此處的trust和前面的have并列，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。答案trustingTtrust2.從句與并列句的錯(cuò)誤(1)ItoldMother,Father,Sister,allmyfriendsherewhatagreattimeIhad.解析all前加and,表示并列關(guān)系。答案all前加and(2)Thiswouldsavethelifeofmanyanimals,someofthemhavealmostdiedout.答案themTwhich注意：句子與句子之間的逗號(hào)只起間隔作用，不能夠連接句子，所以要注意從句與并列句的辨別。遇到此類題目，察看逗號(hào)后邊有無(wú)連詞，沒(méi)有的話，增添適合的連詞，也許把此中一句變成從句。3.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的錯(cuò)誤(2014?新課標(biāo)全國(guó)n)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningtomusic.解析此處sit和前面的lie是并列關(guān)系。依據(jù)上下文及此處lie所用的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式可知，應(yīng)把過(guò)去式的sat改為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)sit。答案satTsitIfthebookyouwillwantisout,youmayaskforittobecalledbackforyou.答案去掉will短文改錯(cuò)做題技巧要想在高考英語(yǔ)中做好短文改錯(cuò)，依據(jù)“四步走”，推行“四查法”可有效減少不用要的失誤。詳盡做法以下：-2-通讀全文，認(rèn)識(shí)馬虎注意語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)和行文邏輯，不能夠在未認(rèn)識(shí)馬虎的狀況下就循序漸進(jìn)地一行一行地改。先易后難，減小范圍通讀短文的過(guò)程中，能夠把此中顯然的錯(cuò)誤找出來(lái)，這樣就減小了范圍，為下一步的解析判斷供給更充分的依據(jù)，也能把注意力集中在較難判斷的句子上。3.掌握句意，逐句判斷逐句掃描，各個(gè)擊破。為了使每行長(zhǎng)度相差不大，經(jīng)常一個(gè)句子分成兩行或三行，而一個(gè)句子可否有錯(cuò)只有看完好個(gè)句子，甚至還要瞻前顧后才能判斷出錯(cuò)誤之處。所以在通讀全文時(shí)，要以句子為最小單位，千萬(wàn)別以行為單位。請(qǐng)記住下邊的口訣：動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)，注意形和副；非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)鑒識(shí)，習(xí)習(xí)用法要記?。痪渥映煞侄嘟馕?，邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。4.屢次通讀，復(fù)查考據(jù)在大部分錯(cuò)誤都改正此后，若是還有拿禁止的，應(yīng)該再次通讀短文，利用語(yǔ)感做最后判斷；也能夠依據(jù)此類題的特色，運(yùn)用錯(cuò)誤種類的比率來(lái)抉擇。錯(cuò)詞一般有7?8個(gè)，多詞和缺詞約有2?3處。二、“四查法”1.東張西望查名詞要注意搜尋名詞從前及其自己出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。看該名詞前可否缺限制詞，該用何種限制詞。尤其要查冠詞的使用狀況。遇到代詞要弄清它取代什么。當(dāng)名詞前有形容詞時(shí)更要加倍注意。如:Catherine,towhomyoucanturnforhelp,hasgoodknowledgeofGreek.（knowledge為不行數(shù)名詞，在has此后加上不定冠詞a）“語(yǔ)”“時(shí)”俱進(jìn)查動(dòng)詞認(rèn)真解析動(dòng)詞所用的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)。特別要依據(jù)上下文所供給的時(shí)間信息，“語(yǔ)”“時(shí)”俱進(jìn)地屢次商酌。如：Martingainedsomuchconfideneethathegoesbacktoschool...（goes改為went）3.啟承轉(zhuǎn)合查連詞為使短文結(jié)構(gòu)謹(jǐn)慎，短文中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)好多連詞。這些連詞的使用，在結(jié)構(gòu)和意義上都要通順?biāo)?，恰到利處。如：Itstartedtorisehigheragain.Soitwasstilltooclosetothewater.（So改為But）4.文通理順查邏輯文通即行文吻合英語(yǔ)詞法、句法；理順指行文邏輯吻合人們的認(rèn)知規(guī)律，即吻合常理。如：Theairkeepingtheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingup.（第二個(gè)up改為down）短文改錯(cuò)（2013?昭通市統(tǒng)檢）rmsorrytotellyouthatIwon'tbeabletovisitBeijingwithyouinnextweekend,justbecausemyeldersisterwouldcometovisituswhilemyparentsareverybusy.TheytakeitforgrantedwhatIshouldpickhimup.Yousee,wehaven'tseeneachotherforages.Andsheiseagertoseeingwhathasgreatchangedinourcity.Iwanttoexpressmyapologizeagainformakingyouwaitingforme.Whatismore,IhopethatIcangetanotherchancestogotoBeijingwithyouwhenitisconvenient-3-toyou.Areyoufreetwoweekslate?Ifyouareavailablethattime,pleaseinformme.Thankalot!答案：rmsorrytotellyouthatIwon'tbeabletovisitBeijingwithyouih\nextweekend,justbecausemyeldersisterwould_____cometovisituswhilemyparentsareverybusy.willTheytakeitforgrantedwhat____Ishouldpickhim___up.Yousee,wehaven'tseeneachthatherotherforages.Andsheiseagertoseeing_______whathasgreatchangedinourcity.seegreatlyIwanttoexpressmyapologizeagainformakingyouwaitingforme.Whatismore,apologyIhopethatIcangetanotherchancestogotoBeijingwithyouwhenitisconvenientchancetoyou.Areyoufreetwoweekslate_____?Ifyouareavailablethattime,pleaseinformlaterme.Thankalot!Thanks2013?紹興市二模）rmgladtotellyouthatIhavemadegreatprogressinmyEnglishstudysinceIbecametheseniorhighschoolstudent.WhenIstartedseniorEnglish,IfoundmuchmoredifficultthanthatwelearnedinjuniorschoolandIalmostlostmyheart.Later,IrealizedtheimportantofEnglish,soIgotupearlyeverymorning,reciteEnglishword,listenedtoEnglishtapesanddidalotofexercise.IalsoaskedmyteachersandclassmatesforbetterwaystolearningEnglish.Now,I'mimprovingmyEnglishgreatly.Butrmgettingmoreandmoreinterestedwithlearningit.Thankyousomuchforyourgreathelpinyourclass.答案：rmgladtotellyouthatIhavemadegreatprogressinmyEnglishstudysinceIbecametheseniorhighschoolstudent.a-4-WhenIstartedseniorEnglish,IfoundAitmuchmoredifficultthanthatwelearnedwhat-5-injuniorschoolandIalmostlostmy、heart.Later,Irealizedtheimportant_________ofimportanceEnglish,soIgotupearlyeverymorning,reciteEnglishword,listenedtoEnglishrecitedtapesanddidalotofexercise_____.Ialsoaskedmyteachersandclassmatesforbetterexercisesways乞learningEnglish.ofNow,I'mimprovingmyEnglishgreatly.But______rmgettingmoreandmoreinterestedwith_______Andinlearningit.Thankyousomuchforyourgreathelpinyourclass.短文改錯(cuò)-6-Aperson'sagenoIongertellsyousomethingabout短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；76.______ahisjob,socialorstoppositiworkon,ingmarriageisnorhealthyas.Therestrongasitwasusedtosbeno.Ionger77._______aparticularyearwhichonegoestoschoolorgoesto78.________workorgetsmarriedorstartafamily.Thesocialclock79.________thatkeptusontimeandtolduswhengotoschool,get80.________81._______Itdoesn'tsurpriseustoheara28-year-olduniversity82.________presidentora35-year-oldgrandmother,or70-year-old83.________manwhohasbecomeafatherforthefirsttime.Whatwe84.85._______allknow,public'sideasarechangingnowadays.【參照答案】76.somethingfanything77.healthyThealth78.which(或yearAin)79.startfstarts80.whenAto81.was82.V83.orAa84.WhatfAs85.public'sfpublic【重慶南開(kāi)中學(xué)】每題1分，滿分10分）此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤?對(duì)標(biāo)題號(hào)的每一行做出判斷：如無(wú)錯(cuò)誤，在該行右側(cè)的橫線上劃（V）;若有錯(cuò)誤（每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤），則按以下?tīng)顩r改正：此行多一個(gè)詞：把節(jié)余的詞用斜線