簡介生物晶片課件

簡介生物晶片2000November14中央大學(xué)物理系與生命科學(xué)系內(nèi)容大綱什麼是生物晶片基因工程DNA知識複習(xí)製造原理應(yīng)用與現(xiàn)況生物晶片是什麼?做什麼用？有何影響？生物晶片樣品約2cmx2cm做什麼用？做什麼用？執(zhí)行醫(yī)療檢驗、環(huán)境檢測、食品檢驗、新藥開發(fā)、基礎(chǔ)研究、軍事防禦、化學(xué)合成等用途有何影響？有何影響？是生物科技的原子彈，把多種基因研究的效率提升了百千倍TheHumanGenomeProject-WhatTheHumanGenomeProjectWHAT?InternationalresearchefforttocharacterizethegenomesofhumanandselectedmodelorganismsthroughcompletemappingandsequencingoftheirDNA

TheHumanGenomeProject-WhyTheHumanGenomeProjectWHY?DeveloptechnologiesforgenomicanalysisExamineethical,legal,andsocialissuesTrainscientistswhowillbeabletoutilizeHGPresourcestopursuebiologicalstudiesthatwillimprovehumanhealthWhatisaGenome?WhatisaGenome?CollectionofDNAmoleculesthatcarriesthe“bookoflife”ofeachorganism.ADNAmoleculeisadoublehelix.Insingle-cellorganismsthegenomeisonecircularDNAmolecule.Inmulti-cellorganismsthegenomeispackagedinseveralchromosomesandeverycellhasacompletegenome.HowbigistheHumanGenome?HowbigistheHumanGenome?Containsover3billionbasepairsOnemeterlongwhenfullystretchedSizeof6billiongenomes,onefromeachpersononearth=1meterlonghumanhairHumanhas23chromosomesHumanhas23chromosomesAChromosomeAChromosomeDNA結(jié)構(gòu)I

DNA為雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)兩條骨幹(背脊)上各掛了A、C、G、T

四種鹼基(大化學(xué)分子)兩條骨幹上鹼基序列互補(bǔ)；A、T互對，C、G互對

A、T間之作用及C、G間之作用為雙螺旋之成因StructureofDNAIIDNA示意圖DNA側(cè)視DNA鏈?zhǔn)疽鈭D鳥瞰

OneGeneOneProteinThe

humangenomehas65,000to100,000genesEachgene(DNAsequence)containsthegeneticcodeofaprotein(aminoacidsequence)Genetoprotein

transcription

translationWhatisaGene?.Beginner'sguidetoMolecularBiology.htm從DNA到蛋白質(zhì)

DNA中之基因(鹼基序列)被轉(zhuǎn)錄成為mRNA

序列

mRNA序列依遺傳密碼被翻譯成為蛋白質(zhì)序列

(轉(zhuǎn)錄及翻譯之工作由細(xì)胞內(nèi)之RNA及專業(yè)蛋白質(zhì)自動執(zhí)行)Proteinsynthesis轉(zhuǎn)錄翻譯cDNAmicroarrayschemacDNA晶片製造原理DNAmicroarray(ExploreFig1)ExploreFig1Caption生物晶片有若干類基因晶片(genechip,DNAmicroarray)寡核酸陣列

(oligonucleotidemicroarray)互補(bǔ)核酸陣列

(cDNAmicroarray)蛋白質(zhì)晶片(proteinchip)

生物晶片應(yīng)用基因表現(xiàn)分析(Expressionanalysis)基因型分類(Genotyping)疾病管理(DiseasemanagementLLMPPpaperLLMPPFig1SamplegeneExpressiondata(LLMPPpaper,Alizadehetal.Nature403(2000)MolecularPortraits..MolecularPortraitsofHumanBreastTumorPerouetal.Nature406(2000)DN