區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化

Chapter5

RegionalEconomicIntegration

區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化由NordriDesign?提供Lesson1SummaryofRegionalEconomicIntegration

區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化概述1.TheMeaningandDevelopmentofRegionalEconomicIntegration

區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的含義和發(fā)展1.1Definition定義Regionaleconomicintegrationistwoormorecountriesinthesamegeographicareatointegrateintoasupranationalentiretywithhighlycoordinativeeconomyandtrade.Tosafeguardtheircommoneconomicandpoliticalinterests,thosecountriespursuelong-termandsteadysupranationaleconomicalregulationinthewaysofsigningcertaintreatyoragreementbetweengovernments,takingcommoneconomyandtradepoliciesandevenfoundingjointorganizationundereachgovernment’sauthorization.LOGO22.MainFormsandFeaturesofRegionalEconomicIntegration區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的主要形式及特征2.1Dividedbyscopeofintegration

2.1.1DepartmentalIntegration

部門一體化Itreferstotheintegrationofoneorseveraldepartmentsofthemembercountriesintheunion,suchasEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunityformedon25thJuly,1952andEuropeanAtomicEnergyCommunityformedon1stJan,19OverallIntegration

全盤一體化Itimpliesthatalltheeconomicdepartmentsofmembercountriesareintegrated,suchasCMEA(CouncilofMutualEconomicAssistance)foundedbytheSovietUnionandEasternEuropeancountriesanddisbandedin1991.32.2Dividedbyeconomicdevelopmentlevelofmembercountries2.2.1HorizontalIntegration水平一體化

Itreferstotheintegrationofcountrieswithsimilarorcloselevelofeconomicdevelopment.Outofthepracticeanddevelopmentofregionaleconomicintegration,mostofexistingunionsareinsuchform,suchasEuropeanUnionandASEANFreeTradeArea.

2.2.2VerticalIntegration垂直一體化

Itreferstotheintegrationofcountrieswithdifferentlevelofeconomicdevelopment,suchasNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement.2.MainFormsandFeaturesofRegionalEconomicIntegration區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的主要形式及特征42.3Divideddegreeofregionaleconomicintegrationandremovaloftradebarriers2.3.1PreferentialTradeArrangement優(yōu)惠貿(mào)易安排Itistostipulateespeciallypreferentialtariffofallorpartofthegoodsbysigningagreementbetweenmembercountriesorothermethods.Thisisthemostlow-levelandlooseformofeconomicintegration.ThereareexamplessuchasAfricanTimberOrganization,Canada–UnitedStatesAutomotiveProductsAgreement,andAssociationofSoutheastAsianNationsthatformedafterwars.2.MainFormsandFeaturesofRegionalEconomicIntegration區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的主要形式及特征52.3.2FreeTradeArea自由貿(mào)易區(qū)Itreferstothetradeareathatconsistsofcountriesandregionswhohavesignedfreetradeagreement.Membercountrieshavemutuallyeliminatedtariffforeachotherandremovedthenon-tarifftradebarrierssothatgoodscanflowfreelybetweenthecountries.Butthereisnocommonexternaltariffandmembercountrieschargerespectivetariffonnon-membercountries.2.MainFormsandFeaturesofRegionalEconomicIntegration區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的主要形式及特征62.3.3TariffAssociation關(guān)稅同盟Participatingcountriesintariffassociationentirelyremoveallthetariffandnon-tarifftradebarriersbetweeneachotherandchargecommontariffonnon-membercountries.Tariffassociationhasinitialsupranationalnature,suchasBenelux.1)CommonMarket共同市場(chǎng)Commonmarketmeansthatallmembercountrieseliminateallthebarriersoftariffandquota,chargecommontariffonnon-membercountries,andallowfactorsofproductiontomovefreelyamongmembercountries.EuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)hadbeenclosetothisformin1970.2.MainFormsandFeaturesofRegionalEconomicIntegration區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的主要形式及特征72)EconomicUnion經(jīng)濟(jì)同盟

Besidesfreedomofmovementofproductsandfactorsofproductionandcommonexternaltariff,economicunionsalsoenablemembercountriestoformulatecommoneconomicandsocialpoliciestograduallyeliminatedivergenceandpromoteintegrationtoalevelofholisticeconomy.

3)CompleteEconomicIntegration完全經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化Basedupontherealizationofeconomicunion’smission,completeeconomicintegrationisthehigheststageofeconomicintegration.Theintegratedunitshaveunifiedallthemajoreconomicpolicies,suchasfiscalpolicy,monetarypolicy,welfarepolicy,agriculturepolicyandpolicythatrelatedtotradeandmovementoffactorsofproduction,andhavecorrespondingorganizations,e.g.unifiedcentralbank,toexecutecommonexternaleconomicpolicies.

2.MainFormsandFeaturesofRegionalEconomicIntegration區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的主要形式及特征8

Lesson2MajorRegionalEconomicUnions

主要區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化組織1.EuropeanUnion，EU歐洲聯(lián)盟Intermsofnumberofmembers,EUisthelargestfreetradeareaintheworld,andisalsoaregionaleconomicandpoliticalunionwiththehighestlevelofregionalintegration.EUisnotonlyacommonmarket,butisalsoaneconomicandpoliticalunionhavingunifiedmonetaryandsocialpolicies.91.1TheUnifiedEconomicPolicyofEU歐盟的統(tǒng)一經(jīng)濟(jì)政策1.1.1Establishcustomsunion,eliminateinternaltariff建立關(guān)稅同盟，取消內(nèi)部關(guān)稅Atthesametimeofeliminatinginternaltariff,memberstatesapplyacommonexternaltariffonindustrialandagriculturalproductsfromnon-memberstates.1.1.2CommonAgriculturalPolicy實(shí)施共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策TheCommonAgriculturalPolicy’spricecontrollingsystemensuresthepricesofagriculturalproductstobefluctuatingwithin“targetprice”and“interventionprice”bymeansofEU’spurchasinganddelivery.ThepolicyinvolvesapplicationofVariableLevyonsomeimportedagriculturalproductsandsubsidiesonexports.EuropeanAgricultureGuideandGuaranteeFundswereestablishedtopromotethemechanizationandmodernizationofagriculture.101.1.3CommonMarket統(tǒng)一大市場(chǎng)

Since1993,theEUhasbeenrunninganinternalmarketcoveringanon-boundaryarea,wherethegoods,people,servicesandcapitalcanmovefreely.1.1.5EuropeanEconomicArea“歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)”

On1stJan,1994,theEuropeanEconomicAreawasofficiallyestablishedtoallowfreemovementofgoods,services,capitalandpeople.

1.1TheUnifiedEconomicPolicyofEU歐盟的統(tǒng)一經(jīng)濟(jì)政策111.1.4MonetaryUnion建立歐洲貨幣體系

AEuropeansinglecurrencywaslaunched.Nationalcurrenciesofmemberstateswereexchangedatfixedrateinternallyandatjointfloatingrateexternallysothatarelativelystableexchange-ratesystemwasformed.TheEuropeanMonetaryFundwasfoundedtoprovideshortandmediumtermloanstomembercountrieswiththeobjectivesofforeignexchangemarketintervention,stabilizationofexchangerateandadjustmentofinternationalpayment.On1stJan,1999,theEuropeansinglecurrency,theEuro,startedtobeusedindomestictradefollowedbyeuronotesandcoinsbeingissuedin2002.1.1TheUnifiedEconomicPolicyofEU歐盟的統(tǒng)一經(jīng)濟(jì)政策122.NorthAmericanFreeTradeArea北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)On1stJan,1989,withtheUnitedState-CanadaFreeTradeAgreementcomingintoeffect,theUnitedStates-CanadaFreeTradeAreawasestablished.ThetheUnitedStates-CanadaFreeTradeAreacomprisetwocountries,theUnitedStatesandCanada.Itsgoalsweretoeliminateallbarrierstotradeofgoodsandservices,investment,commerceandtravel,toprovidecodeofconductforbothgovernmentssoastoregulatethebehaviorofprivateenterprisesandgeneraleconomicpolicyofgovernment.13On1stJan,1994,withtheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementscomingintoeffect,theNorthAmericanFreeTradeAreawasestablished.

Thecoreoftheagreementwastoreduceandeliminateallthetariffofbilateraltradeintenyearssince1989to1998.TheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementssupersedetheUnitedStates–CanadaFreeTradeAgreementwiththeadditionofMexico.TheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAreawasaregionaltradegroupestablishedbytheUnitedStatesallyingCanadaandMexico,servingitspurposeofcounteringagainsttheEU.2.NorthAmericanFreeTradeArea北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)14Themaincontentoftheagreementincluded:theeliminationoftariffsandnon-tariffbarriersonover9,000kindsofgoodsbystageswithin15yearsandtheeliminationofimportquotaandexportlicense;theopeningoftelecommunication,financeandinsuranceindustriesinMexicototheUSandCanadianmerchantstoallowthemtoparticipateincompetitionandinvestmentbyestablishingwhollyownedsubsidiaries.ThethreecountriesagreedtograntnationaltreatmenttothefinanceenterprisesinNorthAmerica.Topreventtariffevasionbycountriesoutsideofthearea,thethreecountriesagreedonmorestrictregulationsontherulesoforigin.Andtherewerealsolawsintheareaofintellectualpropertyandissuesoflaborprotectionandenvironmentprotection.2.NorthAmericanFreeTradeArea北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)152.1FreeTradeAreaofAmerica美洲自由貿(mào)易區(qū)

BasedontheNorthAmericanFreeTradeArea,theUSsoughttoestablishFreeTradeAreaofAmericatoembraceSouthAmericancountries.Theideawasbroughttothe1stSummitofAmericasincluding34countries,withthegoalofestablishingtheFreeTradeAreaofAmericaonJanuary2005withthebiggestareaoftheworldandtheGDPamountingto14trilliondollarsaswellasthepopulationof0.8billion.InNovemberof2003,theframeagreementonFTAAhasbeenreachedintheeighthministerialmeeting,reiteratingFTAAwouldbestartedonJan.2005.16

APEC(Asia-PacificEconomicCorporation)isoneimportantinternationalorganizationaimingtostrengthenregionaleconomiccorporationofAsia-Pacificcountriesandregions.APECisaregionaleconomicintegrationorganizationinvastnessofareaandvariouseconomicsituationswiththememberincludingthedevelopedeconomies,newlyindustrializedeconomies,anddevelopingeconomieswhichareindifferentsocialandpoliticalsystems.3.Asia-PacificEconomicCorporation亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織（APEC）173.Asia-PacificEconomicCorporation亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織（APEC）

IntheproposalofAustralia,APECwasestablishedin1990.Uptotheyearof2002,therewere21memberswhichareUnitedStates,Japan,Canada,Australia,NewZealand,RepublicofKorea,Malaysia,Thailand,Singapore,Philippines,Indonesia,Brunei,People’sRepublicofChina,ChineseTaipei,HongKong,Mexico,PapuaNewGuinea,Chile,Peru,Russia,andVietnam.184.AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)東南亞國家聯(lián)盟[簡(jiǎn)稱“東盟”(ASEAN)]

ASEANisanorganizationconsistingofdevelopingcountries.

InAugust8th1967,thefivecountriesincludingIndonesia,Malaysia,thePhilippines,Singapore,andThailandsingedASEANdeclarationnamelyBangkokDeclaration,foundingtheorganizationknownasASEAN.

From1980sto1990s,withBrunei,Vietnam,Burma,Laos,Cambodiajoiningintheorganization,thereare10membersforthetimebeing.

ASEANfreetradeareawasestablishedandtookeffectonJanuary2002withgoalofrealizingzerodutyforthetradewithintheregion.Uptotheyearof2010,thesixmembersincludingMalaysia,thePhilippines,Thailand,Singapore,Indonesia,Bruneiagreedtoeliminateduty.Bytheyearof2015,itisscheduledtorealizetradeliberalizationforallmembers.195.RegionalEconomicIntegrationandChina中國參與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化情況5.1CAFTA(China-ASEANFreeTradeArea)中國—東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)（CAFTA）

InNovember2002,Chineseleadersandtheleadersof10ASEANmembercountriessignedtheFrameworkAgreementonChina-ASEANComprehensiveEconomicCo-operationArea.China-ASEANFreeTradeAreaiscoveringgoodstrade,servicetrade,investmentandeconomiccooperationetc.,ofwhichthegoodstradeisthecorecontents.ItisstipulatedinTheFrameworkAgreementonChina-ASEANComprehensiveEconomicCo-operationAreathatChinaandASEANmembersshallstarttoreducetariffonthenormalgoodssince2005.205.1CAFTA(China-ASEANFreeTradeArea)中國—東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)（CAFTA）

Duringthe8thleadersmeetingofChina-ASEANFreeTradeAreainNovemberof2004,thecommerceministersofChinaandtheministersofASEANsignedtheAgreementonTradeinGoodsandtheAgreementonDisputeSettlementMechanism,whicharebothundertheFrameworkAgreementonChina-ASEANComprehensiveEconomicCo-operationArea.IntheAgreementonTradeinGoods,itisstipulatedthatChinaandthesixfoundermembersofASEANshallcutdownthedutyofmostofnormalcommoditiestozero.TheAgreementonDisputeSettlementMechanismisthelegalfiletoregulatethedisputesettlementbetweenChinaandASEANmembersunderthetheFrameworkAgreement215.2TheEconomicCooperationBetweenChinaandNortheastAsianCountries—AimingtoEstablishtheFreeTradeAreaofChina,JapanandRepublicofKorea.中國與東北亞國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作—努力建立中日韓自由貿(mào)易區(qū)

TheideaofthefreetradeareaofChina,JapanandRepublicofKoreawasinitiallyputforwardbytheformerpresidentofRepublicofKoreaKimDae-junginthe“10+3”meetinginManilain1998.TheproposalwasgettingonslowlyduetosomereasonsthoughitreceivedpositiveresponsefromChinaandJapan.InOctoberof2006,inthefifth5.RegionalEconomicIntegrationandChina中國參與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化情況225.3NewZealand-ChinaFreeTradeArea中新自由貿(mào)易區(qū)Inrecentyears,therelationshipbetweenChinaandNewZealandhasbeengoingonwell.In2007,themutualtradevolumebetweenChinaandNewZealandhadreached3.7billiondollarswiththeincreaseof26%thanthelastyear.Chinahascometobethe3rdtradepartnerofNewZealand.Theexportedpr