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BioavailabilityandBioequivalenceStudyinGenericandnewDrugApplications
生物利用度和生物等效性在仿制藥和新藥申請中的法規(guī)要求JimWei,MD,PhDx.AAPS/CPAWorkshopShanghai,June28-29,2010Agenda議程GeneralBA/BE生物利用度和生物等效性內(nèi)容概述Biowaiver生物等效性試驗(yàn)豁免RegulatoryrequirementsforBEsupplies,samplestorageanddataanalysis生物等效性試驗(yàn)的法規(guī)要求BEand505(b)(2)NDA生物等效性和505(b)(2)類新藥上市申報(bào)申請
Bioavailability–defined
生物利用度定義
“Bioavailabilityisthefraction(F)ofanadministereddosethatactuallyreachessystemiccirculationwhencomparedtoasolution(SLN),suspension(SUSP),orintravenous(IV)dosageform.”--21CFR320.25(d)(2)&(3)--absolute:testdrugvs.IVreference-BAofanIVdrugisassumedtobe100%,orF=1.00amountreachingcirculation=FxDoserelative:testdrugvs.SLNorSUSPreferencePointstoConsider–BA
生物利用度PK指標(biāo)
Forbioavailabilitystudies,ourprimary“metric”ofinterestis:areaundertheconcentration-timecurve(AUC)AUCisaderivedparameter,itisnotobservedTypes:AUCt=tothelastdetectableconcentrationAUC=fromzerotoinfinity(singledose)AUC=betweendosingintervalsatsteady-stateApproachestoDeterminingBioequivalence(21CFR320.24)
檢測生物等效性試驗(yàn)的各種方法
InvivomeasurementofactivemoietyormoietiesinbiologicfluidInvivopharmacodynamiccomparisonInvivolimitedclinicalcomparisonInvitrocomparisonAnyotherapproachdeemedappropriatebyFDAFeV1AlbuterolBlanchingStudyTopicalCorticosteroidTopicalsNasalSuspensionsQuestran-BindingStudiesNasalSolutions-SprayerEvaluationPropofol-DropletSizeSingle-dose,two-waycrossover,fastedSingle-dose,two-waycrossover,fedAlternativesSingle-dose,parallel,fastedLongHalf-Life(wash-out):Amiodarone,EtidronateSingle-dose,replicatedesignHighlyVariableDrugsMultiple-dose,two-waycrossover,fastedLessSensitive:Clozapine(PatientTrials);ChemotherapyTrialsClinicalendpointstudyTopicals:NasalSuspensionsBEStudyDesigns
生物等效性試驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)
BiopharmaceuticsClassification
System(BCS)生物藥劑學(xué)分類體系TheBCSisascientificframeworkforclassifyingdrugsbasedontheiraqueoussolubilityandintestinalpermeabilityAppliestodrugsubstancewithhighsolubilityandhighpermeability(BCSClass1)WaiversofInVivoBEstudiesforBCSClass1drugsinimmediatereleasesolidoraldosageformsthatexhibitrapiddissolutionWaiverofinvivoBEstudiesbasedonaBiopharmaceuticsClassificationSystem(BCS)
生物藥劑學(xué)分類體系和生物等效性試驗(yàn)豁免
RecommendedforasolidoralTestproductthatexhibitsrapid(85%in30min)andsimilarinvitrodissolutionunderspecifiedconditionstoanapprovedReferenceproductwhenthefollowingconditionsaresatisfied:ProductsarepharmaceuticalequivalentsDrugsubstanceishighlysolubleandhighlypermeableandisnotconsideredhaveanarrowtherapeuticrangeExcipientsusedarenotlikelytoeffectdrugabsorptionHighlyVariableDrugs(HVD)
高變異藥物DefinitionUseANOVARootMeanSquareError(RMSE)toestimatewithin-subjectorintra-subjectvariability:DrugisclassifiedashighlyvariableifRMSE≥0.3or30%TwomaintypesorsourcesofvariabilityHighlyvariablePK(inherentdrugcharacteristic)Highlyvariableformulation?StandardBEstudyapproachmayneedmorethan100subjectsReasonsforInconsistentVariabilityinBEStudies
生物等效性試驗(yàn)中不一致變異的原因
DifferencesinformulationsImproperlyhandlingofBioanalyticalassaysSubjectswithirregularplasmaconcentrationsNumberofstudysubjectsUncontrolledfoodstatus90%CIs&BELimits
90%可信區(qū)間和生物等效性試驗(yàn)界線
GreenLowWSV(~15%)Narrow90%CIPassesRedHighWSV(~35%)Wide90%CILowerbound<80%Fails125%100%80%GMR&the#ofsubjectsarethesameinbothcasesBEStudiesinHighlyVariableDrugs(HVD)
高變異藥物的生物等效性試驗(yàn)
FDAStudytoCharacterizeHighlyVariableDrugsinBEStudies:Collecteddatafrom1127acceptableBEstudies,submitted524ANDAsfrom2003-2005(3years)Mostsponsorsused2-waycrossoverstudiesUsedANOVARootMeanSquareErrortoestimatewithin-subjectvarianceDrugwasclassifiedashighlyvariableifRMSE≥0.3or30%BEstudiesofHVDenrolledmorestudysubjectsthanstudiesofdrugswithlowvariabilityAverageNinstudiesofHVD=47AverageNinstudiesofdrugswithlowervariability=33Range18–73subjects10%ofstudiesevaluatedwereHVDAdvantagesofScaledBE増寬的生物等效性試驗(yàn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)(ReferenceScaled)Testproductwillbenefitif:Tvariability<RvariabilityThetestproductwillnotbenefitif:Tvariability>RvariabilityWhatifhighvariabilityresultsfromformulationsproblemsorpoorstudyconduct?IfTvariability>Rvariability,nobenefitinusingscaledapproachTheburdenisontheapplicanttoconvinceFDAthatproductisaHVD21CFR320.36
Requirementsformaintenanceofrecordsofbioequivalencetesting生物等效性試驗(yàn)記錄保存的法規(guī)要求
Allrecordsofinvivoorinvitrotestsshallbemaintainedbythemanufacturerforatleast2yearsaftertheexpirationdateofthebatchandsubmittedtotheFoodandDrugAdministrationonrequest.
AnypersonwhocontractswithanotherpartytoconductabioequivalencestudyfromwhichthedataareintendedtobesubmittedtoFDAaspartofanapplicationsubmittedunderpart314ofthischaptershallobtainfromthepersonconductingthestudysufficientaccuratefinancialinformationtoallowthesubmissionofcompleteandaccuratefinancialcertificationsordisclosurestatementsrequiredunderpart54ofthischapterandshallmaintainthatinformationandallrecordsrelatingtothecompensationgivenforthatstudyandallotherfinancialinterestinformationrequiredunderpart54ofthischapterfor2yearsafterthedateofapprovaloftheapplication.Thepersonmaintainingtheserecordsshall,uponrequestforanyproperlyauthorizedofficeroremployeeoftheFoodandDrugAdministration,atreasonabletime,permitsuchofficeroremployeetohaveaccesstoandcopyandverifytheserecords.
BESampleRetention
生物等效性試驗(yàn)樣品保存
TheguidancehighlightshowthetestarticleandreferencestandardforBAandBEstudiesshouldbedistributedtothetestingfacilitieshowtestingfacilitiesshouldrandomlyselectsamplesfortestingandmaterialtomaintainasreservesampleshowthereservesamplesshouldberetained.FDA/DSIInspectiononBEStudies
FDA對生物等效性試驗(yàn)的監(jiān)察
Afrequentfindingfromtheseinspectionsistheabsenceofreservesamplesatthetestingfacilitieswherethestudiesareconducted:Inmanycases,DSIfindsthattestingfacilitiesreturnreservesamplestothestudysponsorsand/ordrugmanufacturers,Inothercases,studysponsorsand/ordrugmanufacturers,SMOs,orcontractpackagingfacilitiesdesignatethestudytestarticleandreferencestandardforeachsubject,andprecludethetestingfacilitiesfromrandomlyselectingrepresentativereservesamplesfromthesupplies.Thestudysponsorand/ordrugmanufacturershouldsendtothetestingfacilitybatchesofthetestarticleandreferencestandardpackagedinsuchawaythatthetestingfacilitycanrandomlyselectsamplesforbioequivalencetestingandsamplestomaintainasreservesamples.FDA/DSIInspectiononBEStudiescont’d
FDA對生物等效性試驗(yàn)的監(jiān)察
QuantityofReserveSamplesSufficienttoperformfivetimesallofthereleasetestsrequiredintheapplicationorsupplementalapplicationForsolidoraldosageforms(e.g.,tablets,capsules),anupperlimitof300unitseachforthetestarticleandreferencestandardEachsiteisaskedtoretainareasonableamountoftestarticleandreferencestandardamin
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