Robinson-Crusoe-(羅賓遜漂流記)

CommentsonDefoe

SelectedReadingsDanielDefoeDefoe’sLife

Defoe’sWorksbornin1661,diedin1731sonofaLondonbutchernamedFoeat40,addedthearistocraticprefixDe-ajack-of-all-tradesaswellasawriteraradicalNonconformistinreligionajournalistandapamphleteerknewprisonlife(forwritingthepamphlet

TheShortestWaywithDissenters)

Defoe’sLife

Verses:HymntothePillory

《枷刑頌》

(1702)Fictions:RobinsonCrusoe

(1719)CaptainSingleton《辛格爾頓船長》

(1720)

DuncanCampbell(1720)

MemoirsofaCavalier(1720)

ColonelJack(1722)

MollFlanders

《摩爾·弗蘭德斯》

(1722)

JournalofthePlagueYear

《大疫年紀(jì)事(1722)

TheHistoryoftheDevil(1726)

Defoe’sWorks

CommentsonDefoe

AlongwithSamuelRichardson,

DefoeisconsideredthefounderoftheEnglishnovel(beforehistimestorieswereusuallywrittenaslongpoemsordramas)oftengiventhecreditforthediscoveryofthemodernnovel;butwhetherornothedeservesthathonorisanopenquestion(RobinsonCrusoeislargelyanadventurestoryratherthanthestudyofhumancharacter)BackgroundRobinsonCrusoe

waspartlybasedontheactualdeedsofAlexanderSelkirk,an18thcenturyScottishsailorwhospentalmostfiveyearsaloneonadesertisland.Thisnovelisfamousforitslovelydetailsanditsexpressionofbeliefinman’s

abilitywhenleftaloneinnature.PlotsummaryCrusoesetsailontheseavoyagein1651againstthewishesofhisparents.Afterthetumultuousjourney,hisshipwreckedinastorm.Hislustforthesearemainedsostrongthathesetouttotheseaagain.ThisjourneyendsindisastertooandCrusoebecameaslave.After2yearsofslavery,hewasrescuedbyacaptainofPortuguese,withwhosehelp,CrusoebecameanownerofplantationinBrazil.Yearslater,hejoinedanexpeditiontobringslavesfromAfrica.

Buthewasshipwrecked,hiscompanionsalldied,savedhimselfandthreeanimals--thecaptain’sdogandtwocats.Thenhelivedthelonelylifeinanisolatedisland.Yearslater,

Crusoesavedaprisoner,namedhimFriday.CrusoethentaughthimEnglishandconvertedhimaChristianity.Fouryearslater,theywererescuedandreturnedtoEngland.Crusoelivedonuninhabitedfor28years.SavingFriday

Buildingafenced-ininhabitation每個成長中的青少年，尤其是男孩子都應(yīng)該讀讀它。

——盧梭魯濱孫漂流記笛?！遏敒I孫漂流記》一問世即風(fēng)靡全球又歷久不衰。至今已出了幾百版，幾乎譯成了世界上所有各種文字。據(jù)說除《圣經(jīng)》之外，《魯濱孫漂流記》是再版最多的一本書。在歐美國家是兒童的必讀書?！遏敒I孫漂流記》生存問題生存，還是毀滅，這是一個值得思考的問題。魯濱孫及時調(diào)整悲觀絕望的心態(tài)，決定在島上頑強(qiáng)地生存下去。吃喝住穿是人生存所依賴的物質(zhì)條件。物質(zhì)問題計(jì)算時間、獲得的東西、缺乏的東西、打造木柵欄圍墻、每天覓食……人沒有精神寄托，靈魂就無所依附。精神問題寫日記，思考處境；得出經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，希望得到理解；安心于荒島生活……

在海難中，同船的11人中，死了十個，就他一個人活著，這是上帝對他的特別關(guān)照。從船上獲得大量維持生活的必需品，這是上帝對他的特別恩賜。

他日記本上列出的六大“好處”更體現(xiàn)了他要頑強(qiáng)活下去的理由。魯濱孫雖身陷絕境,但他說服自己頑強(qiáng)的活著,并打定主意在島上獨(dú)自生活一輩子,這需要巨大的勇氣?？梢钥闯鏊且粋€非常熱愛生命、珍惜生活的人。他活著也許并非為了什么,僅僅是因?yàn)樽约菏且粭l生命,既然是生命就應(yīng)該善待它。況且他活的積極、主動,活出了尊嚴(yán),這樣的人值得活著。魯濱孫是一個珍惜生命，熱愛生活；意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，生存信念執(zhí)著；勇于創(chuàng)造，務(wù)實(shí)肯干的人?！霸谧畈恍业奶幘持?，我們也可以把好處和壞處對照起來看，從而找到聊以自慰的事情。”可以概括為一個人在逆境中不要悲觀失望，而要努力看到積極的因素，從而改變自己被動的局面。

魯濱孫記錄時間,是為了清楚地了解自己是怎么活著的,可以活多長時間。這表明了他對生存下去充滿信心。

記敘了他制作日歷,記錄時間,從船上獲得物品,艱難地打造木柵欄圍墻,以及每天在島上各處尋找食物。這樣寫,從一個側(cè)面體現(xiàn)了人類創(chuàng)造生活的艱難,也表現(xiàn)了魯濱孫勤于創(chuàng)造、務(wù)實(shí)肯干的精神。

日記是為了記錄生活，撫慰心靈，而且要面對自我。魯濱孫記日記的行為，表明他作為一個文明人精神方面的需要，為了使自己的精神有所寄托，減輕心中的苦悶，便于深入思考當(dāng)前的處境。在荒島上，魯濱孫有理由相信上帝的存在（這部作品里多次提到《圣經(jīng)》及魯濱孫對上帝的祈禱，有了這個前提，魯濱孫就有了活下去的精神支柱，活的有理由，有意義。

本文沒有生動的故事，作者是通過心理描寫來刻畫人物性格表現(xiàn)作品主題的。用第一人稱來寫，便于展現(xiàn)“我”的內(nèi)心世界,使作品更具真實(shí)感,縮小了作品和讀者之間的距離。壞處我陷在一個可怕的荒島上,沒有重見天日的希望。我現(xiàn)在被剔出來,與世隔絕,困苦萬狀。我與人類隔絕,仿佛一個隱士。我沒有衣服穿。我沒有抵御野人和野獸襲擊的防御力和手段。我沒有人可以說話,也沒有人來解除我的愁悶。

好處但我還活著,沒有想我同船的伙伴們一樣,被水淹死。但我也從全體船員中被剔出來,獨(dú)免一死,上帝既然用神力把我從死亡里救出來,一定也會救我脫離這個境地。但我并未因?yàn)闆]有糧食,餓死在這不毛之地。但我是在一個熱帶氣候里,即使有衣服,也穿不住。但我所流落的島上,沒有我在非洲看到的那種野獸。假使我在那里覆了舟,我又將怎樣？但上帝卻不可思議把我送到海岸附近,使我可以從里面取出許多有用的東西,使我終身用之不盡。

壞處

好處我陷在一個可怕的荒島上，沒有重見天日的希望。我現(xiàn)在被剔出來，與世隔絕，困苦萬狀。我與人類隔絕，仿佛一個隱士。我沒有衣服穿。我沒有抵御野人和野獸襲擊的防御力和手段。我沒有人可以說話，也沒有人來解除我的愁悶。但我還活著，沒有想我同船的伙伴們一樣，被水淹死。但我也從全體船員中被剔出來，獨(dú)免一死，上帝既然用神力把我從死亡里救出來，一定也會救我脫離這個境地。但我并未因?yàn)闆]有糧食，餓死在這不毛之地。但我是在一個熱帶氣候里，即使有衣服，也穿不住。但我所流落的島上，沒有我在非洲看到的那種野獸。假使我在那里覆了舟，我又將怎樣？但上帝卻不可思議把我送到海岸附近，使我可以從里面取出許多有用的東西，使我終身用之不盡。FridayFridayisloyaltoRobinson.hehasnotemperandheisoutgoing,kindhearted.FridaytoRobinsoniswhatachildtofather,

wheneverandwhateveritis,FridaypreferstosacrificehimselftoprotectRobinson.Robinsonhassavedapoorsavage’slifeandsoul,hislonelyisland,itisFridaywhoreleaseRobinsondeepinnerpressure.buthefeelssuperiortoFriday,heasksFridaytocallhimself“master”,thatimplieshisambitiontodominateandcolonizeothersavagetribes.excusetocolonizationbythewhite.Thebookprovedsopopularthatthenameofthetwomainprotagonistshaveenteredthelanguage.Theterm“RobinsonCrusoe”isvirtuallysynonymouswiththeword”castaway”andisoftenusedasametaphorforbeingrejected.IdiomsfromthebookRobinsonCrusoeusuallyreferredtohisservantasMymanFriday,

fromwhichthetermManFridayoriginated,referringtoadedicatedpersonalassistant,servant,

orcompanion.EveryonecanbeabandonedonthedesertislandlikeRobinson,

thetruthisevenwearenowlivingaroundinahustleandbustleoflargecrowds,westillhavealotofmomenttobealone,

toworkourownpathoflifeallalone.butluckily,whatRobinsonCrusoeshowsusis:solitudeisnotahorriblething;thereallysadthingiswecannotstandonourownfeetinthemiseryofthatendlessloneliness.Deeper

meaning

Heisconsideredoneofthegreatestfictionwritersof18th-centuryEngland.Defoewasaverygoodstory-teller.Hehadagiftfororganizingminute(carefulandexact)detailsinsuchavividwaythathisstoriescouldbebothcredibleandfascinating.Hissentencesaresometimesshort,crispandplain,andsometimeslongandrambling,whileleaveonthereaderanimpressionofcasualnarration.Hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular.Thereisnothingartificialinhislanguage:itiscommonEnglishatitsbest.

AdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe

ThestoryofRobinsonCrusoeiswell-knownthroughouttheworld.IttellsofhowRobinsonCrusoe,anEnglishmariner,havingshipwreckedonanisland,managedtostruggleforlivefor28yearsthereandrescuedablackman,whomhenamedFriday,fromthecannibals(personwhoeatshumanflesh).Later,Robinsongotholdofashipandsailedhome.Thebook’s“realistic”touchandingenuity(originality)arousedgreatinterestfromthereadersbothinEnglandandabroad.

ThestorywasbasedonthelifeofAlexanderSelkirk,whowasputashoreonanuninhabitatedislandandspent5yearsthere.Defoewasprobablyfamiliarwithseveralversionsofthistale,andaddedmanyincidentsfromhisownimaginationtohisaccountofCrusoe,presentingitasatruestory.ThestorystartswithRobinsonCrusoe’srunningawayfromhome.Aninexperiencedteenagerandayoungmanfullofbrightfanciesaboutthefuture,henaturallychoosesgoingtosea,becauseinthosedaysitmeantachancetoliveachivalrouslife,toseethewondersoftheworldandtomakeafortune.

Aftermanysetbacksandadventuresonthesea,hesettlesdowninBrazilasaplanter.Butthecalloftheseaissostrongthathesoonembarksonanothervoyage,thistime,toAfrica.Unfortunatelyafrightfulstormblowstheboatoffitscourseandshipwrecksitnearanisland.

Ofalltheship’screwRobinsonaloneescapestotheshoreafterstrenuousefforts.Aftersalvagingfromthewreckedshipsomestoresofnecessitiessuchasbread,rice,barley,corn,planks,leadandgunpowder,anaxeandtwosaws,whichhelatermanagestobringtotheislandwithaself-maderaft.Afterseveralfutileattemptstoleavetheisland,Robinsonsettleshimselfdowntoahardandlonelylife.

Hegrowscrops,domesticatesanimalsandbuildscomfortablehomeshimself.HislifetakesaturnforthebetterwhenhesavesfromthehandsofsavagesayoungNegro,whomhenamesFriday.RobinsonteacheshimEnglishandeducateshiminsuchawaythatFridaysoonbecomesaloyalservantandanindispensablehelptohim.FinallytheyarepickedupbyanEnglishshipandreturntoEngland.Thusendsthefirstpartofthestory.

InRobinsonCrusoe,DefoetracesthegrowthofRobinsonfromana?veandartless（simple,innocent）youthintoashrewdandhardened(strong-minded)man,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.TherealisticaccountofthesuccessfulstruggleofRobinsonsingle-handedlyagainstthehostilenatureformsthebestpartofthenovel.

Robinsonisherearealhero:atypicaleighteenth-centuryEnglishmiddle-classman,withagreatcapacityforwork,inexhaustibleenergy,courage,patienceandpersistenceinovercomingobstacles,instrugglingagainstthehostilenaturalenvironment.Heistheveryprototypeoftheempirebuilder,thepioneercolonist.

Asamemberofthemiddleclass,Defoespokeforandtothemembersofhisclassandhisnovelsenjoyedgreatpopularityamongthelesscultivatedreaders.Inmostofhisworks,hegavehispraisetothehard-working,sturdy(不屈的)middleclass.

37LifeontheislandCharactersofRobinson

Robinson’scompanionsToolsandfoodCrusoeVisitstheWreck

TheFootprintCrusoeSavesFridayfromtheCannibalsPlotoverviewBackgroundPericopesDefoe’smasterpiececonsistingofthreevolumes,onlythefirstoneverypopular,publishedinhundredsofeditionsandscoresoflanguagesbasedontheexperiencesofAlexanderSelkirk,acaptainlivedaloneinanislandfor5yearscreatingavisualpicturethatmanifestshowhumanhistoryhasdevelopedfromtheprimitivetothefeudalandthentothecapitalisticinthe18thcentury

AboutRobinsonCrusoe

aglorificationofbourgeoisqualitiesofindividualism,privateenterprise,andevenoflaboritsdetailstoldinasimple,straightforwardstyle,addingtotherealisticeffectofthestorystartingthetraditionofrealisticdescriptionandpresentingauthenticdetailswhichareimportantforthelaterdevelopmentofthenovel.

About

RobinsonCrusoe

attheearlystage,anindividuallaborer,andthenamaster,untilatlastanexploiter,acolonizer.animageofanenterprisingEnglishmanofthe18thcenturyanembodimentofthespiritofindividualenterpriseandcolonialexpansion.amanstrugglingagainstnatureandhumanfate,withindomitablewill.

Thehero:RobinsonCrusoe

RobinsonCrusoe

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FridayisloyaltoRobinson.Hehasnotemperandheisoutgoing,kindhearted.FridaytoRobinsoniswhatachildtofather.Wheneverandwhateveritis,FridaypreferstosacrificehimselftoprotectRobinson.

Friday

RobinsonCrusoe

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AlthoughRobinsonhastestedFridaymanytimes,Friday’sbehaviordoesn’tdisappointhim,Fridayproveshisloyalty.Robinsonhassavedapoorsavage’slifeandsoul,hefeelsveryhappy.Inthislonelyisland,itisFridaywhoreleaseRobinsondeepinnerpressure.Friday’sappearancemakesRobinsonnotsoconfused.Hebecomespositivetolife.

Infact,

everyonelivinginnoisysocietywillhavethefeelingofloneliness,Robinsonisamemberintherealsocietyandheisthemodelofourselves.Fridayistheinnertrueegosinourhearts.Heleadsustofindthedirectionsandhelpsustoovercomethedifficulty.Friday

Characteristicofthestyleandlanguagesimplelanguage,concisedescription,andwell-knitplotconstruction.FeaturesofDanielDefoe’snovelsDanielDefoeisrememberedchiefly,forhisnovels.Thecentralideaofhisnovelsisthatmanisgoodandnoblebynaturebutmaysuccumbtoanevilsocialenvironment.Thewriterwantstomakeitclearthatsocietyisthesourceofvariouscrimesandvices.DanielDefoe’sintentionisthatthereadersshouldregardhisnovelsastruestories.Forthisreason,hedeliberatelyavoidsallarts,allfinewritings,sothatthereadershouldconcentrateonlyonaseriesofplausible(似乎真實(shí)的)events.DanielDefoe’snovelsalltaketheformofmemoirsorpretendedhistoricalnarratives,everythinginthemgivingtheimpressionofreality.Man’sstrugglesagainstnatureGlorificationofthebourgeoismenwhohasthecourageandwilltofacehardshipanddeterminationtoimprovehislivelihood.Glorificationoflabor(Robinsonlivesonhisownhands)ThemeOneoftherepresentativeoftherisingbourgeoisieAnenterprisingEnglishmanAlaborer,ahard-workingindustriousandintelligentmanAtypicalcolonizer,explorer,andaforeigntrader;Heisalert,vigorousandresourcefulTheimageof

Robinson

Crusoe

CharacterizationofCrusoeDefoetracesthedevelopmentofCrusoefromana?veandartlessyouthintoacleverandhardenedmantemperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.Crusoeisaherowithundauntedwillandpower.

CrusoerepresentsatypicaloftheEnglishbourgeoisieattheearlystagesofitsdevelopment,practical,religiousandmindfulofhisownprofits.Crusoeiscondemnedasanimageofacolonist,forhesupportsNegro-slaveryandteachesthefirstword“master”toFriday.

Afriend/servantofCrusoe’s,hespendsanumberofyearsontheislandwiththemaincharacter,whosaveshimfromcannibalisticdeath.FridayisbasicallyCrusoe’sprotege,alivingexampleofreligiousjustificationoftheslaveryrelationshipbetweenthetwomen.HiseagernesstoberedoneintheEuropeanimageissupposedtoconveythatthisimageisindeedtherightone.FridayCrusoe’sshockingdiscoveryofasinglefootprintonthesandisoneofthemostfamousmomentsinthenovel,anditsymbolizeshisconflictedfeelingsabouthumancompanionship.Crusoehasearlierconfessedhowmuchhemissescompanionship,yettheevidenceofamanonhisislandsendshimintoapanic.Immediatelyheinterpretsthefootprintnegatively,astheprintofthedevilorofanaggressor.ThisinstinctivelynegativeandfearfulattitudetowardothersmakesusconsiderthepossibilitythatCrusoemaynotwanttoreturntohumansocietyafterall,andthattheisolationheisexperiencingmayactuallybehisidealstate.

TheSymbolic

meaning

ofthefootprint

Realisticstyle,truetolife,indetailsSmooth,simple,colloquiallanguageLongsentencesareloose;shortsentencesareplain,easytounderstandPresentsfactsinorder,themeaningisclearWritingstyleToreaditpolitically,wemayinterpretthestoryasanartisticprojectionofcolonialexpansion.Crusoe,backedbyadvancedtechnology(thegun),conquersalesscivilizedpeoplerepresentedbyManFriday.Thoughtheybecomegoodfriends,Fridayhasremainedaservant,ifnotaslave,tohismasterCments

Toreaditsocially,wefindthatCrusoe’sadventuresimplydifferentWesternculturalvalues.Thisnovelsingsasongof“thedignityoflabor,”asloganwhichthebourgeoisieusedtojustifytheiraccumulationofwealththoughdiligentworkandcolonialexpansion.Robinsonisaself-mademan.Hesucceedsincreatinganewlifeallthroughhisownefforts.

Thenovelalsoexploresthethemeof“backtonature.”IndustrializationbroughtEnglandmaterialwealth,butitalsoendedthepeacefullifeinthecountrysideandcreatedappallingpovertyinthecity.Thenovelexpressedadesiretogobacktoamoreeconomicandbasiclifestyle.

Thereisalsothethemeof“religiousdevotion.”Completelyseparatedfromcivilization,Crusoereflectsuponman’sfrailtyandGod’smercy.JustasMosescameoutofthewildernesswithafullerunderstandingofthesustainingpowerofreligion,Crusoefindstheneed,afterbeingthrownintothewildernessoftheisland,forprayerandrepentance,andfindsthatinnerpeacedoesnotcomefrommaterialpossessionsbutfromcommunicationwithGod.RobinsonCrusoe

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Crusoesaveaprisoner,naminghisnewcompanion"Friday"afterthedayoftheweekheappeared.CrusoethenteacheshimEnglish.Lastpart:RobinsonCrusoe

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FridayisextremelygratefulandbecomesRobinson'sdevotedservant.HelearnssomeEnglishandtakesontheChristianreligion.Forsomeyearsthetwolivehappily.

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Part5:RobinsonCrusoe

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Then,anothershipofsavagesarriveswiththreeprisoners.TogetherCrusoeandFridayareabletosavetwoofthem.OneisaSpaniard;theotherisFriday'sfather.Theirreunionisveryjoyous.Bothhavecomefromthemainlandcloseby.Clicktoaddtitleinhere

Following:RobinsonCrusoe

ClicktoaddtitleinhereWiththehelpofhisnewworkers,Crusoeincreaseshisagriculturalcapacity.

Afterafewmonths,theyleavetobringbacktherestoftheSpaniard'smen.Crusoeishappythathisislandisbeingpeopled.Whatwillhappennext

following:RobinsonCrusoe

ClicktoaddtitleinhereBeforetheSpaniardandFriday'sfathercanreturn,aboatofEuropeanmen

comesashore.Therearethreeprisoners.Whilemostofthemenareexploringtheisland.Whatwillhappennext

following:RobinsonCrusoe

ClicktoaddtitleinhereCrusoesavesthem.Helearnsfromonethatheisthecaptainofashipwhosecrewmutinied.Robinsonsayshewillhelpthemaslongastheyleavetheauthorityoftheislandinhishands,andaslongastheypromisetotakeFridayandhimselftoEnglandforfree.Sotheyfightwiththeirenemieswisely.

following:RobinsonCrusoe

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FridayisloyaltoRobinson.Hehasnotemperandheisoutgoing,kindhearted.FridaytoRobinsoniswhatachildtofather.Wheneverandwhateveritis,FridaypreferstosacrificehimselftoprotectRobinson.

AlthoughRobinsonhastestedFridaymanytimes,Friday’sbehaviordoesn’tdisappointhim,Fridayproveshisloyalty.Robinsonhassavedapoorsavage’slifeandsoul,hefeelsveryhappy.Inthislonelyisland,itisFridaywhoreleaseRobinsondeepinnerpressure.Friday’sappearancemakesRobinsonnotthatconfused.Hebecomespositivetolife.

Friday

FragmentappreciationRobinsonCrusoeIhadbeentellinghimhowthedevilwasgod'senemyintheheartsofmen,andusedallhismaliceandskilltodefeatthegooddesignsofprovidence,andtoruinthekingdomofChristintheworld,andthelike.——“Well,”saysFriday,“butyousay,godissostrong,sogreat,ishenotmuchstrong,muchmightastheDevil?“——“Yes,yes,”saysI,“Friday,godisstrongerthanthedevil,Godisabovethedevil,andthereforewepraytoGodtotreadhimdownunderourfeet,andenableustoresisthistemptationsandquenchhisfierydarts.“——”But”,saysheagain,“ifgodmuchstrong,muchmightasthedevil,whygodnokilltheDevil,somakehimnomoredowicked?“RobinsonCrusoe我又告訴他，在人們心里，魔鬼是上帝的敵人。他一貫心存惡意，使盡陰謀詭計(jì)來破壞上帝善良的計(jì)劃，試圖毀滅世界上的基督天國等等。于是，星期五說：你說，上帝是強(qiáng)大的，偉大的，他不是比魔鬼更強(qiáng)大、更有力嗎？是的，是的，我說，星期五，上帝比魔鬼更強(qiáng)大，上帝高于魔鬼。因此，我們應(yīng)該祈禱上帝，使我們有力量把魔鬼踩在我們的腳下，并使我們有力量抵制他的誘惑，撲滅他的火箭?？墒牵瞧谖逵謫?，;既然上帝比魔鬼更強(qiáng)大、更有力，為什么上帝不把魔鬼殺死，免得他再作惡事呢？RobinsonCrusoeIsaid,godwillatlastpunishhimseverely;heisreservedforthejudgment,andistobecastintothebottomless-pit,todwellwitheverlastingfire.上帝最終將嚴(yán)懲魔鬼，魔鬼必定受到審判，并將被投入無底的深淵，經(jīng)受地獄之火的熬煉，永世不得翻身。RobinsonCrusoehereturnsuponme,repeatingmyWords,“RESERVE,ATLAST,menounderstand;but,WhynotkilltheDevilnow,notkillgreatago?“他用我的話回問我：最終、必定，我不懂。但是，為什么不現(xiàn)在就把魔鬼殺掉？為什么不老早就把魔鬼殺掉？RobinsonCrusoe“Youmayaswellaskme,“saidI,”WhyGoddoesnotkillyouandI,whenwedowickedthingsherethatoffendhim?Wearepreservedtorepentandbepardoned.”我回答說：你這樣問我，就等于問為什么上帝不把你和我殺掉，因?yàn)?，我們也犯了罪，得罪了上帝。上帝留著我們，是讓我們自己有機(jī)會懺悔，有機(jī)會獲得赦免。

RobinsonCrusoeUponthisIresolvedtodiscovermyselftothem,andlearnsomethingoftheircondition:ImmediatelyImarchedinthefigureasabove,mymanFridayatag