人教版高中英語必修四Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour-語法篇(學(xué)生版)

Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour語法篇要求學(xué)生掌握本單元的重點(diǎn)語法 動詞的-ing形式作表語，定語，賓語補(bǔ)足語并能熟練運(yùn)用相關(guān)語法知識解決相應(yīng)類型的題。、動詞的-ing形式由“動詞原形+ing形式”構(gòu)成，它既是現(xiàn)在分詞形式，也是動名詞形式。 v-ing能在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。其時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化為時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)主動被動一＞時(shí)doingbeingdone完成時(shí)havingdonehavingbeendone(1)動詞-ing分為動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞兩類。(2)動名詞兼有動詞和名詞的特征，可在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和定語。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞兼有動詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，可在句中充當(dāng)定語、表語、補(bǔ)語和狀語。三、動詞-ing作表語.作表語的動詞-ing所體現(xiàn)的是名詞的特性， 用于對主語的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說明， 可表示抽象或習(xí)慣上的動作，且主語和表語可以換位。E.g.Herjobiscleaningthebuilding.她的工作是打掃樓房。.作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞是形容詞性的，表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征，這時(shí)通?？醋餍稳菰~，且主語與表語不可換位。E.g.Thoughthejobisboring,hehastodoittomakealiving.盡管這份工作無趣，為了謀生他也只好做。四、v.-ing形式作定語.動詞-ing作定語表示名詞的屬性或事物的用途時(shí)，一般只能作前置定語。E.g.Nowheiswaitingforyouinthewaitingroom.(表示用途)現(xiàn)在他在候診室里等著你。.動詞-ing兼有動詞、形容詞和副詞的特征時(shí)，可以作前置定語 (具有動詞、形容詞的特征)，也可以作后置定語(兼有動詞、形容詞和副詞的特征)，表示正在進(jìn)行的動作或某種狀態(tài)， 單個(gè)動詞-ing作定語時(shí)，常放在所修飾的名詞之前；動詞-ing短語作定語時(shí)，常放在所修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。E.g.Thegirlstandingthere(=Thegirlwhoisstandingthere)ismyclassmate.第1頁/共5頁站在那里的女孩是我的同學(xué)。五、動詞-ing作補(bǔ)語動詞-ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動性的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞 -ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語。E.g.Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.（賓語補(bǔ)足語）那老板讓工人整夜地工作。E.g.Theworkerswerekeptworkingthewholenight.（主語補(bǔ)足語 ））位于感官動詞后 （see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，notice等）。E.g.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.我感到有人拍我的肩膀。）位于使役動詞后（have，make，let，get，keep，set，catch等）。E.g.Hegottheclockgoingagain.他讓鐘表又走了起來。）用于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中。E.g.Withthelightburning,hefeltasleep.燈亮著，他睡著了。六、難點(diǎn)突破1.作表語的動詞－ ing形式，許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的，用來修飾物，常見的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing,astonishing,此類形容詞意為：令人 的。E.g.Theproblemispuzzling，whicheasilymakespeoplepuzzled.這個(gè)問題是令人迷惑的，很容易讓人迷惑不解。2.see，hear，feel，watch等動詞之后用動詞-ing和動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別。動詞-ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，表示動作正在進(jìn)行；而動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，表示 （或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。E.g.Whenwepassedtheclassroom，wesawastudentplayingthepiano.（動作在進(jìn)行 ）當(dāng)我們經(jīng)過教室時(shí)，我們看見一個(gè)學(xué)生在彈鋼琴。E.g.Wewatchedourteachermakeanexperimentduringyesterday'sclass.（動作全過程 ）在昨天的課上，我們觀看老師做了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。若用短暫性動詞的某個(gè)形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，其不定式短語表示一個(gè)動作，而其 -ing則表示反復(fù)動作。E.g.Weheardthedoorslam.（一次動作）我們聽見門“砰”的一聲關(guān)上了。E.g.Weheardthedoorslamming.（反復(fù)動作）我們聽見了“砰砰砰”的關(guān)門聲例1（.2019江西吉安段考）Afewdaysaftertheinterview，Ireceivedaletter meadmissiontotheuniversity.A.havingoffered B.offered C.tobeoffered D.offering例2.Theprogramwassofascinatingthatthechildrenkepttheireyes onthescreen.A.tofix B.tobefixed C.fixed D.fixing例3.（2019四川） Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts aftergreateffort.A.havingdeveloped B.todevelop C.developed D.develop第2頁/共5頁第第頁/共5頁例4.(2019北京)TherearestillmanyproblemsbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.A.solving B.solved C.beingsolved D.tobesolved例5.Volunteeringgivesyouachancelives,includingyourown.A.change B.changing C.changed D.tochange基礎(chǔ)演練完成句子.Thisisa(口頭協(xié)議)..Hecan'tputupwith(老板對他的虐待)..Noone(滿足于)whathehas.twill(嚇你一跳)tohearwhatIpaidforthisring.5.Hefellinthewater,(逗得孩子們樂不可支).6.Heis(不是個(gè)成功的藝術(shù)家),butasuccessasanartteacher.6.(injure)inthelegmadeitimpossibleforhimtowalkhiswayhome.7.Iwaslate,but(幸運(yùn)地)themeetinghadn'tstarted..Hecan'tspeak(滿滿一口f食物)..Helooked(直接地)atme..He(挑選了一條領(lǐng)帶)towearwithhissuit.鞏固提高用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Asyouknow,seeingis(believe).(take)exercisedoesgreatgoodtoyourhealth.Wesawthemanager(pick)upthetelephoneandmakeacall.Lookatthe(fly)bird.It'snice!Iwanttobuya(wash)machineformymother.Todothatwouldbe(cut)thefoottofittheshoe.Wewereallvery(surprise)atthenews.Ifounditvery(surprise).Hegaveusan(inspire)speech.Wewereall(inspire).完成句子I'm;Idon'tmindwhatIwear.(particular)我對衣服不是很挑剔；我不介意穿什么。Irecently.(occasion)最近我經(jīng)常遇見她。Hewithoutanyonenoticing.(slide)在沒有任何人注意的情況下，他溜進(jìn)了一個(gè)房間。Hetoldsomejokes.(amuse)他說了一些笑話來逗樂那個(gè)在哭鬧的孩子。Whenthepartyended,thewholeroom.(leave)當(dāng)宴會結(jié)束時(shí)，整個(gè)房間都亂七八糟。Sheaboutwhatshehadheard.(whisper)她悄悄地給我說了她聽到的一些事。Theybyburstingintolaughter.(react)對他說的笑話，他們回應(yīng)以大笑。thateveryonecouldunderstandit.(explanation)他的解釋很清楚，每個(gè)人都能夠理解。Hethathecouldn'tdrivehome.(drunk)他醉得厲害，不能開車回家。Weyesterday.(do)我們本應(yīng)該昨天購物的。單項(xiàng)選擇Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeopletheopeningceremonyliveonTV.A.watch B.towatch C.watched D.watchingthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.A.Find B.Finding C.Tofind D.FoundWe'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneedstoachievethefinalsuccess.A.beingdone B.do C.tobedone D.todoToadytherearemoreairplanesmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.A.carry B.carrying C.carried D.tobecarryingWhenwesawtheroadwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.A.block B.toblock C.blocking D.blocked一、單項(xiàng)選擇.(2019福建卷)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.A.Spending B.Spent C.Havingspent D.Tospend(2019福建卷)Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying.A.connected B.connecting C.toconnect D.tobeconnected(2019湖南卷)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.A.Understanding B.TobeunderstoodC.Beingunderstood D.Havingunderstood(2019湖南卷)Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,atthenightsky.A.tostare B.staring C.stared D.havingstared(2019湖南卷)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthought第4頁/共5頁andinnerquietness.A.HavingfreedB.FreedC.TofreeD.FreeingA.HavingfreedB.FreedC.TofreeD.Freeing6.（2019江蘇卷）6.（2019江蘇卷）Hislecture,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.A.beinggivenhavinggiventobegivenhavingbeengiven（2019江西卷）nearlyallourmoneywecouldn'taffordtostayatahotel.A.HavingspentTospentC.SpentA.beinggivenhavinggiventobegivenhavingbeengiven（2019江西卷）nearlyallourmoneywecouldn'taffordtostayatahotel.A.HavingspentTospentC.SpentD.Tohavespent8.（2019江西卷）8.（2019江西卷）Heisthoughtfoolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.A.toactB.tohaveactedC.actingD.havingactedA.toactB.tohaveactedC.actingD.havingacted9.Ashiploadedwithexpensivegoodswasreportedintotheseawithitsoiltosink;givenouttohavesunk;runout9.Ashiploadedwithexpensivegoodswasreportedintotheseawithitsoiltosink;givenouttohavesunk;runoutC.havingsunk;usedupD.tohavesunk;runoutofC.havingsunk;usedupD.tohavesunk;runoutof10.（2019山東卷）Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor10.（2019山東卷）Thereisanotepinnedtothedoorwhentheshopwillopenagain.A.sayingB.saysC.saidD.havingsaid（2019山東卷）It'sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisoneasecurityofficer.A.employedB.beingemployedC.toemployD.employs（2019陜西卷）It，squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikeforaswim?A.togoB.goingA.sayingB.saysC.saidD.havingsaid（2019山東卷）It'sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisoneasecurityofficer.A.employedB.beingemployedC.toemployD.employs（2019陜西卷）It，squ