高考閱讀二輪復(fù)習(xí)-篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題

閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)

------篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題

2016.3.15Objectives通過練習(xí)，討論總結(jié)不同類型篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題目的解題策略。2.運(yùn)用所學(xué)策略，解決閱讀中的問題。

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題考查同學(xué)們?cè)诶斫馊牡幕A(chǔ)上對(duì)文章所描述事件的發(fā)展順序（記敘文）、所說(shuō)明事物的結(jié)構(gòu)層次（說(shuō)明文）或在論述觀點(diǎn)（議論文）過程中使用的方法進(jìn)行推測(cè)、歸納和總結(jié)的能力。篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類題目的特點(diǎn)：文章結(jié)構(gòu)理解的設(shè)問方式:1.問指代1)Theword“everything”inparagraph2means____？2)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?

......Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency(效率),whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.……（2014湖南，C）3.Theunderlinedword“which”inParagraph2refersto“____”.thewaysB.theirhomesC.developmentsD.existingefforts

實(shí)例體驗(yàn)D（）existingeffortshavelargelyignoredthewaysthat...指代類問題解題策略：仔細(xì)分析，正確理解指代詞所在句;(2)前后搜索，圈定答案范圍，以之替換，看句子是否通順;(3)

采用排除法，確定答案。2.問結(jié)構(gòu)問段落結(jié)構(gòu)Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby?篇章結(jié)構(gòu)理解的設(shè)問方式:2.問文章結(jié)構(gòu)

1）Thepassageismainlydeveloped/organizedby____?2)Whichofthefollowingshowthe

structure/organizationofthepassage?1.問段落結(jié)構(gòu)

（選出最佳選項(xiàng)并總結(jié)解題思路）Iwasneverneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.Eachofherobjectshaditsplace,butminealwayshidsomewhere.Sheevenlabeled(貼標(biāo)簽)everything.Ialwayslookedforeverything.Overtime,KategotneaterandIgotmessier.Shewouldpushmydirtyclothingover,andIwouldlaymybooksonhertidydesk.Webothgottiredofeachother.Warbrokeoutoneevening.Katecameintotheroom.Soon,Ihearherscreaming,“takeyoushoesaway!Whyundermybed!”deafened,Isawmyshoesflyingatme.Ijumpedtomyfeetandstartedyelling.Sheyelledbacklouder.(2014重慶，A)HowisParagraph1mainlydeveloped?byanalyzingthecauses.B.byshowingdifferences.C.bydescribingaprocess.D.byfollowingtimeorder.背景知識(shí)補(bǔ)充：常見寫作方式及提示語(yǔ)：1.舉例。常見提示語(yǔ)forexample,forinstant等。2.對(duì)比。常見提示語(yǔ)like，unlike，but,however,while等。2.時(shí)間順序。常見提示詞，明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，later，then,afterwards等。3.空間順序。4.邏輯順序：常見提示詞because,therefore,asaresult,besides,inaddition,inaword,inshort等。常見文體的文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解常考查的體裁有三種，分別是、、和。它們都分別有自己的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。記敘文說(shuō)明文議論文背景知識(shí)補(bǔ)充2.問文章結(jié)構(gòu)

1.記敘文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)NarrativewritingsStorypresentationEnding2．說(shuō)明文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)DescriptivewritingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)Conclusion3.議論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)ArgumentationTopicArgumentsconclusionOpinionSupportingsentences2.問文章結(jié)構(gòu)

閱讀短文，從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案，并總結(jié)解題思路。（見學(xué)案：?jiǎn)栁恼陆Y(jié)構(gòu)：實(shí)例分析）段落/文章結(jié)構(gòu)題解題策略：4）對(duì)比選項(xiàng)定答案1）抓文章中心句重視文章首段和尾段2）抓段落中心句重視段落首句和尾句

總分式結(jié)構(gòu)3）看段落邏輯關(guān)系對(duì)照式結(jié)構(gòu)

并列式結(jié)構(gòu)一正一反平行關(guān)系相互獨(dú)立3.問文章后續(xù)1)Whatmaybetalkedaboutafterthelastparagraph?2)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillprobablydiscuss____？篇章結(jié)構(gòu)理解的設(shè)問方式:

Mostpeoplewhomovetoaforeigncountryorculturemaygothroughsomeformofcultureshock…Itisimportanttounderstandandlearnhowtodealwithcultureshock...Therearefourgeneralstagesofculturaladjustment….

Thefirststageisusuallyreferredto…

Butitisn’tlongbeforethehoneymoonstagegiveswaytothesecondstage…Atsomepoint,ifyoucanmanageitwell,you’llbeginthetransitionintothenextstage…Atthisstage,you'lldealwithnewchallengeswithhumorratherthananxiety.4.Whatwouldbeprobablydiscussedinthefollowingparagraph?Consequencesofcultureshock.Challengesinanewcountry.C.Preparationsforanewculture. D.The4thstageofculturaladjustment.

實(shí)例體驗(yàn)：完成下面的練習(xí)，并總結(jié)解題方法。

D文章后續(xù)題目解題策略：3）注意最后一段，特別留意最后幾句1）通讀全文，把握文章主旨2）關(guān)注段落邏輯關(guān)系，分析框架結(jié)構(gòu)鞏固練習(xí)見學(xué)案Everydayandineverywaywe’regettingbetter!鞏固練習(xí)：（見學(xué)案）Formostcitypeople,theelevatorisanunremarkablemachinethatinspiresnoneoftheenthusiasmorinterestthatAmericansaffordtrains,jets,andevenbicycles.Dr.ChristopherWilkisamemberofasmallgroupofelevatorexpertswhoconsiderthisamisunderstanding.Withouttheelevator,theypointout,therecouldbenodowntownskyscrapersortallbuilding,andcitylifeasweknowitwouldbeimpossible.Inthatsense,theyargue,theelevator’sroleinAmericanhistoryhasbeennolesssignificantthanthatofcars.Infact,accordingtoWilk,thecarandtheevaluatorhavebeenlockedina“secretwar”foroveracentury,whichcarsmakingitpossibleforpeopletospreadhorizontally(水平地)，andelevatorspushingthemtowardlifeinclosegroupsoftoweringvertical(垂直的)columns.(2014湖北，E)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraphIreferto?thegeneralviewofelevators.B.theparticularinterestsofexperts.C.thedesireforaremarkablemachine.D.theenthusiasmfortransportvehicles.A鞏固練習(xí)：（學(xué)案）

Inthemid-1700s,aFrenchmancameupwithanewdesignofroad---baselayer(層)oflargestonescoveredwithathinlayerofsmallerstones.AScotsmanimprovedonthisdesigninthe1820sandastrong,lastingroadsurfacebecameareality.Ataroundthesametime,metalhubs(thecentralpartofawheel)cameintobeing,followedbythepneumatictyre(充氣輪胎)in1846.Alloywheelswereinventedin1967,sixtyyears