2020-2021學(xué)年全國(guó)(新高考)高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底考試英語試題

年全國(guó)（高考）高下學(xué)期開學(xué)底考試英語試題本試卷滿分120分考試時(shí)間分鐘。第部閱讀解共兩節(jié)，滿分分第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分分閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)、C和），選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AtoOftenconsideredas"TheLostCityoftheIncas",MachuPicchuprobablythemostfamiliarsymboloftheIncaEmpire(印帝).Itwasbuiltaroundtheyear1450,butabandonedahundredyearslater,atthetimetheSpanishconquestoftheIncaEmpire.Forgottenforcenturies,thewasbroughtworldwideattentionin1911byanAmericanhistorian.Sincethen,Picchuhasbecomeanimportanttouristattraction.wasannouncedHeritagein1983.ItisalsooneofNewoftheWorld.Butithasrecentlycometolightthatthesitediscoveredrobbedsecretlyasearlyin1867bybusinessman,AugustoBerns.Aboutfeetabovesealevellocatedonasmallhilltopbetweenmountainrange,themajesticcityrisesabovetheUrabambaValleybelow.Separatedintothree—farmingareas,urbanareas,andreligiousareas—thestructuresarrangedsothatfunctionthebuildingstheoftheirsurroundings.Theagriculturalterracingditches梯和溝)takeadvantageofthenaturalslopes;thelowerareascontainbuildingsoccupiedbyfarmersteachers,andimportantreligiousareasarelocatedcrestofthehill,overlookingthegreenValleythousandsfeetbelow.Hikers,tourists,andtheearlyexplorersdescribesimilaremotionsastheyclimbtheirthroughtheIncaTrail.calltheexperiencemagicalandsaytheareacreatesawonderfulgreenparadise,makingitamustforanyonetravelsPeru.1.WhatwelearnaboutAugustoBernsfromthepassage?A.Hereportedhisfindingtothegovernmentintime.1

B.HethefirstwhodiscoveredtheruinsofMachuPicchu.C.HehelpedmakeMachuPicchuaWorldHeritageD.HeworkedtogetherwithBinghamontheresearchintoMachuPicchu.2.WhendidMachuPicchuanimportanttouristattraction?A.AfterBinghamfoundtheruins.B.AfterSpanishconqueredtheIncaEmpire.C.AfteritwasnamedaUNESCOHeritagesite.D.AfterBerns'workbecameknowntothepublic.3.Whichcanreplaceunderlinedword"crest"intheparagraph?A.Bottom.

B.Centre.C.Valley.D.Top.BBorninLondonin1825,HenryHuxleyoneofthegreatestmenofthenineteenthcentury.In1846,ThomasHenryHuxleyappointedanassistantdoctoraboardHMSRattlesnake.TheshiphadbeenaskedtosurveyareasoftheGreatBarrierReefandtheneighboringseas.ThisHenryHuxleyanopportunitytostudyanimallifewasthestarthisbiologicalcareer.Thevoyagelastedyears,duringtimehegatheredmuchinformationonplankton(浮生.Onhisreturnfromthevoyage,ThomasHenryHuxleywasaoftheRoyalSocietyinrecognitionhiswork.Althoughhecontinuedtopublishpapersaboutplankton,hisinterestwasturningvertebrate脊椎animals.sometimeThomasHenryHuxleyandhisworkmateshadbeendiscussingthepossibilitythatanimalspecieshadevolved化,onefromanother.Nosatisfactorytheorieshadbeenputforward,butinDarwin'sappeared.ThomasHenryHuxleyatoncerealizeditsandtheoryofnaturalselectionprovidedtheworkinghypothesis說sought.FortherestofhislifeThomasHenryHuxleystruggledtoensurethefullrecognitionofDarwin'swork.In1863,ThomasHenryHuxleypublishedinwhichhecomparedmanandgreat.Heclearlyshowedsimilarities.Despitehismanyachievements,wasgivennoawardbyBritishstateuntillateinhisFromabout1870,ThomasHenryHuxleywastooinvolvedinotherthingstocontinueactual2

research.hadalwaysbeeninterestedineducation.Hepioneeredtheteachingbiologyhisofselecting"typeanimals"stillfollowedtoday.Hespentlasttenyearshiswritingessaysmainlybiology.4.WhydidHuxleygoontheA.Toexplorethedeepsea.C.Toworkasadoctoronship.

B.Todoresearchonseaanimals.D.Togatherinformationforpaper.5.HowdidHuxleyreactthetheoryofnaturalselection?A.Hehaddoubtaboutit.C.Hecouldn'tunderstandit.

B.Hethoughthighlyofit.D.Hethoughthedevelopedit6.WhatdoknowaboutHuxley'sMan'sinA.Itdiscussestheofbeings.B.ItfocusesonDarwin'videsevidenceabouttheevolutionofmanfromapes.7.WhatwelearnaboutHuxleythelastparagraph?A.Hecontributedalottobiologyteaching.C.Heanovelistlatehislife.

B.Hecontinuedhisresearchtillhisdeath.D.Henevergotawardsforhisachievements.CThenextyoumakeyourselfhotcupoforcoffee,youmightletabitbeforedrinking.Researcherssaylettingyourhotdrinksoffcouldyouavoidsomekindsofcancer.Infact,theUnitedNations'cancerresearchdecideshotdrinkslead,gasolineandexhaustfumesas"possiblycarcinogenic致癌的Inotherwords,eachonecouldcausecancer.ResearchersattheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC)foundevidencethatdrinkstemperaturesabove65degreesCelsius,swallowed,cancausecanceroftheesophagus食).Theresearchersexaminedfindingsotherstudieswhereandcoffeewereoftenservedat70degreesCelsiusorabove.ThosestudieswereinandAmerica.Indevelopedcountries,healthexpertshavelinkedesophagealcancertosmokingandalcoholic3

drinks.However,thisformofcancermoreinareaswherepeoplehavedrinkshightemperatures.InandtheUnitedStates,manypeopledrinkcoffeeandteaattemperaturesaround60degreesCelsius.theyoftenmilkwhichlowerstheconsiderably.However,tea-drinkersinoftenenjoytheirbeveragesatcloserdegreesCelsius.IntheWorldHealthOrganizationlistedcoffeeas"possiblycarcinogenic".WHOofficialshavesincechangedtheirpositiononthatlisting.Theysuggestthatthetemperatureofyourhotdrinkisgreaterfactorthantheactualdrinkitself.ChristopherWildisdirectoroftheIARC.Hesaidthatresultssuggestthatdrinkingveryhotbeveragesprobablecauseofesophagealcancerandthatitistemperature,ratherthanthedrinksthemselves,thatappearstoberesponsible.8.Whomostprobablysufferscancertheesophagus?A.Agirlwholikescoldmilk.C.Awholikescoffee.

B.Awhodrinksveryhottea.D.AmanwhoworksIARC.9.WhydidWHOremovecoffeefrom"possiblycarcinogenic"list?A.Peopledon'tcoffeeanylonger.C.Coffeehasnothingtodowithcancer.

B.PeopledrinkcoffeeatdegreesCelsius.D.Temperaturedangerousthancoffeeitself.10.Howtheauthormainlysupportthemeoftext?A.Bystudyingexamples.B.Bystartingarguments.C.Byprovidingresearchresults.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HotDrinksLinkedtoCancerC.DangerofDrinkingDrinks

D.Byexplainingstatisticaldata.B.ReduceHavingHotDrinksD.HealthyDrinksDAfacialrecognitionapp,recentlydevelopedbyscientists,willeasiertoidentifypandas.WanYongqing,aBeijingphotographer,visitsSichuanProvincetakeofpandaseveryotheryear.hasthemforthanadecade.friendsabigpandafan.It4

shamethatfindpandaslookwithblackeyesandwhitefur.Itdoesmatterasallpandasaresaid.Yet,identifyingonepandafromanotherdoesmatterresearchers,accordingZhangZhihe,chiefoftheChengdupandaresearchbase."Identifyingindividualpandasimportantforconservationmanagementandresearch.Forcaptive(被)pandas,itisimportantfortheirdailyfeedingschedules,familyanddatamanagement.pandas,ithelpsresearcherstheirpopulationstructureprovidesscientificsupportfortheirprotectionandmanagement,"hesaid.Chinahascarriedoutfourscientificsurveysonwildpandas,andnowhasabigdatabankaboutthem.ThenumberofwildpandasinChinamostlyknown.However,difficulttodetermineage,sex,healthandotherspecificinformationaboutthepopulation."It'sdifficulttotrackandwatchthestructurebecausewildpandastoalone,deepinthemountains,andlivingenvironmentisvast,"Zhangadded.In2017,theChengdubasebeganresearchingindividualpandaidentificationtechnologybyanalyzingimages.Overthepasttwoyears,theyhavebuiltadatabankofmorethan120,000images,over1,000videoclips,andcompletedorganizingnearlyimages.Usingthedatabank,researchershavestartedafacialrecognitionappthatcanaccuratelyrecognizecaptivepandasbyanalyzingcomparinguniquefeaturesofpandafaces.PandaresearchershopethedataandAItechnologywillhelpanalyzedataforbothcaptiveandwildpandas.12.doesYongqingfeelaboutthepandas?A.Theyareboringhim.B.Theyseemattractivehim.C.Theyareeasytorecognize.D.Theylookdifferenthim.13.isitimportanttoidentifyindividualcaptivepandas?A.Itishelpfulforfurtherresearchdatamanagement.B.Ividesthattheyneedprotectioninwild.helpsresearchersbuildtheirlivingenvironment.5

14.makesdifficulttotrackandwatchwildpandas?A.TheyonlyinasmallB.Theydon'tleaveenoughtracks.C.Theyaredifficulttotheforest.D.Theylivealonedeepthemountains.15.isnecessaryforfacialrecognitionappwell?A.Thedatabankofpandas.B.Thestructureofpandas.C.TheinventionofAItechnology.D.Theuniquefeaturesofpandafaces.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分滿分12.5分根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)項(xiàng)有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThecompanyAmazonhaslaunchedastorenotrequireyoutostandinacheckoutsomeonetoprocessyour_____16____Peopletheenterthestore,choosetheproductstheyleavestorewiththem.ThecompanyopeneditsfirstAmazonstorethisweekinthestateWashington,aftermoreayearoftesting.firstneeddownloadtheapp._____17____Onceinside,hundredsandelectronicsensorsfollowpeople'sandrecordtheproductschosen.Theproductsareplacedintheapp'svirtualshoppingcart.Inotherwords,theappeverythingchosenbythecustomer.Ifyoudecideagainstbuyingoneormoreproductsbeforeleavingthestore,______18____Theartificialintelligenceortechnology.Atofvisit,thecustomerjustwalksoutofthestorewithallthedesiredproducts.Paymentisautomaticallythroughapp,islinkedtothebuyer'screditcard.firstAmazonsmallfoodmarket,sellingmainlyready-to-eatproductsanddrinks.___________Eventhoughthereisnoforcashierstake_____20_____preparefood,whileothersrefillproductsuppliesassistcustomers.6

Amazonhasyettoannounceplansforadditionalstores.Lastyear,theonlineboughtU.S.-basedWholeFoodsMarket,givingthestores.AmazonithasnoplansaddthetechnologythelargerandmoreWholeFoodsmarkets.A.Godoesemployworkers.B.simplyneedanonsmartphone.ItonfirstfloorAmazon'sheadquartersinSeattle.hasyettoannounceplansforadditionalGostores.E.Itisacomputerprogramthathelpsyougainentrythestore.thesoftwareautomaticallyremovesthoseitemsfromitsG.othercompaniesareworkingtocreateartificialintelligence-poweredstores.第部語言識(shí)用共兩節(jié)，滿分分第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分滿分15分閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)、、和），選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。TherewhenItobeafashiondesigner,model,orarockstarupallofthemhalfway.thingIstuckwithwasdrawing.That'swhyofSelfLove"projectwasbothajoya21.TheruleIformyselfsimple:oneself-portrait自畫像dayfordays.23myadvice,Iwantedtoachievesomethingoutsidejob.Inour24selfie(自拍addiction,takepicturesofourfacesallthetimewithoutasecond25.Iwantedtotheof"self"andcouldlearn.Iquickly27thatIneverlookedatmyfaceso28.ByaboutDay20,Igotagood29ofwhatIlookcouldmyselfprettywell.Myfacewasfamiliarto—insteadofjustbeingtheinthemirror.IalsogottiredoflookingatmyselfandItodrawsomethingelseotherthanface.last40daysveryhard.Icoulddowastellmyselfnevertogiveup.Finally31tomyselfthatIcoulddoit.Drawingmyfacefor100daysdifficult,butIit!I'mproudthatIfinishedthis32.Itwasgood33thatifsetmindonsomething—andifI'mcrazy7

aboutit—Icandoit.Andifthis,whatelsecan'tI35?21.A.chance22.A.joked23.A.Following24.A.tradition25.A.pause26.A.comeout27.A.realized28.A.confidently29.A.knowledge30.A.picture31.A.proved32.A.project33.A.reminder34.A.probably35.A.prefer

B.challengeB.B.SeekingB.cultureB.decisionB.giveB.understoodB.carefullyB.tasteB.B.explainedB.taskB.practiceB.actuallyB.adopt

giftsetMakingreligionattentionfigureoutconvincedgratefullyfeelingsightconfirmedworktestnaturallytake

sorrowdecidedConsideringthoughtpickexpectedcuriouslysenseshadowgameeffortfinallyachieve第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分分閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。wasannouncedthatChinaachievedsuccessdrillingcombustible燃,afrozen__36___(mix)ofwaterandnaturaltheChinaSea.(official)knownasmethanehydrates甲烷水合,combustibleiceproduceshighofenergywhenburntanditschemicalreactionproducesnothingdioxidewater.Combustibleice,bothcleanandenergy-intensive,__38___(consider)thefuelofthefuture.Manycountries,includingtheUnitedStatesandJapan,___39__(conduct)researchoncombustibleice,butextracting(提)fromthebottomoftheseahasbeenaproblem___40__(trouble)ofthem.ButChinesesucceededdrillingcombustibleicefornearlyeightdays,___41__wasabigbreakthrough.However,itistooearly___42__(say)aenergysourcehasbeenfound.Theworld'scombustiblereservesrangefromtrillioncubictotrillioncubicmeters,which,extracted,couldmeetworld'sdemands___43__80to800yearsatcurrentrates.8

thesuccessfultestdrillingofcombustibleicedoesnotcanbeextractedfor(industry)use.Chinahassolvemanyproblemsbeforeitusecombustibleiceasasourceofenergy.thoughtthatonly___45__earliestmightpeopleabletorealisticcommercialvalues.第部寫作共兩節(jié)，滿分40分第一節(jié)（滿分15分假如你是李華校學(xué)生會(huì)計(jì)劃在報(bào)告廳一樓組織一次中文書法展覽根下列提示給你校學(xué)生寫一篇英文書面通知，鼓勵(lì)他們踴躍提交作品。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：舉的目的、時(shí)間及地點(diǎn)；參作品的要求參的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。注意：詞80左右；可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：書法展覽calligraphyexhibition參作品_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)（滿分25分閱讀下面材料根其內(nèi)容和所段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為左。Jennywasbright-eyed,prettyfive-year-olddaywhensheandhermotherwerecheckingoutatthegrocerystore,Jennysawaplasticpearlnecklacewhichwaspricedat$2.50.Howwantedthatnecklace,andwhensheaskedhermotherifshewouldbuyforher,hermothersaid,"Well,itisaprettynecklace,butitanawfullotofmoney.I'lltellyouwhat.I'llbuythenecklace,andwhenwehomewecanmakealistchoresthatyoucandotopayfornecklace.Anddon'tforgetthatforbirthdayjustmightgiveyouadollarbill,too.Jennyhappily,herboughtthepearlnecklaceforher.9

Jennyonchoreseveryday,sureherherbrand-newdollarbillforherbirthday.SoonJennyhadpaidoffthepearls.HowJennylovedthosepearls!woretokindergarten,bedandevenwhenouthermothertorunerrands.Theonlytimeshedidn'twearthemwasintheshower,becausehertoldthattheyturngreen!JennyhadverylovingDaddy.Jennywenttobed,hewouldgetupfromhisfavoritechairnightandreadJennyfavoriteOnenightwhenfinishedstory,Jenny,sweetie,youloveme?""Ohyes,youloveyou,"thelittlegirlsaidwithasmile."Well,then,giveyourpearls.""Oh!Daddy,notmypearls!"Jennyrefused."ButyoucanhaveRosy,myfavoritedoll.her?Yougavetolastyearforbirthday.Andyoucanherpartyoutfit全套服),too."Ohdarling,that'sokay."Herbrushedherwithakiss."Goodnight,littleone."Paragraph1:weekonceJennysamestory,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:weekcameaasusual,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10

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答案以及解第部閱讀解第一節(jié)A答案：解析1.細(xì)理解題。由第一段末的"Butithasrecentlycometolightthatthesitebeendiscoveredandrobbedsecretlyasearlyasinbybusinessman,AugustoBerns."可得出答案。細(xì)理解題。由第一段中的…thesitewasbroughttoattentionin1911byHiramBingham,anAmericanhistorian.Sincethen,MachuPicchuhasbecomeanimportanttouristattraction."可得出答案。詞猜測(cè)題。由后文的overlooking可看出，宗教區(qū)位于山頂。故選。B答案：CBDA解析：細(xì)節(jié)理題。根據(jù)第一段第二句In1846,ThomasHenryHuxleywasappointedanassistantdoctorHMS可知航是因?yàn)樗诖袭?dāng)醫(yī)生。細(xì)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句HenryHuxleyatoncerealizeditsandhowthetheoryofnaturalselectionprovidedtheworkinghypothesis(假說sought.知，Huxley對(duì)然選擇理論評(píng)價(jià)很高。細(xì)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句1863,ThomasHenryHuxleypublishedMan'sPlaceNatureinwhichhecomparedmanandgreat猿.Heclearlyshowed可，ThomasHenryHuxley的書《人類在自然界的位置》為人類從類人猿化而來提供了證據(jù)，故選。推判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知他一直對(duì)教育感興趣，他是生物學(xué)教學(xué)的先鋒，他選擇"類群動(dòng)物的方法一直沿用至今，他生命的最十年主要是寫有關(guān)生物學(xué)的論文。由此推斷出，對(duì)物教學(xué)做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)，故選。C答案：解析：細(xì)節(jié)理題。根據(jù)第三"ResearchersattheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC)foundevidencethatdrinksattemperaturesabove65degreesCelsius,12

swallowed,cancausecancertheesophagus."知，喝溫度在℃以上的飲料會(huì)引發(fā)食道癌，故選B項(xiàng)細(xì)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的WHOofficialshavesincechangedtheirpositiononthatlisting.Theynowsuggestthetemperatureofdrinkisgreaterriskfactoractualdrink可，世界衛(wèi)生組織將咖啡從可致”單上去掉，是因?yàn)橄啾扔陲嬃媳旧恚瑹犸嫷臏囟葘?duì)健康的影響更大。10.理判斷題。作者是通過敘述研究結(jié)果以及研者的觀點(diǎn)來支撐本文的主題，即過熱的飲料會(huì)引發(fā)食道癌，故選C項(xiàng)11.標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段二"Researcherssaylettingyourhotdrinkscooloffcouldhelpyouavoidsomekindscancer."和最后一段中的istemperature,ratherthedrinksthemselves,thatappearstobe并合全文內(nèi)容知文要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即過熱的飲料會(huì)引發(fā)食道癌，故選A項(xiàng)。D答案：BADA解析：細(xì)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Itdoesnotmatterallpandasarecuteto（這并不重要，因?yàn)樗械男茇垖?duì)我來說都很可愛"可知，熊貓對(duì)an來很吸引力。細(xì)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中captivepandas,importantfortheirdailyfeedingschedules,familybackgroundand（對(duì)于圈養(yǎng)的熊貓來說，這對(duì)它們的日常喂養(yǎng)計(jì)劃、家庭背景和數(shù)據(jù)管理都很重要）可，別圈養(yǎng)大熊貓個(gè)體很重要是因?yàn)檫@有助于進(jìn)一步的研究和數(shù)據(jù)管理。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題第段"becausewildpandastendlivealone,deepthemountains,andtheirlivingvast（為野生大熊貓往往是獨(dú)居的，生活在山區(qū)，而且它們的生存環(huán)境非常廣闊可知，野生大熊貓往是獨(dú)居的，生活在深山，因此難以追蹤。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Usingthedatabank,researchershavestartedafacialrecognitionappthatcanaccuratelyrecognizecaptivepandasbyanalyzingandcomparingtheuniquefeaturesofpanda可，熊貓數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是熊貓識(shí)別應(yīng)用程序正常運(yùn)行的必要條件。第二節(jié)答案：BEFCA解析：根下文的“with”知B中的anappona”13

為同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。17.上提到了“theGo這款應(yīng)用E項(xiàng)對(duì)這款應(yīng)用的介紹。18.上文提到“如果你在離開商店前決定放棄購(gòu)買一件或多件商品”項(xiàng)軟件會(huì)自動(dòng)從內(nèi)存中刪除這些商品”可承接上文。19.上文是對(duì)這家無人超市所出售商品的介紹C項(xiàng)有關(guān)這家無人超市的具體位置，前后兩句銜接自然。20.根據(jù)下文的“一些人準(zhǔn)備食物，而另一些人則補(bǔ)充產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)和幫助顧客”可知亞馬遜也雇用員工。第部語言識(shí)用第一節(jié)答案：BCABD26-30CABDB31-35解析：根下文中oneself-portrait自畫像）dayfor100days并合全文可知作者要堅(jiān)持畫自畫100天這對(duì)于作者來說很難，是個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)challenge22.由語境可知此處表示作者自己設(shè)定規(guī)則set為設(shè)置，設(shè)。23.根據(jù)語境可知是聽從）己內(nèi)心的聲，想在工作之外做一些事情。24.根據(jù)語境及常識(shí)可知，我現(xiàn)在是在一個(gè)沉迷于自拍的文化氛圍中，故culture。25.在這么一個(gè)自拍成風(fēng)的文氛圍中，人們不假思索地自拍athought意不假思。26.作者想弄清楚（）自的義，并看看自己可以學(xué)到什么。27.作很快意到（）自己從來沒有如此仔細(xì)地看過自己的。28.根據(jù)上一題的解析可知此表示作者很快意識(shí)到自己從來沒有如此仔細(xì)地）過自己的臉。29.了大約第二十天的時(shí)候，作者能夠很好地理解自己的長(zhǎng)相了。goodsense意