2023年職稱英語C類衛(wèi)生類考點(diǎn)版打印即可_第1頁
2023年職稱英語C類衛(wèi)生類考點(diǎn)版打印即可_第2頁
2023年職稱英語C類衛(wèi)生類考點(diǎn)版打印即可_第3頁
2023年職稱英語C類衛(wèi)生類考點(diǎn)版打印即可_第4頁
2023年職稱英語C類衛(wèi)生類考點(diǎn)版打印即可_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩28頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

StudiesShowUSSpendingDoesn'tGetBestHealthTheUnitedStatesmayspendtwiceasmuchonhealthcareasotherrichcountriesbutitisnotgettingresultstomat(yī)ch,accordingtothreestudiesreleasedonTuesday.Butinthestudiesoffivewealthycountries,publishedinthejournalHealthAffairs,researchersfoundnosinglenationhadclearlytheworstorbesthealthcaresystem.GerardAndersonatJohnsHopkinsUniversity"sschoolofpublichealthandcolleaguescameupwithalistof21healthfieldstheycouldevenlycompareacrossthefivecountries--Australia,Canada,Britain,NewZealandandtheUnitedStat(yī)es."Noneofthefivecountries...isconsistentlythebestortheworstonall21indicat(yī)ors,"Andersontoldatelephonebriefingforreporters."Ifyouarelookingfortheplacetogetthebestcare,thereisn"tasingleplace....Everycountryhasat(yī)leastoneindicatorwhereitscoresthebestofthefivecountries(and)eachcountryhasatleastoneindicatorwhereitscorestheworstofthefivecountries."But,hesaid,theUnitedStatesisnotgettingvalueformoney."TheUnitedStat(yī)esshouldbeparticularlyconcernedabouttheseresults,giventhatwespendtwiceasmuchonhealthcareasanyothercountry.Sospendingmoredoesn"tnecessarilyresultinbetteroutcomes."Anderson"sgroupofinternationalhealthexpertssponsoredbyTheCommonwealthFundspentfiveyearsworkingonthestudy,gettingthelatest-possibledatafromthefivecountriesonareassuchasbreastcancerandleukemiasurvival,suiciderat(yī)es,deathratesfromasthma,vaccinationratesandcancerscreening.研究表白,美國的消費(fèi)沒有得到最佳的醫(yī)療美國也許會花兩倍保健其他富裕國家卻并沒有得到相應(yīng)的結(jié)果,根據(jù)星期二公布的三的研究。但在五個富裕國家的研究,發(fā)表在健康事務(wù)期刊,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),沒有哪個國家有明顯的最佳的衛(wèi)生保健系統(tǒng)。熱拉爾Anderson在約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)的公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院和同事們列出了21個健康領(lǐng)域可以均勻的比較在五個國家——澳大利亞,加拿大,英國,新西蘭和美國。“這五個國家不…始終保持是最佳的或最壞的所有21個指標(biāo),”安德森對記者的電話會議上告訴?!凹偃缒阏业玫阶罴训恼疹櫟牡胤?那里是“T一個地方…每個國家都有至少一個指示器,成績最佳的五個國家(和)每個國家都至少有一個指標(biāo),它的成績最差的五個國家?!钡?他說,美國是沒有得到金錢的價值?!懊绹鴳?yīng)當(dāng)特別關(guān)注這些結(jié)果,由于我們花了兩倍保健為任何其他國家。所以花更多的是“更好的結(jié)果未必的結(jié)果?!卑驳律膰H健康專家由聯(lián)邦基金資助集團(tuán)花了五年的研究工作,獲得的最新數(shù)據(jù)也許來自五個國家地區(qū),如乳腺癌和白血病的生存,自殺率,哮喘死亡率,疫苗接種率和癌癥篩查。第二篇:MostAdultsinUSHaveLowRiskofHeartDiseaseMorethan80percentofUSadultshavealessthan10–percentriskofdevelopingheartdiseaseinthenext10years,accordingtoareportintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Just3percenthaveariskthat(yī)exceeds20percent.“Ihopethatthesenumberswillgivephysicians,researchers,healthpolicyanalysts,andothersabetterideaofhowcoronaryheartdiseaseisdistributedintheUSpopulation,”leadauthorDr.EarlS.Ford,fromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention1inAtlanta,saidinastatement.Thefindingsarebasedonanalysisofdat(yī)afrom13,769subjects,between20and79yearsofage,whoparticipatedintheThirdNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurveyfrom1988to1994.Overall,82percentofadultshadariskoflessthan10percent,15percenthadariskthatfellbetween10to20percent,and3percenthadariskabove20percent.Theproportionofsubjectsinthehighestriskgroupincreasedwithadvancingage,andmenweremorelikelythanwomentobeinthisgroup.2Bycontrast3,raceorethnicityhadlittleeffectonriskdistributions.Althoughthereportsuggeststhatmostadultshavealow10–yearriskofheartdisease,alargeproportionhaveahighorimmediat(yī)erisk4,Dr.DanielS.Berman,fromCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,andDr.NathanD.Wong,fromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine,noteinarelatededitorial.Aggressivetreatmentmeasuresandpublichealthstrategiesareneededtoshifttheoverallpopulationriskdownward,theyadd。第二篇:大多數(shù)成年人在我們的心臟病風(fēng)險低超過百分之80的美國成年人有一個在未來2023中發(fā)生心臟病的風(fēng)險達(dá)成小于10–,根據(jù)美國心臟病學(xué)院雜志的一篇研究報告。百分之3有超過百分之20的風(fēng)險。“我希望這些數(shù)字會給醫(yī)生,研究人員,衛(wèi)生政策分析,和其別人更好地了解冠心病是分布在美國的人口,”重要作者厄爾美國福特,從在亞特蘭大的疾病控制中心和prevention1,在一份聲明中說。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是基于分析的數(shù)據(jù)來自13769個科目,20至79歲,參與了第三次全國健康和營養(yǎng)檢查調(diào)查從1988到1994??傮w而言,百分之82的成年人有一個小于百分之10的風(fēng)險,百分之15有風(fēng)險,下跌10至百分之20之間,百分之3有百分之20以上的風(fēng)險。在高風(fēng)險組的受試者的比例隨著年齡的增長,男性比女性更有也許是這一組中。2

contrast3,種族或種族的影響不大的風(fēng)險分布。雖然報告表白,大多數(shù)成年人都有較低的心臟病風(fēng)險10–年,大比例高或直接risk4,博士丹尼爾S.伯曼,從雪松西奈醫(yī)療中心在洛杉磯,博士和彌敦博士王,來自加州大學(xué)歐文分校,在相關(guān)的編者按。積極的治療措施和公共衛(wèi)生戰(zhàn)略需要轉(zhuǎn)移的整體人口的風(fēng)險下降,加。Smoking?Since1939,numerousstudieshavebeenconductedtodeterminewhethersmokingisahealthhazard.Thetrendoftheevidencehasbeenconsistentandindicatesthat(yī)thereisaserioushealthrisk.Researchteamshaveconductedstudiesthatshowbeyondallreasonabledoubtthattobaccosmokingisassociatedwithashortenedlifeexpectancy.

Cigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungsandcancerofthethroatandisbelievedtoberelat(yī)edtocancerofsomeotheansofthebody.Malecigarettesmokershaveahigherdeathratefromheartdiseasethannon-smokingmales.Femalesmokersarethoughttobelessaffectedbecausetheydonotbreat(yī)heinthesmokesodeeply.

Apartfromstatistics,itmightbehelpfultolookatwhattobaccodoestothehumanbody.Smokeisamixtureofgases,vaporizedchemicals,minuteparticlesofashandothersolids.Thereisalsonicotine,whichispowerfulpoison,andblacktar.Assmokeisbreathedin,allthosecomponentsfromdepositsonthemembranesofthelungs.Onepointofconcentrationiswheretheairtubeandbronchusdivides.Mostlungcancerbeginsatthispoint.

Filtersandlowtartobaccoareclaimedtomakesmokingtosomeextentsafer,buttheycanonlyslightlyreduce,noteliminatethehazards.吸煙自1939以來,已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了大量的研究,以擬定是否吸煙危害健康。證據(jù)的趨勢是一致的,表白存在嚴(yán)重的健康風(fēng)險。研究小組進(jìn)行的研究不容置疑地表白,吸煙與人的預(yù)期壽命的縮短。吸煙是這個領(lǐng)域的大部分研究人員都認(rèn)為在肺癌和喉癌的發(fā)展的重要因素,被認(rèn)為是人體某些器官的癌癥有關(guān)。抽煙的男性有較高的心臟病死亡率比不吸煙的男性。女性吸煙者被認(rèn)為是受影響較小,由于他們吸煙不那么深。除了記錄之外,它也許有助于看煙草對人體有什么。煙霧是一種混合的氣體,氣化的化學(xué)物質(zhì),微小的灰和其他固體顆粒。也有尼古丁,這是強(qiáng)大的毒藥,黑色的焦油。當(dāng)煙被吸入時,所有這些成分從沉淀在肺膜。集中的一點(diǎn)是氣管和支氣管分叉的地方。大部分肺癌開始于這一點(diǎn)。過濾嘴和焦油含量低的煙草被宣稱使抽煙在某種限度上比較安全,但是它們只是略微減少危害,而不能消除。SomesleepdrugsdomorethanmakeyousleepTheUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration1hasorderedcompaniestoplacestrongnewwarningsonthirteendrugsthattreatsleepdisorders.Italsoorderedthemakersofthesleepingpillstoprovideinformationforpatientsexplaininghowtosafelyusethedrugs.LastWednesday,theFDAannouncedthatsomeofthesedrugscanhaveunexpectedanddangerouseffects.Theseincludetheriskoflife-threateningallergicreactions.Theyalsoincluderareincidentsofstrangebehavior.Theseincludepeoplecookingfood,eat(yī)ingandevendrivingwhileasleep.Thepatientslaterhadnomemoryofdoingtheseactivitieswhileasleep.Lastyear,amemberoftheUnitedStatesCongress2saidhehadasleep-drivingincident.Pat(yī)rickKennedy,arepresentativefromRhodeIsland,3crashedhiscarintoasecuritybarriernearthebuildingwherelawmakersmeet.Theaccidenthappenedinthemiddleofthenightandnoonewashurt.Mr.Kennedysaidhehadearliertakenasleepmedicine.Hesaidhewasalsobeingtreatedwithastomachsicknessdrugthatcancausesleepiness.TheFoodandDrugAdministrat(yī)iondidnotsayinitsannouncementhowmanycasesofsleep-drivingithasdocumented.However,theNewYorkTimes4reportedlastyearaboutpeoplewhosaidtheyhadstrangesleepeventsaftertakingthedrugAmbien.Somereportedsleep-drivingandsleep-walking.Otherssaidtheyfoundevidenceafterwakinginthemorningthattheyhadcookedfoodoreatenintheirsleep.Buttheyhadnomemoryofcarryingouttheactivities.AFoodandDrugAdministrationofficialsaysthat(yī)theseserioussideeffectsofsleepdisorderdrugsappeartoberare.But,healsosaidthereareprobablymorecasesthanarereported.5Hesaidtheagencybelievestheriskofsuchbehaviorscouldbereducedifpeopletakethedrugsasdirectedanddonotdrinkalcoholwhiletakingthedrugs.TheFoodandDrugAdministrat(yī)ionhasadviseddrugcompaniestocarryoutstudiestoinvestigatetheproblem.一些睡眠藥物不只使你的睡眠美國食品和藥物administrat(yī)ion1已經(jīng)命令公司在十三種治療睡眠障礙發(fā)生新的強(qiáng)烈的警告。還規(guī)定安眠藥生產(chǎn)商為病人提供信息,解釋如何安全使用藥物。上周三,FDA宣布這些藥物也許故意外的危險的影響。這些涉及危及生命的過敏性反映。他們涉及奇怪的行為。這些人們做飯,吃飯甚至在開車時睡著了。之后病人沒有記憶他做了些什么。去年,美國的一個成員congress2說他有一個睡眠駕車事件。帕特里克甘乃迪,來自羅得島的代表,3把車撞到立法會大樓附近的一個安全屏障。事故發(fā)生在半夜,沒有人受傷。甘乃迪先生說他曾服用了安眠藥。他還說他正在胃痛的藥會導(dǎo)致睡眠的治療。美國食品和藥物管理局的公告中沒有說有多少睡眠駕車事件是有記錄的。然而,紐約4去年報導(dǎo)了一些人說他們吃過藥后有奇怪的睡眠事件。一些報道的睡眠駕駛和步行。有人說早上醒來后,他們曾經(jīng)在睡夢中做飯或者吃他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的證據(jù)。但他們沒有記憶開展活動。食品和藥物管理局官員說,這些睡眠障礙的藥物出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的副作用是罕見的。但是,他也說也許會有比報道的要多。5他說,該機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為這種行為的風(fēng)險是假如人們按照指示來服用藥物,并且在服藥期間不飲酒,減少。美國食品與藥品管理局建議藥物公司進(jìn)行研究探討的問題。DangersAwaitBabieswithAltitudeWomenwholiveintheworld’shighestcommunitiestendtogivebirthtounder-weightbabies,anewstudysuggests.Thesebabiesmaygrowintoadultswithahighriskofheartdiseaseandstrokes.1Researchhashintedthatnewbornsinmountaincommunitiesarelighterthanaverage.Butitwasn’tclearwhetherthisisduetoreducedoxygenlevelsathighaltitudeorbecausetheirmothersareunder-nourished—manypeoplewholiveathighaltitudesarerelativelypoorcomparedwiththoselivinglowerdown.Tofindoutmore,DinoGiussaniandhisteamatCambridgeUniversitystudiedtherecordsof400birthsinBoliviaduring1997and1998.Thebabieswerebominbothrichandpoorareasoftwocities:LaPazandSantaCruz.LaPazisthehighestcityintheworld,at(yī)3.65kilometersabovesealevel,whileSantaCruzismuchlower,at0.44kilometers.Sureenough,Giussanifoundthat(yī)theaveragebirthweightofbabiesinLaPazwassignificantlylowerthaninSantaCruz.Thiswastrueinbothhighandlow-incomefamilies.EvenbabiesbomtopoorfamiliesinSantaCruzwereheavieronaveragethanbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesinloftyLaPaz.“Wewereverysurprisedbythisresult,”saysGiussani.Theresultssuggestthatbabiesbornathighaltitudearedeprivedof2oxygenbeforebirth.“Thismaytriggerthereleaseorsuppressionofhormonesthatregulat(yī)egrowthoftheunbornchild.3‘‘saysGiussaniHisteamalsofoundthathigh-altitudebabiestendedtohaverelativelylargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies4.Thisisprobablybecauseafetusstarvedofoxygenwillsendoxygenatedbloodtothebraininpreferencetotherestofthebody5.Giussaniwantstofindoutifsuchbabieshaveahigherriskofdiseaseinlaterlife.PeopleborninLaPazmightbepronetohearttroubleinadulthood,forexample.Lowbirthweightisariskfactorforcoronaryheartdisease.Andnewbornswithahighratioofheadsizetobodyweightareoftenpredisposedtohighbloodpressureandstrokesinlaterlife.危險等待寶寶的高度人活在世界上最高的社區(qū)往往生下體重局限性的嬰兒的婦女,一項(xiàng)新的研究表白。這些嬰兒在長大成人后得心臟病和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險。1研究暗示在山區(qū)出生的新生兒比平均。但是還不清楚這是由于在高海拔或氧氣,母親的營養(yǎng)比住在低處的許多住在高海拔地方的人相對貧窮。為了了解更多,迪諾吉薩尼和他在劍橋大學(xué)的小組研究了400個新生兒的記錄在玻利維亞在1997和1998。嬰兒誕生在兩個城市的富有和貧困地區(qū):拉巴斯和圣克魯斯。拉巴斯是世界上最高的城市,海拔3.65千米,而圣克魯斯要低得多,在0.44公里。果然,吉薩尼發(fā)現(xiàn)帕茲的新生兒的平均出生體重明顯低于圣克魯斯。這在高和低收入家庭是真的。即使是嬰兒,BOM的貧窮家庭平均比圣克魯斯更富有家庭的崇高拉巴斯出世嬰兒。“我們對這個結(jié)果感到吃驚,說:”節(jié)。結(jié)果表白,在高海拔地區(qū)的嬰兒出世了2氧出生前?!斑@也許會觸發(fā)釋放或調(diào)節(jié)的未出生的孩子的生長激素克制。3”吉薩尼說。他的團(tuán)隊(duì)還發(fā)現(xiàn)高海拔的嬰兒通常有相對較大的頭與他們相比bodies4。這也許是由于一個缺少氧的胚胎會把充氧的血液輸送到偏好的body5其余大腦。吉薩尼想知道嬰兒在此后的生活中疾病的風(fēng)險較高。出世在拉巴斯的人也許傾向于在成年心臟病,例如。低出生體重是冠心病的一個危險因素。與高比例的頭部身體的新生兒在此后的生活中通常高血壓和中風(fēng)。USSignsGlobalTobaccoTreaty1

TheUnitedStateshastakenthefirststeptowardapprovingaglobaltobaccotreatythatpromisestohelpcontrolthedeadlyeffectsoftobaccousethroughouttheworld.HealthandHumanServicesSecretaryTommyThompsonsignedtheFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl(FCTC)thisweekattheUnitedNations.TheSenatemuststillapprovethetreatybeforetheUScanimplementitvisions.?2

TheFCTCwasdevelopedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationandapprovedbymembersoftheWorldHealthAssembly,includingtheUnitedStates,lastyear.Countriesthatrat(yī)ifyitwouldberequiredtoenactstricttobaccocontrolpolicies.?3

Forinstance,cigarettessoldinthosecountrieswouldhavetohavehealthwarningsonatleast30%ofthefrontandbackofeverypack.Thetreatycallsforhighertobaccotaxes,restrictionsonsmokinginpublicplaces,andmorepromotionoftobaccopreventionandcessationprograms.Italsorequiresbansontobaccoadvertising,thoughtherearesomeexceptionsforcountriesliketheUnitedStates,wheretheConstitutionprohibitssuchanoutrightban.?4

Theimpactofthetreatycouldbehuge.TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthattobaccousekillsnearly5millionpeopleworldwideeveryyear.IntheUSalone,about440,000peopledieeachyearfromtobacco-relatedillnesses;aboutone-thirdofallcancersintheUSarecausedbytobaccouse.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,WHOestimates,by2025tobaccowillkill10millionpeopleeachyear.

5

Thetreatymustberat(yī)ifiedbyatleast40countriesbeforeitcantakeeffect.Sofar,109countrieshavesignedit,and12haveratifiedit.我們的全球煙草條約的跡象1美國已經(jīng)向全球煙草條約的批準(zhǔn),將有助于控制煙草的使用在全世界的致命影響的第一步。衛(wèi)生和人類服務(wù)部部長湯米湯普森簽署了煙草控制框架公約(FCTC)本周在聯(lián)合國。還必須在美國參議院批準(zhǔn)該條約的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。2它是由世界衛(wèi)生組織和世界衛(wèi)生大會的成員批準(zhǔn),涉及美國,去年。批準(zhǔn)該協(xié)議的國家將被規(guī)定制定嚴(yán)格的煙草控制政策。3例如,在那些國家出售的香煙會對至少30%的前面和后面有健康警告每包。條約規(guī)定較高的煙草稅,在公共場合吸煙的限制,和更多的促銷煙草防止和戒煙計(jì)劃。它還規(guī)定嚴(yán)禁煙草廣告,雖然有一些例外,像美國這樣的國家,在憲法嚴(yán)禁這一禁令。4條約的影響是巨大的。世界衛(wèi)生組織估計(jì),全球近5000000人死于因吸煙每年。僅在美國,每年約有440000人死于煙草相關(guān)疾?。辉诿绹臒煵菔褂脤?dǎo)致的癌癥1/3。假如目前的趨勢繼續(xù)下去,他估計(jì),2025煙草每年殺死10000000人。5條約必須由至少40個國家批準(zhǔn)后方能生效。到目前為止,109個國家簽署了該協(xié)議,并已批準(zhǔn)12。NappingtoaHealthierHeart??1.Researcherssaytheyhavedevelopedasimpletestthatcantellifapersonwithheartdiseaseislikelytosufferaheartat(yī)tack2.Thetestmeasureslevelsofaproteinintheblood.Theresearcherssaypeoplewithhighlevelsofthisproteinareathighriskofheartat(yī)tack,heartfailure3orstroke.?2.KirstenBibbins-DomingooftheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscoledtheteam.Foraboutfouryears,theystudiedalmostonethousandpatientswithheartdisease.TheresearcherstestedtheheartdiseasepatientsforaproteincalledNT-proBNP4.Patientswiththehighestlevelswerenearlyeighttimesmorelikelythanthosewiththelowestlevelstohaveaheartattack,heartfailureorstroke.

3.Theresearcherssaythepresenceofhighlevelsoftheproteininthebloodshowsthat(yī)theheartmuscleisunderpressureinsomeway.Thestudyinvolvedmostlymen,sotheresearcherscouldnotsayforsure5thattheresultsarealsotrueforwomen.TheysaythepatientswiththehighestlevelsofNT-proBNPwereolderandhadotherproblemslikediabetesorhighbloodpressure.?4.Otherresearcherssaymorestudiesareneededtoconfirmifknowingtheproteinlevelsofaheartpatientshouldaffectthatperson’streat(yī)ment.Theyalsowouldliketoknowifmoreaggressivetreat(yī)ment6couldreducethepatient’schanceofaheartattackorstroke.ThestudyappearedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociat(yī)ion7.

5.Couldalittlesleepduringthemiddleofthedayreducetheriskofaheartattack?AnunrelatedstudyearlierthismonthintheArchivesofInternalMedicine8suggeststhattheanswermaybeyes.IncountriesliketheUnitedStates,afternoonnapsaremostlyforchildren.ButtheyarecommonforadultsinMediterraneancountries.Andthesecountriesgenerallyhavelowerratesofheartdisease.SoscientistsintheUnitedStatesandGreecewonderedifnapscouldplayapart.Twenty-threethousandhealthyadultstookpartinthestudybyHarvardUniversityandtheUniversityofAthens9.Thosewhotookthirty-minutenapsthreetimesaweekhadathirty-sevenpercentlowerriskofdeathfromheartproblemsthanpeoplewhodidnottakenaps.

6.Theresearcherssaynappingmayimprovehearthealthbyreducingstress.Theysaytheresearchsuggeststhatnapsareespeciallygoodforworkingmen.Buttheysaynotenoughfemalesubjectsdiedduringthestudytojudgethebenefitsforwomen.使心臟更健康嗎?1。研究人員說,他們已經(jīng)開發(fā)了一個簡樸的測試,可以判斷一個人是否與心臟疾病是也許患上心臟at(yī)tack2。血液中的蛋白質(zhì)測試含量。研究人員說,人與高水平的這種蛋白質(zhì)是高風(fēng)險的心臟病發(fā)作或中風(fēng),心臟failure3。2。克爾斯滕來自三藩加利福尼亞大學(xué)的多明戈LED團(tuán)隊(duì)。約四年,他們已經(jīng)研究了一千例心臟病。研究人員測試了心臟病患者的蛋白質(zhì)稱為nt-probnp4?;颊叩淖罡咚降慕吮陡幸苍S比那些最低水平有心臟病,心臟衰竭或中風(fēng)。3。研究人員說,高水平的血液中的蛋白質(zhì)的存在表白,心臟肌肉的壓力下,以某種方式。參與研究的大多數(shù)是男性,所以研究者們不能sure5,結(jié)果也合用于女人。他們說,與NT-proBNP水平最高的患者是老年人和有其他問題,如糖尿病或高血壓。4。其他研究人員說,需要更多的研究來確認(rèn)是否知道蛋白質(zhì)水平的心臟病病人應(yīng)影響人的治療。他們還想知道更積極的treatment6可以減少病人的心臟病發(fā)作或中風(fēng)的機(jī)會。該研究發(fā)表在美國醫(yī)學(xué)雜志association7。5。可以在一天的中間一點(diǎn)睡眠減少心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險?本月早些時候無關(guān)的研究在檔案館的內(nèi)部medicine8表白,答案也許是肯定的。在像美國這樣的國家,只有孩子才會睡午覺。但他們是常見的成年人在地中海國家。這些國家一般有較低的心臟病發(fā)病率。所以科學(xué)家在美國和希臘想小睡可以發(fā)揮的一部分。二零三名健康的成年人參與了這項(xiàng)研究由哈佛大學(xué)和大學(xué)athens9。那些花了三十分鐘的小睡三倍一個星期有一三七的風(fēng)險減少百分之死于心臟問題的人比不打盹。6。研究人員說,午睡可以減少壓力,改善心臟健康。他們說,研究表白,小睡特別適合工作的人。但是他們認(rèn)為,法官對女性的益處的研究中沒有足夠的女性受試者。ManyBenefitfromCancerOrganization1.Doyouknowachildwhosurvivedleukemia?Doyouhaveamother,sisterorauntwhosebreastcancerwasfoundearlythankstoamammogram?Doyouhaveafriendorcoworkerwhoquitsmokingtoreducetheirriskoflungcancer?EachoftheseindividualsbenefitedfromtheAmericanCancerSociety’sresearchprogram.2.EachdayscientistssupportedbytheAmericanCancerSocietyworktofindbreakthroughsthatwilltakeusonestepclosertoacure.1

TheAmericanCancerSocietyhaslongrecognizedthatresearchholdstheultimateanswerstotheprevention,diagnosisandtreatmentofcancer.23.AsthelargestsourceofnonprofitcancerresearchfundsintheUnitedStates,theAmericanCancerSocietydevotesover$100millioneachyeartoresearch.Since1946,they’veinvestedmorethan$2.4billioninresearch.Theinvestmenthaspaidrichdividends3

:In1946,onlyoneinfourcancerpatientswasalivefiveyearsafterdiagnosis;today60percentlivelongerthanfiveyears.4.Investigatorsandhealthprofessionalsinuniversities,researchinstitutesandhospitalsthroughoutthecountryreceivegrantsfromtheAmericanCancerSociety.Ofthemorethan1,300newapplicationsreceivedeachyear,only11percentcanbefunded.IftheAmericanCancerSocietyhadmoremoneyavailableforresearchfunding,nearly200moreapplicationsconsideredoutstandingcouldbefundedeachyear:5.YoucanhelpfundmoreoftheseapplicationsbyparticipatingintheAmericanCancerSocietyRelayforLife,ateameventtofightcancer.Morefundingmeansmorecancerbreakthroughsandmorelivesbeingsaved.Tolearnmore,callDonnaHood,chairwiththeNeoshoRelayforLifeoftheAmericanCancerSocietyat451–4880.從癌組織的許多好處1。你知道一個孩子幸存下來的白血?。磕阌心赣H,姐姐或阿姨的乳腺癌初期發(fā)現(xiàn)由于乳腺癌篩查?你有朋友或同事戒煙減少患肺癌的風(fēng)險?其中的每一個人受益于美國癌癥協(xié)會的研究計(jì)劃。2。每一天,科學(xué)家支持美國癌癥協(xié)會的工作尋找突破,將帶我們到一個治療更近了一步。1美國癌癥協(xié)會一直認(rèn)為,研究認(rèn)為防止的最終答案,癌癥的診斷和治療。23。在美國的非營利組織癌癥研究資金的最大來源,美國癌癥協(xié)會將超過每年美元的研究。自1946以來,他們已經(jīng)投入了超過美元的研究。投資報酬:1946,豐富dividends3唯一活著的四癌癥患者診斷后五年;今天百分之60居住超過五年的時間。4。研究人員和衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員在高校,科研院所和全國的醫(yī)院由美國癌癥協(xié)會領(lǐng)取補(bǔ)貼金。的1300多個新的應(yīng)用程序接受到的每一年,只有百分之11可以資助。假如美國癌癥協(xié)會有更多的錢可用于研究的資金,近200多個應(yīng)用程序可以每年資助優(yōu)秀:5。你可以幫助資助這些應(yīng)用程序通過參與生活的美國癌癥協(xié)會的繼電器,一個團(tuán)隊(duì)活動,對抗癌癥。更多的資金意味著更多的癌癥的突破和更多的生命被拯救。想了解更多,叫唐娜罩,在4880與451–美國癌癥學(xué)會生活適意繼電器椅。hePaperChase1."Runningahouseislotlikerunningabusiness."saysStephanieDenton,fessionalorganizerbasedinCincinnati,Ohio,whospecializesinbothresidentialandcommercialpaperworkandrecordkeeping.Togetasuccessfulgriponorganizingdocuments,bills,andothermaterials,Dentonsuggeststhefollowingtips:2.Createaspaceinwhichyoucanalwaysdoyourpaperwork.Thisisperhapsthemostimportantelementofasuccessfulsystem.Ifyoucan'tdevoteanentiredesktothetask,atleastinvestinarollingfilecarttostoreactivepaperworkandatwo-drawerfilecabinetforfamilyrecords.Storetherollingfilecartwhereveritismostconvenientandcomfortabletodoyourwork.whetherthatisthekitchen,office,orfamilyroom.3.Whenindoubt,throwitout,thefirststeptoimplementingaworkablefillingsystemistoeliminatepaperyoudon'tuse,don'tneed,orthatyoucouldeasilyaccessagainelsewhere.Throwoutduplicatestatements,oldcatalogs,andallofthecoupons,mailings,orofferingsyou'llneverhaveanopportunitytouseorevenread.4.Setasidetwodaysamonthtopaybills,ifamonthlyduedat(yī)edoesn'tfitintoyourcycle,callupthecreditorandsuggestamoreconvenientdat(yī)e,keeptwomanilafoldersat(yī)thefrontofyoursystemforcurrentbills—onetocorrespondwitheachbill-payingday—andfileallincomingbills.Keepalistinthefrontofeachfolderofwhatneedstobepaidincasetheinvoiceneverarrivesorgetsmisplaces.5.Thinkofyourfillingsystemnotasarigidtool,butasaliving,breathingsystemthatcanaccommodateyourchangingneeds.Agoodfillingsystemisbothmentallyandphysicallyflexible,everyone'sneedsaredifferent,saysDenton,butwhendevisingafillingsystem,askyourself:"WherewouldIlookforthis?"Createmainheadingsforyourfillingsystem,suchasinvestments,Taxes,Children,andsoforth,andfileindividualfoldersunderthemainheadings.Neveroverstuffyourfiles.他追紙1。”運(yùn)營房子是很多像經(jīng)營一個公司?!彼沟俜夷菡f丹頓,一個總部在辛辛那提,俄亥俄州專業(yè)的組織者,專門從事住宅和商業(yè)文獻(xiàn)和記錄。要成功地組織文獻(xiàn),票據(jù),和其他材料,丹頓提出以下建議:2。創(chuàng)建一個空間中,你總是可以做文書工作。這也許是一個成功的系統(tǒng)最重要的元素。假如你不能把整個桌子的任務(wù),至少在一個投資滾動文獻(xiàn)車店活動的文書工作和家庭記錄一二個抽屜的文獻(xiàn)柜。存儲滾動文獻(xiàn)車無論是最方便和舒適地做你的工作。無論是廚房,辦公室,或家里。3。懷疑的時候,把它扔掉,實(shí)行可行的充填系統(tǒng)的第一步是消除紙張不使用,不需要,或者你可以輕松地訪問了別處。把反復(fù)的語句,舊的目錄,和所有的優(yōu)惠券,郵件,或祭你永遠(yuǎn)不會有機(jī)會使用甚至讀。4。留出兩天一個月支付賬單,假如一個月的日期不適合你的周期,打電話給你的債權(quán)人,建議一個更方便的日期,保持兩馬尼拉文獻(xiàn)夾在你的系統(tǒng)當(dāng)前票據(jù)前端相應(yīng)每個賬單支付日和文獻(xiàn)所有收到的賬單。保持一個列表中的每個文獻(xiàn)夾所需要支付的發(fā)票情況不到前面或獲取錯位。5。你的檔案系統(tǒng)不是一個嚴(yán)格的工具,但作為一個活生生的,呼吸系統(tǒng),可以適應(yīng)您的需求變化。一個好的灌裝系統(tǒng)可以靈活的適應(yīng),每個人的需求是不同的,丹頓說,但是在設(shè)計(jì)澆注系統(tǒng),問問自己:“我會在哪里找呢?”為你的檔案系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)建的主標(biāo)題,如投資,稅收,孩子,等等,和個人文獻(xiàn)夾文獻(xiàn)的主標(biāo)題下。不要把你的文獻(xiàn)。ChinaSeeksDonorstoNarrowBoneMarrowGap1.Chinahaslaunchedacampaigntorecruitmorebonemarrowdonors,amidashortageoffundsaswellasofsiblingdonorswhocouldhelpthegrowingnumberofpat(yī)ientsinneedoflife-savingtransplants,statemediareportedonMonday.2.TheChineseRedCross1beganthenationalcampaignovertheweekendtofinddonorsforsome4millionpatientssufferingfromleukaemia,thalassaemiaandotherblooddiseasesandawaitingbonemarrowtransplants,theofficialChinaDailysaid.EveryyearChinahas40,000newleukaemiapatients,mostofthemunder35and50percentofthemchildren,2thenewspapersaid.OtherreportshavelinkedChina’sgrowingchildhoodleukaemiatosolventsandbuildingmaterialsusedininteriordecoration3.3.Withat(yī)inypoolofbonemarrowdonors,weakenedbytheabsenceofsiblingdonorsformostchildrenbecauseofChina’sone-childpolicy,doctorsrelyon4donorsfromTaiwantosavemanyyoungleukaemiapatients,theBeijingEveningNewssaidlastweekend.Taiwan,withapopulationof22million,has210,000registereddonorscomparedwithfewerthan30,000donorsamongmainlandChina’s1.3billionpeople5,thenewspapersaid.4.Yetthelackofregistereddonorsmayreflectalackoffundingfortestingandrecordingdat(yī)aonpotentialdonorsratherthanalackofvolunteers,thenewspapersaid.Chinaneedsapoolofatleast100,000donorsbuttestingthemwouldcostmorethan50millionyuan,itsaid.5.TheHongKongMarrowMatchFoundat(yī)ion6saidithashelped"ahandful"ofpatientsinBeijing,Shanghaiandothercities."Thenumberofrequestsisincreasing"frommainlandChina,includingdirectcallstothecharityfromdesperat(yī)epatientsorrelat(yī)ives,saidthefoundat(yī)ion’sdonorcoordinat(yī)orMarvenChin.Butthecostofextractingbonemarrowfromoneofthefoundation’s40,000registereddonorsandflyingitbycourierhastobebornebythepatients,andmanyofthemhavetobeaidedfinancially,Chinsaid.中國尋求捐贈者骨髓間隙狹窄1。中國發(fā)起了一場運(yùn)動,招募更多的骨髓捐贈者,在資金短缺以及同胞捐贈者可以幫助挽救生命的移植需要的患者也越來越多,國家媒體星期一報道。2。中國紅cross1began全國運(yùn)動,周末有4000000例患白血病的發(fā)現(xiàn)者,地中海貧血等血液病的骨髓移植和等待,官方的中國日報說。中國每年有40000個新的白血病患者,他們中的大多數(shù)在35和百分之50個孩子,2報說。其他的報告與中國日益增長的兒童白血病用于室內(nèi)decoration3溶劑和建筑材料。3。一個小池子的骨髓捐贈者,削弱了對大多數(shù)孩子的同胞供者的缺席是由于中國的獨(dú)生子女政策,醫(yī)生依靠從臺灣省on4donors許數(shù)年輕的白血病患者,北京晚間新聞?wù)f的最后一個周末。臺灣,擁有22023000人口,有210000的注冊者少于30000者之間相比,中國大陸

people5報紙說。4。然而,捐獻(xiàn)者登記的缺少也許反映了缺少資金的測試和記錄數(shù)據(jù)的潛在捐贈者,而非缺少志愿者,報紙上說。中國需要一個游泳池,至少100000者但測試他們將花費(fèi)超過50000000元,它說。5。香港骨髓匹配foundation6said它幫助“少數(shù)”的患者在北京,上海和其他城市?!闭埱蟮臄?shù)量增長”來自中國大陸,涉及從絕望的患者或親屬對慈善事業(yè)的直接調(diào)用,該基金會的捐贈協(xié)調(diào)員馬文的下巴說。但成本的骨髓中提取,從一個基金的40000注冊者和飛行用快遞必須borneby患者,其中有許多是資助,下巴說。SleeplessnessInsomniaorsleeplessnessisacommoncomplaint1ofwomenastheyenterintomenopause.Insomniameanshavingtroublefallingasleeporstayingasleeporthefeelingthatyoursleepwasnotadequateforyou.Forwomenwhoarehavingnightsweat(yī)s,theirsleepisbrokenbyfrequentawakeningandthereforenotrefreshing.Generallyonce2thenightsweatsarecontrolledanormalsleeppatternreturns.Ifitdoesn'titmaybe,orhavebecomechronicinsomnia.3Howdoyouknow?4Ifyousufferfrominsomniaeverynightormostnightsforaperiodofonemonththenyouhavechronicinsomnia.Ifyou'renothavingnightsweatsthenit'stimetolookforothercausesofsleeplessness.Depressionandanxietydisordersarethemostcommoncausesofchronicinsomnia.Ifyoufeeldepressedyouneedtobecheckedbyaqualifiedhealthcareprovider5.Movementdisorderssuchasrestlesslegsyndromearesecondonthelist6ofinsomniaforthem;therearenewmedicinesthatmayhelp.Othercommoncausesareshiftworking,andpain.Inupto730%ofpeoplewithchronicinsomnianocausecanbeidentified.Medicaltreatmentofthesepeoplehasgenerallybeenwithsleepingpills.Itisestimatedthat25%oftheadultpopulationinAmericatooksometypeofmedicinesforsleeplastyear.Itisgenerallyagreedthatsleepingpillsshouldonlybeinthelowestdose8andfortheshortestpossibletime.Sleephygiene9isdirectedatchangingbadsleephabits.Therecommendationsare:一Gotobedonlywhensleepy.一Donotwaituptoaspecifiedtime.一Avoidcaffeineandalcoholintheevening,etc.失眠失眠是一種常見complaint1進(jìn)入絕經(jīng)期女性的。失眠是指不能入睡或保持睡眠或感覺睡眠不夠你。誰的婦女有盜汗,睡覺容易驚醒,所以不清爽。once2盜汗一般控制正常的睡眠模式返回。假如不也許,已經(jīng)成為慢性失眠。3你是怎么知道的?4假如你每晚失眠或最晚一個月你有慢性失眠。假如你沒有盜汗,然后它的時間來尋找其他的失眠因素。抑郁癥和焦急癥是慢性失眠最常見的因素。假如你感到沮喪,你需要一個合格的保健provider5檢查。運(yùn)動障礙,如不安腿綜合征是二對失眠對他們有新的藥物list6;可以幫助。其他常見的因素是輪班工作,和痛苦。在730%慢性失眠的因素?zé)o法擬定的人。這些人的醫(yī)療手段通常是安眠藥。據(jù)估計(jì),在美國,25%的成年人吃藥睡覺去年。人們普遍認(rèn)為,安眠藥只能在最低dose8和盡也許短的時間。睡眠hygiene9是針對改變不良的睡眠習(xí)慣。建議是:一去睡覺才睡覺。一不等待一個指定的時間。一避免在咖啡因和酒精晚上,等。CigarsInstead?Smokingoneortwocigarsadaydoublestheriskofcancersofthelip,tongue,mouth,andthroat,accordingtoagovernmentstudy.Dailycigarsalsoincreasetheriskoflungcancerandcanceroftheesophagus,andincreasetheriskofcancerofthelarynx(voicebox)sixfold1,sayresearchersattheNationalCancerInstituteinBethesda,Maryland.Inaddition,thereportrevealedthat(yī)smokingthreeorfourcigarsadayincreasedtheriskoforalcancerto8.5timestheriskfornonsmokers2andtheriskofesophagealcancerbyfourtimestheriskofnonsmokers.Thehealtheffectsofsmokingcigarsisoneofeightsectionsofthearticle"Cigars:HealthEffectsandTrends".Theresearchersreportthat,comparedwithacigarette,alargecigaremitsupto90timesasmuchcarcinogenictobacco-specificnitrosamines."Thisarticleprovidesclearandinvaluableinformationaboutthedisturbingincrease3incigaruseandthesignificantpublichealthconsequences4forthecountry,"saidDr.RichardKlausner,

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論